Core Tips.
On November 27, in Wulong Village, Honghu Town, Changshou District, the "Sanpu" survey and sampling team was taking stratified samples from the profile. Contributing Photographer Xin Fei.
All things are born in the soil, and there is soil and food. Cultivated land is the "lifeblood" of grain production, and cultivated land protection is one of the "three bottom lines" that Chongqing must resolutely guard.
This year, 5 December marks the 10th World Soil Day, and this year's theme is "Soil and Water: The Source of Life".
In order to further understand the health status of soil, China has comprehensively carried out the third national soil census (hereinafter referred to as the "three censuses"). It has been more than 40 years since the "Second Census", and this period is an important period for the intensive development of agriculture in China, and a series of changes and problems have appeared in the soil. The results of the "comprehensive physical examination" of the soil by the "three general surveys" will provide a reference for decision-making in grain production and the optimization of agricultural production layout.
Chongqing's task is to comprehensively find out the soil "family base" of more than 100 million mu of agricultural land. In this regard, Chongqing's ** reporter interviewed three generations of old, middle-aged and young soil people and listened to them tell the story behind the census.
The "Sanpu" survey and sampling team is taking cross-sectional photos in the shade. Contributing Photographer Xin Fei.
Xie Deti, leader of the "Sanpu" technical group in the southwest area:
Do a good job of technology for the "three populars".
On October 30, it participated in the provincial acceptance of the "three popular" achievements in Malong District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province and other pilot districts and countiesIn early November, he went to Guizhou to explain the soil profile technology for the local technical leaderAt the end of November, more than 10 districts and counties such as Changshou and Wuxi carried out the technical guidance ...... of the "Three Populars".
After this year's National Day, 66-year-old Xie Deti retired from the three-foot podium of the School of Resources and Environment of Southwest University. It stands to reason that retirement should be a lot easier, however, he is even busier than before: 2 3 hours a month on business trips.
I can't rest, and I have to take care of the technology for the 'Sanpu'!On November 28, at a soil profile sampling point in Guanghua Village, Honghu Town, Changshou District, when the reporter met Xie Deti, he was instructing technicians on how to dig the profile.
The survey sampling team "backfills the sampled soil." Contributing Photographer Xin Fei.
Xie Deti grew up in Jinji Commune (now Dongmen Town), Kaijiang County, Sichuan Province. At the age of 15, he went to work in the commune and found that the crops grown on the same plot were high and low, which made him curious, and the seeds of learning to be farmers took root in his heart.
In 1978, Xie Deti was admitted to Southwest Agricultural College (now part of Southwest University) to study Xi soil science. After graduating with a bachelor's degree, he studied under Academician Hou Guangjiong, the founder of soil science in China, for a master's degree and a doctorate.
In the years when I studied with Mr. Hou, I gained a lot. "Mr. Hou took me to the field every week to investigate and analyze the soil rock strata and soil types. At the same time, he also took me to participate in the inspection of the results of the 'Second Census'. If the report does not match the reality, he also went to the site to dig the profile and re-determine the type and characteristics of the soil. ”
Under the teaching of Hou Guangjiong, Xie Deti actively devoted himself to the study of soil science, formed a number of technologies such as semi-arid cultivation method with high and stable yield of rice, and became an outstanding soil science expert in our city and even the whole country.
The work began in 1979 but ended in 1994, taking more than 10 years. This was due to the fact that the bottom-up survey was adopted at that time, and the sampling standards were not uniform in different places, so the process of summarizing and sorting out the results was very complicated.
Sanpu has adopted a top-down investigation method, and the technical standards are unified by the state, so we experts must train good technical leaders for various localities on the one hand, and carry out technical guidance and quality control in the fields on the other hand. Xie Deti said. He served as the deputy leader of the top-level design group of the national "Sanpu" technical guidance group and the leader of the "Sanpu" technical group in the southwest area.
A technician samples the profile. Contributing Photographer Xin Fei.
Tian Rui, technical leader of the southeast area of Chongqing:
One less sampling point is not representative enough.
As an expert in soil science and a professor at Southwest University, Xie Deti has trained a large number of students majoring in soil science for more than 30 years, and 39-year-old Tian Rui is one of them. Tian Rui is now a master's tutor at the School of Resources and Environment of Southwest University, and this year, she has become the technical leader of the "Sanpu" southeast area of Chongqing, responsible for soil profile sampling.
