1. Which people helped the Jews who suffered the most from the Nazis?
The answer is the Danes.
the danish resistance movement, with the assistance of many danish citizens, managed to evacuate 7,220 of denmark's 7,800 jews, plus 686 non-jewish spouses, by sea to nearby neutral sweden during the second world war.
of 580 danish jews who failed to escape to sweden, 464 were arrested. the 464 danish jews who were captured and deported to the theresienstadt concentration camp in the protectorate of bohemia and mor**ia,the casualties among danish jews during the holocaust were among the lowest of the occupied countries of europe.Yad Vashem (Great Memorial of the Jews of Israel) records only 102 jews from denmark who were murdered in the holocaust a total of 51 danish jews—mostly elderly—died of disease at theresienstadt camp.
over 99% of denmark's jewish population survived the holocaust!.Against the backdrop of the murder of 6 million Jews, this is indeed a miracle!
on september 28, 1943, duckwitz leaked word of the plans for the operation against denmark's jews to hans hedtoft, chairman of the danish social democratic party. hedtoft contacted the danish resistance movement and the head of the jewish community, c. b. henriques, who in turn alerted the acting chief rabbi, marcus melchior.At the Early Morning Services, on September 29, the day prior to the Hashanade, October 1 2, Jews were warned by Rabbi Melchior of the planned German action and urged to go into hiding immediately and to spread the word to all their jewish friends and relatives.
the roundup was organized by the ss who used two police battalions and about 50 danish volunteer members of the waffen ss chosen for their familiarity with copenhagen and northern zealand
during the first days of the rescue action, jews moved into the many fishing harbors on the danish coast to await passage, but officers of the gestapo became suspicious of activity around harbors (and on the night of october 6, about 80 jews were caught hiding in the loft of the church at gilleleje, their hiding place h**ing been betrayed by a danish girl who was in love with a german soldier).
the rescue is estimated to h**e cost around 20 million kroner, about half of which were paid by jewish families and half from donations and collections.
there were several hundreds, if not a few thousands, of ordinary danes who took part in the rescue efforts.
The Danish Physicist Niels Bohr, whose mother was Jewish, made a determined stand for his fellow countrymen in a personal appeal to the Swedish King and Government ministersKing Gust** v granted him an audience after a persuasive call from Greta Garbo, who knew bohrhe was spirited off to sweden, whose government arranged immediate transport for him to the united states to work on the then top-secret manhattan project. when bohr arrived on swedish soil, government representatives told him he had to board an aircraft immediately for the united states. bohr refused. he told the officials—and eventually the king—that until sweden announced over its airw**es and through its press that its borders would be open to receive the danish jews, he was not going anywhere. bohr persuaded gustaf to make public sweden's willingness to provide asylum, and on 2 october swedish radio broadcast that sweden was ready to receive the jewish refugees.
2. Why is this miracle of human salvation staged in Denmark?
the german reich plenipotentiary of denmark, werner best, despite instigating the roundup via a telegram he sent to hitler on october 8, 1943, did not act to enforce it. he was aware of the efforts by duckwitz to h**e the roundup cancelled, and knew about the potential escape of the jews to sweden, but he turned a blind eye to it
logistically, the operation was relatively **denmark's jewish population was small, both in relative and absolute terms, and most of denmark's jews lived in or near copenhagen, only a short sea voyage from neutral sweden (typically 5 to 10 kilometers. although hazardous, the boat ride was easier to conceal than a comparable land journey.
the deportation of jews in denmark came one year after the deportations of jews in norway. that created an outrage in all of scandin**ia, alerted the danish jews, and pushed the swedish government to declare that it would receive all jews who managed to escape the nazis.
3. International Righteous Warriors
The "International Righteous Person" refers to the non-Jewish people who are known in Judaism as having access to the Kingdom of Heaven. the righteous among the nations, honored by yad vashem, are non-jews who took great risks to s**e jews during the holocaust. what they had in common was that they protected their jewish neighbors at a time when hostility and indifference prevailed.
as of january 1, 2022, the yad vashem holocaust memorial museum in israel has recognized 28,217 righteous among the nations. these non-jewish men and women are from 51 different countries and s**ed thousands of jews from the nazi horrors.
Denmark, while helping local Jews the most, was mostly anonymous and mostly collective, so that only 22 people became "international righteous men" who met Israeli standards. Poland, the Netherlands and France have the largest number of "international volunteers", with more than 4,000 people in each country.
