Xian Xinghai, a famous Chinese people's family, has created such masterpieces as "Yellow River Cantata". It is a pity that he died young, and died of illness in the Soviet Union at the age of 40, which is regretted by countless people.
In Xian Xinghai's short life, many people don't know that this big ** family once had a deep intersection with ***. When the news of Xian Xinghai's death in the Soviet Union reached China, he personally held a grand memorial service for him, and also wrote a couplet: Mourn for Comrade Xian Xinghai, the people's family.
Let's take a look at the story between the people's leader and the people's ** family, how did they meet?**What kind of influence did it have on Xian Xinghai's creation?Under what circumstances was the Yellow River Cantata composed?Why did Xian Xinghai go to the Soviet Union, and why did he die of illness in the Soviet Union at a young age?
Xian Xinghai. Xian Xinghai was born in Macau, lived with his mother Huang Suying since he was a child, and followed his mother to Singapore at the age of 6 to study Xi. His talent was appreciated by the teachers in the school, and he embarked on the road at a young age under the guidance of the teacher, and began to learn Xi basic knowledge and some musical instruments.
In 1918, Xian Xinghai's mother tried every means to send the teenage Xian Xinghai to Lingnan University (now Sun Yat-sen University) in Guangzhou for her son's further study of Xi Xi**. In fact, the financial situation of the mother and son is very tight, and Xian Xinghai is studying Xi in school while working part-time to subsidize the family.
Fortunately, Xian Xinghai's academic Xi is very good, he was invited to play in the band, and was also invited to some primary and secondary schools as a teacher, and gradually had some income. In 1926, Xian Xinghai was admitted to the ** Xi Institute of Peking University, and then transferred from Guangzhou to Beijing to study, when he was only 21 years old.
Old photo of Lingnan University.
The following year, Xian Xinghai transferred from his school in Beijing to Shanghai National ** College to study Xi, majoring in violin and piano. At this time, Xian Xinghai already had a certain degree of attainment, and was able to publish some ** articles in the school's journal.
However, Xian Xinghai's study path is only the beginning, and the later experience of studying Xi in France is a turning point in his creative path. In 1929, Xian Xinghai was dropped out of Shanghai National ** College because of his participation in the ** Movement, and he decided to go to France to continue his studies in Xi**.
With the help of a friend, Xian Xinghai stepped on a cargo ship to go abroad, and he didn't need to buy a ticket, but did hard labor on the ship. In 1930, Xian Xinghai finally arrived in France, and at the recommendation of the Chinese violinist Ma Sicong, he studied violin with the concertmaster of the Paris Opera Orchestra Oberdofair, and soon studied Xi Xi composition with the famous ** professor Garon.
Old photo of Shanghai National ** College.
These two ** professors learned that Xian Xinghai's economic situation was not good, so they did not charge him tuition. Xian Xinghai worked part-time while studying Xi, and under extremely difficult circumstances, he also created "Wind", and thus entered the Paris ** Academy to study Xi.
Xian Xinghai has studied Xi in France for 5 years, and has a deep research on Western modern composition. In 1395, Professor Duka, who introduced him to the ** Xi in Paris, died of illness, and Xian Xinghai ended his Xi at the school, and with the help of his friends, he returned to China on a free cargo ship.
At this time, the country was in a period of war, and after Xian Xinghai returned to China, he joined the anti-Japanese war song writing activities, and also composed music for many movies and dramas, and became famous in the domestic world.
In 1936, Xian Xinghai participated in the rescue propaganda activities of the Shanghai Federation of Students, and the Kuomintang authorities sent security teams to stop the students from marching. Although no shots were fired at the scene, the muzzles of the security team's guns were already aimed at the students.
1936 Shanghai Student Rescue Activities.
The young poet Saike handed over a poem to Xian Xinghai, who was at gunpoint, composed a score in 5 minutes, and sang on the spot, "The muzzle of the gun is facing outward." At first, only the students sang it, but later the surrounding people were also infected and sang together. The soldiers of the security team were also brought in, and a mess subsided.
In 1937, the Japanese army occupied Shanghai, Xian Xinghai and a large number of literary and art workers went to Wuhan together, met Guo Moruo and others, and began to preside over the work of the Anti-Japanese War. During this time, Xian Xinghai composed many anti-Japanese songs, such as "Defending Lugou Bridge", "On Taihang Mountain" and so on.
