The Tang Dynasty, the peak of Chinese feudal society. Under the rule of Zhenguan and the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, the Tang Empire flourished, but after the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the situation of feudal towns and fierce rivalries for hegemony gradually took shape, and the Huangchao Rebellion made the regime even more precarious. In the first year of Guangming (880), the Huangchao rebel army marched into Chang'an with resentment, and Tang Xizong was forced to flee to Chengdu.
The decadent years of Tang Xizong.
Tang Xizong, the fifth son of Tang Yizong, was proclaimed emperor by eunuchs at the age of 12. This frivolous young emperor only knew how to enjoy and was indifferent to political affairs. After fleeing to Chengdu, he relied on the support of the eunuch Tian Lingzi and the envoy Chen Jingu of Xichuan Jiedu, and sat firmly on the throne of the emperor for seven years. Although the escort army around him has little merit, he is loyal.
In the second year of Zhonghe (882), the Huangchao Uprising triggered peasant uprisings in Qiongzhou, Dayi and other places. Tang Xizong sent Chen Jingu to lead the army to conquer, and Gao Buxi, a native of Nanjiang Prefecture, Jiangnan, and Yang Duan, a native of Taiyuan, also accompanied the army to the west, made military achievements, and took over the military towns of Shiyang, Hechuan, Anguo, and Lingguan in today's whole region. The high department is located in the area of Shiyang and Xinchang, while the Yang department is located in the area of today's Tianquan Chengxiang, Laochang and Baoxing Lingguan. After Tang Xizong returned to the north, in order to prevent further turmoil, Gao and Yang were ordered to guard this place, thus forming their separatist situation.
In 889 AD, Tang Zhaozong succeeded to the throne and ordered Gao and Yang to divide the land and rule, opening the Tusi system of Tianquan's "separation" and "hereditary".
The establishment and evolution of the Tusi system.
In 907 AD, the Tang Dynasty died, and Tianquan Tusi maintained the Tang system during the reign of the former Shu. In the Later Shu period, Gao Nang, the grandson of Gao Buxi, and Yang Jiaya, the descendant of Yang Duan, surrendered to the Later Shu regime, and was appointed as the chief and deputy envoy of the six military and civilian pacification divisions of Jiemen, Li, Ya, Changhexi, Yutong and Ningyuan. Gao's land office was in Shiyang, and Yang's land office was in Diaomun, and the Tusi system was formally established.
In 965 A.D., the Song Dynasty destroyed Houshu, followed the old practice of Houshu to grant Gao and Yang Ershi as the pacification division, and set up Jiemen Village and Lingguan Village. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265), the Yuan Dynasty officially set up the Diaomun, Liya and other places to pacify the Division, awarded the Tusi Gaobao Four Tiger Talismans, rebuilt the Diaomen Guancheng, and restored the defense. Later, it was changed to the Liuban Recruiting Division, and the division was located in Diaomen, and at the same time, the Tianquan Recruitment Division was separated, and the governance office was located in Shiyang.
In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1371), Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, ordered Tang He and Fu Youde to lead the army into Sichuan, and Gao Guoying, the Tianquan Tusi, surrendered. In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), the whole recruitment division was the sixth recruitment division, and the governance office was located in Shiyang. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1388), it was changed again to six times to recruit the deputy division, and the governance office was set up in today's Tianquan Chengxiang.
During the reign of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1506-1521), Tianquan Liufan Tusi Gao Jien and Yang Shiren invaded the territory of Lushan, causing Tuluan to actively resist the county of Lushan. In one battle, the main cadres of the Gao Tusi were captured and imprisoned in the county government. However, Gao Jien took the opportunity to rob the prison, and Tu Luan ordered his son to lead the troops to pursue him, but unfortunately he was defeated and killed. Gao and Yang Er Tusi took the opportunity to occupy Shuangshi, Baosheng, Taiping, Dachuan, Siyan and other places.
In the ninth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1652), Feng Gao Jitai was recruited by Tianquan Liuban Si Zheng, and Yang Xianzhu was the deputy. Governance is the same as before. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), under the auspices of the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi and the governor of Yazhou, Yang Guangzhu, the Tusi of Tianquan, signed a peace alliance treaty with Zhou Fengyi, the governor of Lushan, and adhered to the principle of "I am not afraid, I am not cheating." In and out of each other, and the same room, there is this alliance of Chongqing, the gods and spirits", and engraved a monument to remember. At this point, the border between the two sides was peaceful.
The end of the toast system.
In the sixth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1728), Yue Zhongqi, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, asked for the abolition of Tianquan Tusi. In the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1729), the Ministry of Officials discussed the reinstatement of the governor of Sichuan and approved the change of Tianquan Tusi to an official. Immediately by force, the seal was confiscated. Gao Ruo and his relatives moved to Wanyi Lane, Dongshengmen, Nanchang, Jiangxi, while Yang Daye and his relatives moved to Nanchang, Jiangxi. Counting from the time of Meng Shu, the Tusi system that ruled Tianquan ended, and it lasted for more than 790 years.