The "International Righteous Warrior" is an invention of the Israelites, and our country should have such a list so that our people can remember those international friends who took risks to help us when our country was in trouble. For example, the 24 pilots who died in China in Bethune's and Chennault's American Volunteer Group and the more than 1,500 people who died in the U.S. 14th Air Force on the Hump route). Love and gratitude are the only way to resolve contradictions in the world, hatred can only deepen contradictions, as a great power, we should use our benevolent Confucianism to lead the mind of world civilization!
pcsfromChinaThe International Righteous Warriors
Of these 28,217 people, 25 Chinese are international righteous people.
aThe savior of 2,000 Jews - Ho Feng Shan
This is a photo I took by chance of the city of Vienna** at the former site of the Consulate General of the People's Republic of China (Johannesgasse 22, 1010 Wien) to commemorate Dr. He Fengshan.
The building is not far from the entrance to the park of the "Strauss Golden Man", opposite the Intercontinental Hotel. Here, Ho Fengshan, then consul general of the Nationals in Vienna, granted visas to some 2,000 Jews to Shanghai, allowing them to flee Europe and avoid being killed by the Nazis. Mr. Ho is eternally grateful to the Israelis for doing what his superiors opposed and his peers did not dare to do.
From his arrival in May 1937 to his departure in May 1940, Ho granted visas to some 2,000 Jews to Shanghai. The Nazi authorities confiscated the Chinese Consulate General's house on the pretext that it was the property of the Jews. He Fengshan applied for funds to rebuild the consulate in Nanjing, but was refused. Seeing that there was no hope of seeking funds, he rented a very small house at his own expense, moved the consulate there as an office location, and insisted on issuing visas.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek used German advisers, purchased Germany, and sent his son Chiang Weiguo to Germany to study military affairs. Therefore, He Fengshan was soon directly ordered by his immediate boss, Chen Jie, the ambassador to Germany: he resolutely opposed He Fengshan's issuance of visas to Jews, but He Fengshan ignored it. Later, someone made a small report to ***, saying that He Fengshan was selling visas to Jews. Chen Jie then adopted a surprise attack and sent people to Vienna to investigate. Because no evidence could be found, it was closed. However, Ho was transferred out of Vienna in May 1940.
many of those helped by ho did indeed reach shanghai, either by boat from italy or overland via the soviet union through harbin. many others made use of their visas to reach alternate destinations, including palestine, the philippines, and elsewhere.
eric goldstaub, who eventually immigrated to canada, related how, in july 1938, he received chinese visas for his entire family after spending “days, weeks, and months visiting one foreign consulate or embassy after the other trying to obtain visas for [himself, his] parents and [their] near relatives, numbering some 20 people.”
Gerda Gottfried Kraus, based in Canada, relates that after Kristallnacht, her husband waited in a long line for admittance into the Chinese consulate seeing a car approaching the consulate’s gates, he thrust his application form through its window. “apparently, the consul-general received it, because [my husband] then got a call and received the visas.”
bpan yun shun
Pan Junshun was the first Chinese national to be awarded the title righteous among the nations for hiding and sheltering a ukrainian jewish girl
pan jun shun moved to russia in 1916 looking for work. he settled in moscow where he found work as a laborer. as an enthusiastic communist, he decided to stay in the ussr.He married and had two sons while living in Moscow, after which he moved to Kharkiv. his two sons were drafted into the red army at the beginning of the war; they never returned home and were presumed to h**e been killed during the war.
one morning in early january 1942, pan opened the door of his apartment and found lyudmila standing there, shaking from cold and fear. lyudmila had escaped the ghetto with a group of youths and had then lost them. her mother bribed the nazis with her jewelry so that her children could escape. with no other option, she had headed to her former home. pan immediately decided that they would s**e the jewish child.
he survived the war and continued to live there until his death in 1974.
c).chi-fu-lintaisya
This is the bizarre story of a Ukrainian woman of half-Chinese descent who rescues two half-Jewish, half-Chinese Ukrainian children and ends up marrying the Chinese father of both children.
Nikolay Ki-fu-dian, originally from China, lived in the city of Kharkiv with his jewish wife, anna shpigel, and their children, five-year-old zoya, three-year-old viktor and infant larisain october 1941, shortly after the occupation of kharkov, by order of the germans, shpigel and the three children were separated from ki-fu-dian and transferred with the other jews of the city to The ghetto that was established in the area of an agricultural equipment factory (even if the father is Chinese, if the mother is Jewish, the child will also be taken away as a Jew).