In 1938, Yan'an Lu Xun Art Institute invited Xian Xinghai to teach many times, Xian Xinghai had long longed for Yan'an, the holy land of revolution, and he rushed to Yan'an with his fiancée Qian Yunling.
After arriving in Yan'an, Xian Xinghai often met with *** on various occasions, and he had a very good impression of this CCP leader, feeling that *** did not look like a politician at all, but like a humorous scholar.
**。The first time Xian Xinghai saw *** was on December 9, 1938, when the "129" commemorative meeting was held in the playground of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University. Before the official start of the conference, the young Xian Xinghai taught all the members to sing the "129 Memorial Song" on stage, and taught and sang it twice in a row.
Just at this time, *** came over, first shook hands with Xian Xinghai, and then shook hands with all the representatives on the stage one by one, and after shaking hands, he pulled everyone to take a seat on the rostrum. **Take the initiative to speak: "Your name is Xian Xinghai, right?"”
Xian Xinghai was a little surprised, and replied, "Yes, Chairman." You're so busy and you know my name.
**Haha laughed: "*Comrade said." The revolutionary camp cannot win without intellectuals. We, the intellectuals, must mingle with the workers, peasants and soldiers. **Home often starts out as 'art for art's sake', and then gradually becomes 'art for the motherland';If the thinking is changed, it will develop into 'art for the people' and become a communist fighter." This is the people's home. ”
Xian Xinghai plays the violin.
**After saying this, Mr. Li Gongfu, the chairman of the conference, invited him to speak on stage. This is Xian Xinghai's first conversation with ***, which is very brief, but it has affected Xian Xinghai's life, and in the end, Xian Xinghai has indeed become the people's **home.
Xian Xinghai's time in Yan'an was the first period of his creation, and almost all of his well-known works were created during this period. Xian Xinghai's creative inspiration mostly comes from the people and the Anti-Japanese War, and he has made a lot of soul-shaking works.
In the spring of 1939, Xian Xinghai's old friend Xia Tong came to Yan'an to find Xian Xinghai to catch up: "Old classmate!."The people have given you a lot of hope and are very concerned about your progress. ”
Xian Xinghai looked at Xia Tong a little puzzled, how can you talk about ***?Xia Tong explained: "Yesterday, after I finished reporting to ***, he knew that you were my old acquaintance, and asked me to take you to meet him, and I wanted to ask you questions about **!."”
**Speak. The next day, Xian Xinghai and Xia Tong came to ***'s residence together, but saw *** holding a pickaxe to open up the land on the slope in front of the house. **Seeing the two of them coming, he put down his pickaxe and shook hands with Xian Xinghai: "Welcome, Comrade Xian Xinghai, the people's **family." ”
Xian Xinghai asked casually: "Chairman, you are so busy with work, why did you start a wasteland?"* was stunned, and asked with a smile: "It is *** decided to open up the wasteland, and I also raised my hand, why can I make an exception?"”
Xia Tong on the side interjected: "Chairman, on the issue of wasteland reclamation and production, Comrade Xinghai's opinion is a little different from yours!."”
**Say: "So that's the case, it's good to have a disagreement!."Comrade Xinghai, tell me about your different opinions. ”
**AND***
Xian Xinghai was teased by the two of them, and was a little embarrassed, but he still said: "You are the chairman, wouldn't it be more meaningful to think more about the major events of resisting Japan and saving the country?"”
** waved his hand and said, "No, I can't agree with your opinion." Comrade Xinghai, it is of strategic significance to open up wasteland for production. If we want to fulfill the great national task of resisting Japan and saving the country, the first condition is to have food to eat, and the second condition is to have clothes to wear. Where do you get all this food and clothing?Do you want to levy them from the people in the border areas and base areas?No, the burden on the people is heavy, and we can only use our hands to produce to save ourselves!”
Xian Xinghai didn't speak, as if he was thinking about ***'s words, ** continued: "Comrade Xinghai, I am the chairman, not only to take the lead in clearing wasteland production, but also to ask you artists to participate in the ranks of wasteland production, more than the first poet to participate in agricultural production, Tao Yuanming." His poem 'planting beans in the south of the mountain, the grass is full of beans and seedlings. 'I believe that your teachers and students in Lu Yi must be much stronger than him!”
