There is often a misunderstanding in film and television dramas, that is, the role of the political commissar is weakened, making it seem dispensable. In order to highlight the role of military commanders, some works even portray political commissars as characters who can only applaud and have no own opinions. Even in the famous "Bright Sword", Li Yunlong criticized "The regiment commander is in charge of the military, the political commissar is in charge of life, you have overstepped your authority", making the image of the political commissar look like a cadre who is only in charge of internal affairs. However, this is not the case. The people's army has one principle - the party commands the gun. ** The marshal clearly wrote in his memoirs: the political commissar could decide everything. The power is terrifying. So, what kind of role did the political commissar play back then?1. Political commissars are by no means ornaments.
At the beginning of the founding of the people's army, there was really a shortage of everything, such as manpower, finance, logistics, medical care, etc., what was needed and what was not. Compared with the Kuomintang, it is a world of difference. Even after the rapid development of the war of liberation, at the beginning, it was the best advantage. Why, then, did our party win in the end?There are many answers to this question, but the most critical factor is thought. ** After Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup, he abandoned his original intention and deviated from the legacy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Joining the army is like working a job, officers and soldiers don't know why they fight, and with such a mentality, where can they get any combat effectiveness?
Since its founding, the people's army has wanted to build a brand-new China and let the people live a life free from being bullied, and this has never changed. Therefore, all commanders and fighters have a general ideological unity, and the ultimate goal is the same. Inspired by this goal, many people rise to the challenge and are not afraid of sacrifice. However, in the process of development, all kinds of people will be recruited, so how can the new people who join the revolutionary ranks quickly achieve ideological unity?The importance of the commissar system is manifested. The Political Committee keeps abreast of the ideological trends of the whole army and is the link that maintains the thinking of the whole army. It can ensure that the people's army can unswervingly implement the line and principles of its superiors, and will never be led to damage by a small number of undetermined scum.
At the same time, by giving full play to the advantages of their own duties, the political commissar ensured that the contingent could maintain morale, loyalty, and combat effectiveness even in the face of unfavorable situations, such as propaganda and mobilization, ideological construction, and discipline supervision. The Red Army went through a number of difficult stages in its history, and even on such an almost desperate march as the Long March, the troops were not destroyed, and the political commissar played a key role in it. During the warlord melee, Shi You.
Third, Sun Dianying, Wu Huawen and others can lead the entire army to leave, and when the two parties are facing each other, Wan Yi, Gao Shuxun, Dong Qiwu and others can also command many supporters.
In contrast, people like Guo Bingsheng, Gong Chu, Xing Renfu, and others could only take a few cronies with them, and once the subordinate officers and soldiers learned that they were going to betray the revolution, they would basically quickly draw a clear line, and this was the biggest difference between whether there was a political commissar or not. Under the leadership of the commissar, the army became the party's army, not the private army of any individual. Secondly, the evolution of the political commissar system. In 1927, the reorganization of Sanwan proposed that "the branch should be built on the company", which laid the foundation for the party to lead the army. The Gutian Conference of 1929 once again carried out a profound reform of the Red Army and established the system of political commissars. However, the political commissar is not only in charge of trivial matters in life, as long as it involves "people, money, food, guns" and other important matters, the political commissar has the right to decide, even in the military field.
The commander-in-chief of the Red Fourth Front Army once mentioned in "A Review of History": "At that time, the political commissar could be said to have all the powers, and could unilaterally arrest and punish people, and supervise and ...... military commanders at the same levelThe sheer amount of power is astonishing!Obviously, he still has lingering feelings about the experience of working with Commissar Chen, after all, Commissar Chen will directly whip his generals with a horsewhip in a fit of rage. During the Anti-Japanese War, the overall situation was relatively stable, so some changes were made in the "Interim Regulations on the Work of Political Commissars" promulgated in December 1938. The political commissar system has gone through a period of development, but the importance of the political commissar cannot be ignored. Under the leadership of the commissars, the Red Army became the army of the party, and not the private army of any individual.
