As a form of protected land planting, small arch sheds play an important role in spring and autumn vegetable planting. Although its thermal insulation performance is not as good as that of greenhouses and solar greenhouses, it is favored by growers due to its small investment, easy construction, good management and durability.
The success of the early maturing cultivation of tomatoes in spring depends first of all on the choice of variety. Early maturing and cold-tolerant varieties with strong adaptability to temperature, high fruit setting rate, strong growth potential, high yield, and fruit color and flavor suitable for market needs should be selected. In the northern region, the selection of varieties is particularly critical due to the unstable temperature in early spring, the low ground temperature, and the limited thermal insulation performance of small arches. Some commonly used varieties include Xiyou 3, Xiyou 6, Fen 1, Naiyun 280, Chuntao, Mantian 209, Chunfen 1, Emerald, etc.
One of the key technologies for the success of early spring tomato cultivation is to cultivate age-appropriate and strong seedlings. Sowing is usually carried out from late December to early January of the following year, and the seedling age is 6070 days. In cold times, it is necessary to use electric hotbeds or brewed hotbeds. The suitable temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, and the temperature is kept at 2628 degrees during the day and above 20 degrees at night during the emergence period. After the seedling stage, it is necessary to give sufficient light and lower the temperature, especially at night. Attention should be paid to ventilation during the period from seedlings to 2 true leaves, and ventilation should be required when the temperature exceeds 25 degrees during the day. The seedlings were refined before seedling division at the time of 2 true leaves, and the temperature was maintained at 2022 degrees during the day and 1215 degrees Celsius at night, and then the seedlings were separated on sunny days. After seedling, it is necessary to increase the bed temperature, reduce ventilation, and promote hair roots. During the seedling 5 to 6 leaf period, appropriate ventilation should be carried out according to the temperature of normal management, while maintaining soil moisture** to prevent water shortage. About 7 days before planting, the seedlings are refined, and about 5 days before planting, the mounds are watered and then cut and dried.
Before planting, combined with 3 5 square meters of decomposed farmhouse fertilizer per mu, 80 100 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, deep ploughing and leveling furrows. The approximate time for planting is the end of March or early April, when the ground temperature of 10 cm is stable above 10. When planting, choose no wind and sunny days, plant about 4500 plants per mu, and the planting depth should be equal to the ground and cotyledons. Immediately after planting, the arch is inserted and covered with a canopy film.
After planting, the watering should not be too large, and the watering can be slightly larger after 34 days of planting. After slowing down the seedlings, carry out deep tillage, and control the watering and squatting the seedlings appropriately. To prevent flower drop caused by low temperatures, growth hormone can be used to dip the flowers. When the first ear of fruit has the size of a finger, top dressing, watering after top dressing, and then watering once every 67 days, watering should be appropriate to prevent too large or too small, so as to avoid the occurrence of hollow fruit or fruit umbilical rot. When the second fruit is formed, chase 1 more fertilizer. 1015 kg of urea and 40 kg of superphosphate per mu. When the temperature outside the shed rises and warms, gradually increase the ventilation volume, and the temperature is kept at 2325 degrees during the day and 13 to 17 degrees at night.
In the spring early maturing cultivation of small arch shed, single stem pruning should be carried out, leaving 3 ears of fruits per plant, and the number of fruits of each ear fruit is in order, and the number of fruits left by each plant is 10. When the side branches grow to 3 5 cm, they should be erased in time, and premature removal of the side branches will have a negative effect on root growth. Removing the side branches too late will lead to high nutrient depletion, affecting fruit growth, and the wound is too large to heal easily. Pruning is done on a sunny morning after the dew has dried. Two leaves should be left above the spike for topping on the main stem or side branches of the fruit, which can not only produce nutrients, but also provide shade for the upper fruit and prevent sunburn. If the 2nd spike of the plant is capped, one side branch can be left above the second spike, and 2 leaves can be left for topping after the fruit spike appears on the side branch.
The early cultivation of small arch sheds in spring is prone to diseases such as spot blight, early blight, late blight, leaf mold, and gray shoe. Under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, these diseases develop rapidly and cause serious harm. 50% carbendazim wettable powder 50001000 times liquid, or 1:1:200 Bordeaux liquid can be sprayed for control. From the seedling stage, spraying is carried out every 7 days, 23 times in a row, and another 23 times after planting. In order to promote early ripening, the fruit can be smeared with 100 mg of ethephon solution when the fruit is white, or sprayed with 8001000 mg of ethephon solution 710 days before the seedlings are pulled, so that the fruit can turn red 57 days earlier.
Timely pre-conditioning of diseases is also essential for the healthy growth of tomatoes. Choosing appropriate control measures, such as spraying carbendazim and other agents, can help avoid the harm of diseases such as spot blight and early blight. In addition, through the application of ethephon, the ripening time of the fruit can be effectively regulated and a bumper harvest can be achieved in advance.
In the early spring cultivation of tomatoes in small arch sheds, it is necessary to pay attention to the details of each link and use various technical measures scientifically and reasonably. This not only helps to increase the yield of tomatoes, but also makes them stand out in the market. Through continuous technological innovation and experience summary, it is believed that the early spring cultivation of tomatoes in small arch canopy will usher in a better development prospect. It is hoped that the technical guide in this article can provide a useful reference for the majority of farmers to achieve better results in the cultivation of tomatoes in small arched sheds.