Feng warlord Zhang Zuolin, a native of Haicheng, Liaoning, Fengtian, was born in the year of Yihai, that is, in 1875, and belonged to pigsHe died in 1928.
On the eve of his death, that is, in the early morning of June 3, Zhang Zuolin and his entourage set off from Beijing's Qianmen Station and took a special train back to Fengtian. The special car includes 20 carriages, and Zhang Zuolin takes the 10th carriage. This special car was originally a special float for the Empress Dowager Cixi, luxurious and comfortable, because of its blue color, it was called a blue steel car. Accompanied by the car, there is also a Japanese consultant Machino Takema. Zhang Xueliang waited at the station to say goodbye.
At 6:30 in the morning, the special car arrived in Tianjin, and Machino Takema got off at this station. Before getting off the bus, Zhang Zuolin was told to "arrive in Mukden during the day." At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the special car arrived at Shanhaiguan. Wu Junsheng, the overseer of Heilongjiang, specially rushed here to greet Zhang Zuolin. When the special car arrived in Xinmin, it was already dawning. Looking out of the window, I saw that there were "sentry guards" on both sides of the railway, facing outward, making a preparatory posture, and more than ten steps was a post.
On June 4, the special car arrived at Huanggutun Station, where Zhang Jinghui and others greeted him, and said that the civil and military ** were waiting at Fengtianxin Station. Zhang Jinghui got on the bus and went along, but did not ride in the same carriage as Zhang Zuolin. The special car started again and drove towards the Sandong Bridge through the old road crossing. This is the intersection of the Japanese-run South Manchurian Railway and the Gyeongbong Railway. The Nanming Railway is on the top, and the Jingfeng Railway is on the bottom.
At that time, Zhang Zuolin was in the carriage only himself, Wu Junsheng and Wen Shoushan, the director of the school captain. It was slightly cool in the early morning, and Wu Junsheng asked with concern: "It's a little cold, do you want to add some clothes?"Zhang Zuolin looked at his watch and replied, "Forget it, it's coming soon!."”
While speaking, the special car drove across the Sandong Bridge, and suddenly there were two loud noises, and suddenly smoke and fire, flying sand and rocks. The 10th carriage in which Zhang Zuolin was riding was blown to pieces, and the body of the car collapsed three or four feet away. Other cars are together**, some are derailed, and some are **. Wu Junsheng died immediately, Wen Shoushan was also injured, and hurriedly crawled to Zhang Zuolin. He was covered in blood but did not breathe, and saw a deep hole in his throat. Wen Shoushan used a handkerchief to plug his wounds, then lifted him into the car and drove towards the Grand Marshal's Mansion as fast as he could. The exact time of the bombing was 5:23 a.m. on June 4.
When the car arrived at the Marshal's Mansion, Zhang Zuolin was quickly carried to the living room for rescue. He died at 9 a.m. at the age of 54. The last words Zhang Zuolin said were: "I was too seriously injured ......."I'm afraid it won't work......Call Xiao Liuzi, that is, Zhang Xueliang, go back to Fengtian quickly!”
Who killed Zhang Zuolin?
After the Huanggutun incident, Major General Saito Heng, chief of staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, met with Zhang Zuolin's Japanese secretary and told a big lie: "According to the information obtained by the Kwantung Army, the bombing of the car was indeed carried out by a spy in the south, and it was actually done by General Zhang Zuolin. ”
Twenty years after the incident, Major General Takayoshi Higashinomiya, former director of the Ordnance Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of War, confessed at the Tokyo trial that the bombing and killing of Zhang Zuolin was a crime committed by former senior staff officer of the Kwantung Army, Daisaku Kawamoto and others. At that time, Captain Donggong Longji served as the squadron leader of the Mukden Independent Garrison Brigade, stationed near the Sandong Bridge in Huanggutun. It was he who received instructions from Kawamoto Daisa to take charge of the technical work of the bombing car. The button that detonated was the one he pressed.
Twenty-six years later, in 1954, Daisaku Kawamoto dictated the article "I Killed Zhang Zuolin", and the truth of the Huanggutun incident was revealed to the world.
It turned out that after Zhang Zuolin's special car set off, Heben sent people to Shanhaiguan, Jinzhou, Xinmin and other important places on the Jingfeng Line, so that they could indeed monitor whether the special car had passed. As for which location was the most suitable in Mukden, after repeated research, it was finally concluded that Huanggutun, the intersection of the Nanman Railway and the Beijing-Bong Railway, was the safest. "Because here the Mantetsu Line goes above it, and the Gyeongbong Line passes through the underside of it.