**Talk to the farmers in Yan'an.
This is so humorous that everyone can't help but laugh. ** Take two people to the direction of the cave, and continue to say as you go: "I am from Hunan, and you two are from Guangdong, and you are half skilled in planting rice. Planting millet in Yan'an has become a complete layman. Comrade Xinghai, you can fish, grow rice, and then learn to grow millet, which is much more clever than Master Confucius!”
Xian Xinghai originally had some ideas about wasteland, but after listening to ***'s explanation, he understood and figured it out, and said: "Chairman, I understand, after I go back, I will definitely take the lead in clearing wasteland and strive to be a production model." ”
** nodded and laughed: "Okay, good!".That's right. I don't know if there is a precedent for composers to grow food in Europe, but it is unprecedented in our country. Of course, while you grow food, you can't afford to leave behind the production of spiritual food. In other words, the people need you to write more!Comrade Xinghai, write a song for Yan'an's wasteland reclamation and production movement. ”
Saying that, the three of them entered the cave, ** asked Xian Xinghai to sit down, Xia Tong picked up the teapot to pour water for everyone, ** hurriedly stopped: "This is not good!."In the tradition of our ancestors, there is no such thing as a guest pouring water for the owner. ”
**Yangjialing Cave.
Xia Tong's mind was full of energy, and he asked, "Chairman!."I have heard the commander-in-chief say that you have asked our comrades to work in a new place, not to be guests, but to be anti-guest. Is this true?”
Subconsciously said: "Said it, said it."
Xia Tong smiled and said, "Chairman, today I will also be anti-guest-oriented." ”
Haha laughed and said, "Your cleverness has been used in me!".”
After speaking, he said to Xian Xinghai: "Comrade Xinghai, on the issue of pouring water, I lost to Comrade Xia Tong. It seems that people are very smart, and it would be nice if we could combine the wisdom of many people. ”
Xian Xinghai said: "You said it so well!."If I could concentrate the strengths of composers from three different genres, I would definitely be able to cry out better for the salvation of the anti-Japanese movement. ”
Xian Xinghai's operation.
**Say: "You need to work hard to learn Xi, and never stop learning Xi!."Comrade Xinghai, you are an expert in **, I am a real **blind, at most a **lover**. I would like to ask you such a question: From the perspective of the history of the West, the size of an artist's achievements should be related to the establishment of his own national art school, right?”
Xian Xinghai replied seriously: "Yes, it is very related." The historical merits of Chopin in Poland, Liszt in Hungary, Dvořák in Czechoslovakia and others are lifelong struggles for the establishment of the ** school of their own nation and country. My mentor, Professor Ducasse, at the École de Paris, is also famous for founding the Impressionism in modern French history”
**Obviously interested, happily said, "Yes, that's right!".Comrade Xinghai, the genre of art is probably restricted by the conditions of this era, nationality, region and so on. Have you thought about it?How to establish a scientific and national school of thought that is popular among the vast number of workers, peasants and soldiers through arduous creative practice!”
Xian Xinghai. Xian Xinghai lowered his head and thought about it, and said seriously: "This is a big topic. However, your words have inspired me to consciously work hard for the establishment of the Chinese nation's ** school in my future creative practice!”
Nodding in agreement, the two talked a lot about cultural creation, and a guard walked in and asked if he wanted to prepare a meal, and instructed: "Prepare two more meals." Also, add an extra plate of fried shredded pork and an egg broth. ”
Xian Xinghai said embarrassedly: "Chairman, so I am uneasy." Xia Tong said very cheerfully: "I'm hungry, so I'll come to the chairman's house as a guest!."”
** Laughed again: "It seems that politicians and artists are different!."Comrade Xia Tong, if you act as an observer again.
Xia Tong immediately continued: "You don't allow me to eat that plate of fried shredded pork, right?"”
Xian Xinghai. ** and Xian Xinghai were both amused.
Soon after this conversation, Xian Xinghai composed "Production Cantata" according to ***'s proposal.
On May 11th, Lu Xun Academy of Arts held an anniversary meeting, and *** was also present that evening. Xian Xinghai will officially conduct the "Yellow River Cantata" for the first time, in fact, the choir of more than 100 people has been connected for a long time, but this is the first time that the public performance is performed.