During the reign of Tusi, Gao and Yang Tusi continued to expand their territory and gradually controlled the entire territory of today's Tianquan and part of today's Baoxing, Lushan, Yingjing, and Luding.
In the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1729), Tianquan changed the land and returned to Lushan, and returned the Siyan Dam occupied by Yang Tusi to Lushan, and the rest of the places have not been returned. It was not until 1952 that the Government Council of the People's Republic of China approved the inclusion of Shuangshi, Baosheng, Taiping and Dachuan into Lushan. In 1955, the Ya'an District Administration assigned the incense burner, wholeheartedness, wholeheartedness, Dafang, Xihe and other places in Shangsiyan to Lushan and merged into Siyan Township.
The Rise and Fall of the Tusi System: A Unique Chapter in History.
The Tusi system is a hereditary official position set up by the feudal dynasty in ethnic minority areas or mixed areas by the leaders of ethnic minorities or local powerful leaders, "governing the people with local officials". The imperial court confirmed its privileges such as hereditary privileges by granting them official positions and issuing seals. Tusi has the power of life and death in the jurisdiction, and has a profound impact on the common people.
Tianquan has been ruled by Tusi since Meng Zhixiang established Houshu. Before the Ming Dynasty, it is impossible to verify how the toast was managed. After the Ming Dynasty, through the six recruitment divisions to manage the jurisdiction, under the establishment of 100 households, of which Shuangshi, Baosheng, Taiping, Dachuan should belong to the Lingguan 100 households, Siyan should belong to the Lehao 100 households.
After the Qing Dynasty changed the land and returned to the stream, Tianquanzhou was divided into 3 townships, 14 large villages and 51 small villages. Geographically, Shuangshi, Baosheng, Taiping, Dachuan, Siyan and other places should belong to Zhongling Township.
Epilogue. The Tang Dynasty flourished and declined, and the evolution of the Tianquan Tusi system carried the history of China's feudal society. From the feudal system of the Tang Dynasty, to the rule of Tusi in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and then to the end of the Tusi system, this unique chapter shines brightly in the long river of history. The rise and fall of Tianquan Tusi is not only a piece of history, but also a microcosm of the changes in China's feudal society, leaving a rich and profound historical imprint.
This article presents in detail the historical investigation of the prosperity and decline of the Tang Dynasty and the evolution of the Tianquan Tusi system, from the political turmoil of the Tang Dynasty to the establishment and end of the Tusi system, outlining a rich and colorful historical picture. While commenting on this article, I couldn't help but be deeply attracted by the historical events described in it, and I was filled with emotion.
First of all, through the depiction of the prosperity and decline of the Tang Dynasty, the article vividly shows the complex appearance of the feudal society at that time. The reign of Zhenguan and the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty brought the empire to its heyday, but due to various reasons, especially the outbreak of the Huangchao Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty fell into political turmoil. The decadent years of Tang Xizong revealed the shortcomings of eunuchs and young emperors in feudal society, making the regime precarious.
Secondly, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of the Tusi system. From the feudal system in the Tang Dynasty, to the Tusi rule in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and then to the end of the Tusi system, this evolution process is not only a change in the political pattern, but also a historical reflection of the feudal system. Especially in the process of the establishment and prosperity of Tianquan Tusi, the governance, governance and interaction with the imperial court of the successive dynasties of Tusi presented a unique and complex local political system in China's feudal society.
At the end of the article, the end of the Tusi system is mentioned, and in the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1729), Tianquan changed the land and returned to the stream, which marked the end of the Tianquan Tusi system, which lasted for more than 790 years. The presentation of this historical node enables readers to have a deeper understanding of the historical rise and fall of the Tusi system.
Overall, this article presents readers with a multi-layered and multi-dimensional historical picture through a historical investigation of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty and the evolution of the Tianquan Tusi system. Relying on detailed historical facts, the author uses vivid language to show the political situation during the Tang Dynasty and the rise and fall of the Tusi system. This not only enriches the reader's understanding of the history of China's feudal society, but also triggers a deep reflection on the evolution of the feudal social system. Such a historical investigation will undoubtedly help readers to understand the rich connotations of Chinese history more comprehensively.
Disclaimer: The above content information is ** on the Internet, and the author of this article does not intend to target or insinuate any real country, political system, organization, race, or individual. The above content does not mean that the author of this article agrees with the laws, rules, opinions, behaviors in the article and is responsible for the authenticity of the relevant information. The author of this article is not responsible for any issues arising from the above or related issues, and does not assume any direct or indirect legal liability.
If the content of the article involves the content of the work, copyright**, infringement, rumors or other issues, please contact us to delete it. Finally, if you have any different thoughts about this event, please leave a message in the comment area to discuss!