Chinese father, international righteous Taisya, father brought daughters Zoya (middle) and victor (back row).
ki-fu-dian did his utmost to rescue the members of his family. with the help of the local chinese community, he collected many items of value and after bribing one of the guards he managed to get two of his children out of the ghetto.Only two days before the Germans murdered his wife and little daughter, Ki-fu-dian Smuggled Viktor and Zoya out of the ghetto and brought them to the home of Taisya Chi-Fu-Lin (whose father should have been Chinese), a close friend from the Chinese community throughout all the days of the occupation, this woman, who lived alone, hid the two children and looked after them with motherly devotion. to make sure that no one would discover the hidden children, she moved from one place to another, and in this way s**ed the lives of viktor and zoya.
after the war, chi-fu-lin married ki-fu-dian and she continued to raise his children with love and devotion. in later years, viktor and zoya immigrated to the united states.
Seeing the tragic fate of this family member, I couldn't help but think of the even more bizarre fate of the South Korean soldiers in the Nazi army.
In August 1910, Japan signed the Japan-Korea Merger Treaty with the Korean Empire, completely annexing Korea. They were forcibly drafted by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1938 and incorporated into the Japanese Kwantung Army of the puppet state of Manchuria. In 1939, during the Battle of Japan-Sunomenhan, these Korean soldiers were captured by the Soviet army. After the ceasefire between Japan and the Soviet Union, the Japanese prisoners of war were repatriated, but the Soviet army detained these Korean soldiers and sent them to the Gulag prison for **, because the Soviet Union did not consider them "prisoners of war".
After the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, the Soviet army was severely reduced, and under the shortage of manpower, these Korean prisoners were also integrated into the Soviet Red Army and thrown into the battlefield on the Eastern Front. As a result, they were captured by the Germans and put in prisoner-of-war camps. Later, the Wehrmacht began to recruit volunteers"Eastern Legion . These Soviet prisoners of Korean origin were also included"Oriental Battalion"Formation, was assigned to the Wehrmacht in Normandy with coastal defense tasks. After the battle began, they were captured by the American army.
From 1938 to 1944, the long six-year war, these Koreans went from the Japanese army, the Soviet Red Army, the German Wehrmacht, and finally became prisoners of the American army. After the end of World War II, most of these captured soldiers were repatriated to South Korea after their release, and they participated in the civil war on the Korean Peninsula.
When we lament the resilient Chinese in Ukraine and the Koreans who fought without dying, we have to say that they are all miserable and lucky miserable. How can we feel with grief and indignation: in the torrent produced by the great changes in history, each individual is like a flat boat in the rough sea, all your qualities and advantages are only the stabilizer and engine in the flat boat, and its effect cannot stop the treacherous clouds of the sky, let alone resist the vagaries of the sea, and we all living beings have to be wrapped up in the ups and downs of the sea. May the leaders of the world believe that "love" is the key to the elimination of hatred, and lead mankind to sensibly protect the world peace that has only been achieved through two world wars.
A Jew who is not on the list of the Righteous of the International with the greatest number of deliverers -- 12,000 Jews savior Wang Tifu
Wang Tifu was a staff member of the puppet Manchukuo embassy and consulate in Nazi Germany in Berlin, and he issued more than 12,000 visas, of which the first 7,000 visas were issued in response to the agreement between Germany and Manchukuo, and the last 5,000 visas were issued at great risk after convincing his superior, Lu Yiwen, the Manchukuo minister to Germany. The 12,000 visas he issued were also higher than the 2,000 issued by Ho.
Before the outbreak of World War II, Germany initially pursued a policy of exclusion rather than extermination, and the Nazis wanted to expel Jews from Germany. At that time, all European countries rejected Jews, and only the United States reluctantly agreed to admit them. The long sea route from Germany to the United States, in order to expel the Jews as soon as possible, Germany negotiated with the Soviet Union to allow the Jews to transit from the Soviet Union, enter Manchuria, and then from Shanghai to the United States. To this end, the German Foreign Minister summoned Lü Yiwen in May 1939 and asked him to apply for an entry visa to Manchukuo for Jews who had fled Germany.