The majestic momentum of the Yellow River Cantata immediately shocked everyone present, and ** was even more fascinated by it. When the whole performance was finished, ** couldn't help but stand up from his seat suddenly, clapping his hands and exclaiming: "Good!".Good!Xian Xinghai himself was also very excited, lying in bed and unable to sleep all night.
On June 14, Xian Xinghai joined the Communist Party of China. Later, he composed "918 Cantata", and also composed music for some dramas, and the creation was very frequent.
Xian Xinghai conducted the chorus.
In 1940, the CCP decided to send several people to the Soviet Union for investigation, and Xian Xinghai was listed as one of the candidates. One day in May, Zhou Yang found Xian Xinghai and asked him to go to the cave in Yangjialing *** before dinner, and asked him to bring his wife Qian Yunling and daughter Xiao Nina.
Xian Xinghai saw that the time was about the same, so he took his wife and woman to ***'s residence, ** was very happy. After a while, another comrade, Yuan Muzhi, who was going to the Soviet Union with him, also came, and chatted with everyone about serious matters: "Comrade Xinghai, is there any difficulty for the party to send you to the Soviet Union?"”
Xian Xinghai said: "Difficult, I haven't thought about it yet. The only worry is that I won't be able to complete the task. ”
**Question: "Can you speak Russian?".”
Xian Xinghai and Yuan Muzhi said, "We can learn, chairman." ”
The premiere of the Yellow River Cantata.
** nodded with satisfaction and said: "Comrade Stalin is a loyal friend of the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people. Since the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the situation has been difficult, and it was Comrade Stalin who came to our aid. This time, if you can see him, greet him on my behalf. ”
Xian Xinghai and Yuan Muzhi assured: "We will definitely do it." ”
Talking about dinner time, it was time to call,** At this time, calling them had the intention of seeing off a few people, so they naturally wanted to stay and eat. The guard knew what he was thinking, so he went to a nearby villager's house to buy a chicken, and there was meat and vegetarian food on the dinner table.
When a plate of chicken offal fried chili peppers was served, ** smiled: "The chili peppers are very good, I can eat an extra bowl of rice." (Hunan people, the Xi of eating on weekdays is no spicy or unhappy, so they like all kinds of chili stir-fried dishes very much.) ）
Xian Xinghai knew that chicken was a high-end dish in Yan'an, so he used chopsticks to clip a piece of chicken and put it in a *** bowl. ** humorously said: "Isn't this a hubbuo?"”
Yuan Muzhi. Enjoy a great meal. After dinner, ** instructed the two of them some details of going to the Soviet Union.
**: At present, only the Kuomintang and the Soviet Union have diplomatic relations, and you will go through the exit procedures by the ** Ministry when you go to Xi'an, but do not write your real name in your passport, for the sake of confidentiality and security.
Qian Yunling listened to ***'s words, quietly pulled Xian Xinghai's arm, and said softly: "I thought of an idea, your name can follow your mother's surname, follow my mother's name, and connect it to Huang Xun." ”
Although Qian Yunling's voice was very low, she naturally heard it, and immediately agreed: "It's very good, it's called this name." ”
Within a few days, Xian Xinghai said goodbye to his wife and daughter and embarked on a journey to the Soviet Union. No one thought that this farewell would be goodbye. Xian Xinghai arrived in Moscow, the Soviet Union, in 1940, but in September 1941, the Soviet-German War broke out in the Soviet Union, and Moscow fell into chaos.
Xian Xinghai in the Soviet Union.
Xian Xinghai was about to return to China through Mongolia at this time, but after arriving at the border between Mongolia and China, he was obstructed by the Xinjiang warlord Sheng Shicai and could not return to China through the border. As a result, Xian Xinghai could only wander in Mongolia and Kazakhstan, with great economic difficulties, and his health was getting worse and worse.
In 1944, when the Soviet-German War and the Sino-Japanese War were coming to an end, Xian Xinghai was rescued and sent back to Moscow. But by this time his condition was already very bad, suffering from hepatoma, peritonitis, heart disease, and after several rounds he was admitted to a Moscow hospital**. But at this time, no matter how good the hospital and the doctor were, he died in Moscow in October 1945 at the age of 40.
The news came back to Yan'an, and ** and *** institutions were about to move from Yan'an to Xibaipo. **postponed the move plan for a day, and held a memorial service for Xian Xinghai, all of whom felt sorry and mourned for such a talented **family.