The next question is: Why did the Japanese kill Zhang Zuolin?
According to Daisaku Kawamoto, he attended the Oriental Conference in Tokyo as an attaché to the commander of the Kwantung Army, Nobuyoshi Muto. At the meeting, he "strongly advocated that the posture of encircling the Manchurian iron line against the Mukden warlords is no longer effective for diplomacy."At this time, General Muto emphasized the use of force to solve the problem. Prime Minister Tanaka also understood this proposal, and he largely decided on a policy of resolving the issue by force. ”
Before the Huanggutun incident, the commander of the Kwantung Army had been replaced by Muto Nobuyoshi to Muraoka Chotaro. "General Muraoka is not inferior to General Muto in terms of personality and knowledge, and the two are completely consistent in their opinions on running the mainland. Therefore, the attitude of the Kwantung Army was unmoved. ”
On May 18, 1928, the Kwantung Army Headquarters conspired to force Zhang Zuolin to leave the field when he was defeated and exited. Kawamoto thinks: "Killing Zhang Zuolin won't solve all problems!"Then he said: "Forcing Zhang to go into the wilderness, who can guarantee that his heir will change his course, and what if it is more difficult to control than Zhang?"Kill Zhang Zuolin, his son Zhang Xueliang will not give up, and his subordinates will also be in turmoil, our army can disarm the Feng army in the name of maintaining law and order, occupy Manchuria in one fell swoop, and then find another person of your choice, and organize it under the protection of our army”
Commander Muraoka, in accordance with Prime Minister Tanaka's instructions to "let it go," ruled to act in accordance with Kawamoto's proposal.
12 years ago, after the death of Yuan Shikai, the Beiyang warlords gradually divided into three factions: the direct line, the Anhui line and the Feng line, headed by Feng Guozhang, Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin. The three factions are vying for power and profit, and political disputes and scuffles are constantly occurring. In order to compete for the political power in Beijing, the Zhiwan War broke out in July 1920, and the Anhui system was defeated and came to power. In 1922 and 1924, there were two wars of Zhifeng, and after the defeat of the direct line, the Fengxi took control of the ** regime. The warlords of different factions have consumed enormous human, material and financial resources and caused great disasters to the broad masses of the people. The Beiyang warlords themselves were also greatly weakened.
In July 1926, under the cooperation and advocacy of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the National Revolutionary Army launched the Northern Expedition, eliminating the armies of the direct warlords Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang, and striking a blow at the Feng forces.
In 1928, the Kuomintang military forces united to make another northern expedition. In June, the Kuomintang army advanced to Beijing and Tianjin, Zhang Zuolin was defeated and withdrew from the pass, and the Feng army fled outside the Shanhai Pass in groups. Wu Junsheng led 50,000 troops from Heilongjiang to garrison Fengtian City.
Kawamoto Daisaku was worried that 300,000 Feng troops would withdraw to Guanwai, and the Kwantung Army would inevitably be embattled. The anti-Japanese sentiment that pervades the entire Northeast is bound to be like a prairie fire.
The anti-Japanese in Mukden City is beyond the description of pen and ink, and the Japanese children go to school to a dangerous levelThe only Japanese living in Mukden could rely on was the Kwantung Army, but these Japanese overseas Chinese were not only disappointed when they saw the Kwantung Army's attitude of standing by and watching, but also began to hold grudges. I killed Zhang Zuolin
Daisaku Kawamoto thought that the Fengjun Exclusion Day was completely out of Zhang Zuolin's idea. Its purpose was to rely on Europe and the United States to drive out Japan in order to expand its existing power.
As long as Zhang Zuolin is defeated alone, the so-called generals of the Fengtian faction will scatter. Today's people think that as long as Zhang Zuolin rules Manchuria, he can maintain law and order. After all, Zhang Zuolin is a warlord, and he has neither the country nor the welfare of the masses in his eyes. As for the other generals, they are just private parties that combine the relationship between the leader and the minion. It is precisely because their union is like this, that as long as this leader is killed, they will be torn apart, and they are at a loss before the second Zhang Zuolin appears. Id
After Zhang Zuolin's death, Zhang Xueliang succeeded him as the commander of the security of the three northeastern provinces. Ignoring Japanese opposition, Zhang Xueliang reached an agreement with the Kuomintang authorities, announcing the change of banners in the Northeast and the reorganization of the Feng Army into the Northeast Frontier Army. In one fell swoop, he shattered the dream of Daisaku Kawamoto.