After more than 7,000 visas were issued, World War II broke out, and at this time Germany had begun to establish concentration camps and launch a large-scale campaign against Jews. In September 1939, Germany hinted that the puppet Manchukuo embassy and consulates in Nazi Germany would no longer issue visas to Jews. Wang Tifu knew that the Jews who remained in Germany would be more than lucky, and he persuaded his superior, Lu Yiwen, the Manchukuo minister to Germany, to decide to continue to apply for visas in secret until he received instructions from Manchukuo, and tried not to let Germany know. In 1940, Manchukuo ordered Wang Tifu to stop issuing visas to Jews and return to China immediately. But Wang Tifu continued to issue transit visas until May 1940 on the train back to China. By the time he returned to China, Mr. Wang had issued more than 12,000 visas. He was the man who saved the lives of Jews the most in the world!
After the end of World War II, he was captured by the Soviet Union because of his status as a Manchukuo ** and imprisoned in a war criminal camp for 12 years. After returning to China, because of the experience of traitors, he was sent to be sent for another 22 years, and after he was in his 70s, he also worked as an old man for 10 years, and he can't help but say that the evening was miserable. In 2001, Wang Tifu died of illness in Harbin; When he died, the Israeli ambassador to China personally came to pay his respects.
After the collapse of Manchukuo, Lü Yiwen, who also helped the Jews, was sentenced to death by the Yunnan Provincial High Court in Kunming, 1946. But Lu Yiwen was not executed. In October 1950, when the 3rd Battalion of the 115th Regiment of the 39th Division of the 13th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was suppressing bandits in Simao, Yunnan, Lü Yiwen was killed.
Why was Wang Tifu, who saved Jews far more than He Fengshan, awarded the title of "International Righteous Man" and "Schindler of China"?
For there is an argument that his work of obtaining exit visas for German Jews from the spring of 1939 to May 1940 was not a spontaneous act, but the fulfillment of a great conspiracy by the Japanese: the puffer fish program.
Puffer fish is a poisonous fish, but its meat is so delicious that it must be eaten before you can taste it"Toxins"Remove. The Japanese, on the other hand, compared the Jews to puffer fish, believing that the Jews were a symbol of wealth and could give a certain plan to entrap the Jews to promote the development of Japan.
In 1938, the Japanese cabinet approved the proposal proposed four years earlier by Ayukawa Yoshisuke, a major entrepreneur in the Japanese steel industry"A plan to attract 50,000 German Jews to Manchukuo"In the context of this plan, there is an argument that it is difficult to say that Wang Tifu signed visas for Jews"Acts of kindness"。
Probably because of it"Puffer fish program"The existence of the king was not recognized by Israel as such"Righteous"It is possible that the Japanese were responsible for his act of handing out visas to Jews.
InternationalonA well-known figure of international justice
Oskar Schindler, a German businessman who saved 1,200 Jews.
gr**e of oskar schindler in the mount zion franciscan cemetery, jerusalem, israel. the german inscription reads: "oskar schindler, the unforgettable lifes**er of 1200 persecuted jews." the hebrew inscription reads: "righteous among the nations"
In 1962, after living in hardship and failing many ventures, he received a reward from the Jews he had rescued. “schindler jews” reached out to him with an offer — and money — to come to israel.
i am speechless after all of the sad experiences of recent times, for such wonderful help and a rescue at this most serious time,” he responded in 1962.
i am particularly proud that many of you, my dear and longtime friends, express the wish to welcome me in israel as a guest and friend, which was previously mostly reserved for german government members. of course, i would like to come,”
raoul gustaf wallenberg ，a swedish architect, businessman, diplomat.
he s**ed thousands of jews in german-occupied hungary. while serving as sweden's special envoy in budapest between july and december 1944, wallenberg issued protective passports and sheltered jews in buildings which he declared as swedish territory.
when soviet forces liberated budapest in february 1945, more than 100,000 jews remained, mostly because of the efforts of wallenberg and his colleagues.
wallenberg was last seen in the company of soviet officials on january 17, 1945, as the red army view this term in the glossary besieged budapest. he was presumably detained on suspicion of espionage and subsequently disappeared. a soviet government report in 1956 suggested that wallenberg had died on july 17, 1947, while imprisoned by soviet authorities at the infamous lubyanka prison in moscow.
nicholas winton, a british stockbroker, the s**iour of 669 jewish children .
winton assisted in the rescue of 669 children, most of them jewish, from czechoslovakia on the eve of world war ii.
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