Compared with the 'second popular', the 'third popular' is more detailed and complete. Tian Rui explained that the "two generals" only took a total of 8 indicators, but the "three general" covers more than 40 indicators, not only supplementing the bulk density, porosity, heavy metals and other soil physical and chemical indicators, but also adding some trace elements to the investigation.
For Tian Rui, who specializes in soil science research, these are not too difficult, and the biggest challenge is to find sampling points.
According to national requirements, hilly areas are every 05 square kilometers to lay out 1 sampling point, so the city's surface sampling points have 540,000. At the same time, there are 1,492 technically difficult sections, some of which are "hidden" in canyons and some are located on the top of mountains, which is not an easy task to find. And these samples will be completed in the first half of next year.
On October 23, in order to start sampling before dawn, Tian Rui and his team set off from the main city of Chongqing at 5 a.m. to a sampling site in Fangdoushan, Fengdu. It took them a day to find this sampling point.
When the car drove to the dense forest at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the gravel road ahead was cut into two sections by the stream, and the vehicle could not continue to move forward. Tian Rui had no choice but to get out of the car with his teammates, carrying stainless steel shovels, pickaxes and other sampling tools, and walking towards the preset sample point according to the navigation.
There was no road in the mountains, so they cut a path with the machetes in their handsWhen they came across a deep ditch, they used shrubs and rattan to tie into a wooden bridge to cross. After searching in the mountains and forests for a long time and still no results, some team members proposed to replace the sampling point, but Tian Rui vetoed, "In case the sampling point is a new soil species, one less sampling point will not be representative enough!."”
In the end, at Tian Rui's insistence, they found the sampling point located in the valley of the two mountains.
Sometimes, even if a sampling point is found, sampling can still be difficult.
In order not to affect agricultural production, it is usually the window period for field sampling before sowing and after autumn harvest of crops each year. However, some farmers will plant green cabbage heads in winter paddy fields in order to rush to plant a crop, which will lead to inaccurate sampling results.
When planting green cabbage, the content of soil organic fertilizer will be high, and the test results will be inaccurate. Tian Rui said that in order to ensure that the profile sampling data has reference value, they must spend more time to find more representative profile sample points.
As required, Tian Rui and his team must complete more than 70 profile samples this year, and at present, they have completed 80% of the workload, and in order to complete the task on time, they also do a "physical examination" of the soil in the field on weekends.
The survey sampling team is in the process of grading the profile. Contributing Photographer Xin Fei.
Ma Jian, a member of the geological team and a field sampler:
With the support of the villagers, the sampling work can be completed efficiently.
Ma Jian, a 23-year-old member of the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development's 205 geological team, has spent half of his time "digging": sampling the surface layer of the Sanpu soil since he joined last year.
"Soil surface sampling has high technical requirements, and the geological team members have a certain geographical knowledge as a foundation, and they are competent for this work after training. Therefore, after obtaining the "Sanpu" soil field sampling qualification certificate last year, Ma Jian participated in the "Sanpu" sampling work carried out on a pilot basis in Jiangjin.
But for Ma Jian, in order to become a qualified "Sanpu" field sampler, he must also have the ability to learn to deal with villagers. Shortly after joining the company, one of the tasks undertaken by Ma Jian was to collect agricultural production data such as crop yields and fertilizer and pesticide use from villagers.
The first time Ma Jian went to Shimen Town, Jiangjin to collect information from the villagers, he was closed. One is because he said too many big truths, and the villagers didn't want to listen to themThe second is that his foreign accent is too strong for the villagers to understand. The local villagers thought they were digging the oil fields and did not let them tamper with their farmland.
Team leader Deng Shuai stepped forward to explain, and after chatting a few words with the parents, the villagers also understood their intentions, and the embarrassing situation eased.
Don't talk about big things as soon as you come up, but say that they can understand and are willing to listen, for example, this is to 'see a doctor' for the soil, so that the crop yield can be increased in the future" "When asking about the yield, try not to say mu, and talk about picking millet in the countryside" ......The old-timers "made up for this lesson for them." Ma Jian slowly found the skills to communicate with the villagers, and the work was carried out smoothly. This year, they have undertaken a total of more than 200 sampling sites, and more than 140 have been completed so far. "With the support of the villagers, the heavy sampling work can be completed efficiently," he said. ”