The commissar wielded extensive powers and had a decisive influence on the military's decision-making. In the harsh living environment, the political commissars with firm ideas play an important role in unifying everyone, so their power is correspondingly greater. In the military, military commanders have a great deal of responsibility, and they play a key role in administrative and operational command. However, if a military commander deviates from the Party's principles and policies or does not carry out the orders of his superiors, the Political Commissar has the right to suspend his orders. Although this move has promoted the status of military cadres, decision-making power remains in the hands of political commissars. However, the policies of the Red Army period were not fully applicable to the period of the Anti-Japanese War. Some political cadres do have command skills, but they are limited to commanding skirmishes.
In addition, political cadres often put the interests of the whole and the whole first in handling problems, resulting in a lack of decisive decision-making ability in the face of emergencies, as was the case in the southern Anhui Incident in 1941. Political commissar Xiang Ying's indecision eventually brought serious consequences, leading to the failure of Ye Ting, the commander of the New Fourth Army, in his breakthrough plan. In addition, there are also drawbacks that the political commissar has the final decision, and after the outbreak of the all-out war of resistance, our army developed too quickly. Some newly promoted political work cadres did not have a good grasp of the war situation, and it was easy to cause unnecessary problems, such as the 1942 Snow Village Battle. In the battle of Snow Village, Wang Yuanyin, political commissar of the Eighth Army Division of Jizhong, and Chang Deshan, commander of the Eighth Army Division of Jizhong, learned that the Japanese invaders had gathered a large number of troops to attack them.
Chang Deshan advocated an immediate retreat because he believed that the Japanese invaders would be difficult to resist, but Wang Yuanyin was worried that a premature retreat would give the people the impression that the Eighth Route Army was afraid of death, and insisted on fighting the Japanese army before retreating. The two argued, and finally Wang Yuanyin ordered the troops to stay in Snow Village with the "final decision". However, the result was Chang Deshan's heroic sacrifice, and Wang Yuanyin chose to commit suicide after being injured. In addition, Wang Wei, political commissar of the 30th Regiment, Xiao Zhiguo, deputy commander of the 30th Regiment, Qiu Fuhe, commander of the second battalion of the 23rd Regiment, and Yang Kefu, commander of the reconnaissance unit of the military subdivision, also unfortunately died. The Eighth Army Division suffered a devastating blow.
This incident shocked **, and after discussion, the military commissar announced that the political commissar no longer had the final decision on military affairs, and that military operations were the responsibility of military commanders, and that in case of disputes, they should report the details to their superiors in a timely manner. It was only after this adjustment that the military commander gained the most power in the professional field and played a major role in the subsequent campaign. In the War of Liberation, Zheng Weishan used this power to veto political commissar Wang Zonghuai, participated in the new security blocking battle of the Pingjin Campaign, successfully repelled the reinforcement An Chunsheng's troops, and also annihilated Guo Jingyun's troops. Yang Yong vetoed political commissar Su Zhenhua with his own power, and successfully delayed the actions of Huang Wei's corps in the Yizong Blockade Battle, creating conditions for Nakano to successfully encircle the enemy and finally annihilate it.
It is impossible for anything and any policy to be completely correct, and it is the right way to make changes in line with the general context. In some film and television dramas, the political commissar basically does not express his opinion on the military aspect, and seems to be a complete "layman", but this is by no means the case in history. Although the political commissars should bear the main responsibility for the two fiascos in southern Anhui and Xuecun, they cannot be generalized, and more political commissars are of the military and political superiority type. For example, among the founding generals of New China, Huang Kecheng, **Deng Hua, **Yang Yong, Wang Jian'an, Ye Fei, Yang Chengwu, **, etc. are all political cadres. Their command skills are also excellent, and they have achieved many classic achievements, so the contribution of the commissars in the military field cannot be negated on the basis of just one or two things!