1.Introduction.
The lighting design of power plants is mainly based on the "Technical Regulations for Lighting Design of Power Plants and Substations" DL T5390-2014 (hereinafter referred to as the "Lighting Standard") and the "Fire Protection Standard for the Design of Thermal Power Plants and Substations" GB50229-2019 (hereinafter referred to as the "Fire Protection Standard"), and the emergency lighting is divided into standby lighting and evacuation lighting, and the power supply voltage is 380V 220V, which is not related to the automatic fire alarm system. After the implementation of the new standard in March 2019, comprehensive and systematic requirements are put forward for the design of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems installed in buildings and structures, and the selection of system types is closely related to the form of automatic fire alarm system. The supporting national building standard design atlas "Emergency Lighting Design and Installation" 19D702-7 was published on September 1, 2019, which is suitable for the design and installation of emergency lighting for new, reconstructed and expanded civil buildings and general industrial buildings. Since the new standard does not exclude the applicability of power generation and buildings, this paper compares the common and different clauses between the lighting and fire protection standards of power plants and the new standards, and sets up the technical scheme of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system in thermal power generation to meet the requirements of building electrical fire protection design review based on the new standard.
2.Selection of system type and system composition in the power plant.
2.1. System type selection.
The new standard stipulates that a centralized control system should be used in places where a fire control room is set up: a centralized control system should be used in places where an automatic fire alarm system is set up but no fire control room is set up. Thermal power generation, the form of automatic fire alarm system is determined according to the capacity of a single unit, and the power generation with a single capacity of 200MW and above adopts the alarm system of the control center: the power plant with a single capacity of 50MW-200MW adopts a centralized alarm system, and the fire control room should be set up in both forms. Most of the small-capacity generator sets with a single capacity of less than 50MW adopt a centralized alarm system, even if a regional alarm system is adopted, in order to facilitate the daily maintenance of the system, a centralized control system is also adopted. The selection of system types within thermal power plants is shown in Table 1.
2.2. Centralized control system composition.
The installation height of fire emergency lamps and lanterns in power generation is less than 8m, and A-type lamps and lanterns should be selected, and the composition of the centralized control system is shown in Figure 1. The system is composed of emergency lighting controller, A-type emergency lighting centralized power supply, A-type emergency lighting distribution box, centralized power supply centralized control fire emergency lamps, self-contained battery centralized control fire emergency lamps and related accessories. The main power generation room is equipped with a fire control room and a low-voltage distribution room for the unit, and most of the auxiliary plants are equipped with a low-voltage power center (PC) or a motor control intermediate (MCC) distribution room, which can be used for centralized power supply and centralized power supply centralized control fire emergency lamps and lanterns. The rest of the auxiliary plants, such as fire pump rooms, coal trestles and coal tunnels, etc., are independent fire partitions, but do not have the environmental requirements of centralized power installation, emergency lighting distribution boxes and fire emergency lamps with their own batteries can be used. In the public building in the non-production area, the centralized power supply can be set up in the low-voltage distribution room or electrical shaft in the building, and if the installation conditions are not met, the emergency lighting distribution box and the fire emergency lamps with their own battery centralized control can be used.
3.The range of fire backup lighting and evacuation lighting in the power plant.
The classification of emergency lighting in power plants, where they are installed, and how they relate to the new standard are determined by the specifications shown in Figure 2. Power generation) lighting standards are coordinated with power plant fire protection standards, and emergency lighting includes backup lighting and evacuation lighting. Building lighting standards are harmonized with building fire codes, and emergency lighting includes backup lighting, evacuation lighting, and safety lighting. In the two sets of lighting standards, the definitions of backup lighting and evacuation lighting are basically the same. The new standard includes two concepts: fire evacuation lighting and fire standby lighting, which is divided into fire standby lighting and non-fire standby lighting (i.e., normal standby lighting). It is clear that the backup lighting set up in the area that still needs to work and be on duty in the event of a fire such as the refuge room (floor) and the power distribution room, the fire control room, the fire pump room and the self-provided generator room belongs to the fire backup lighting, and the low illumination of the backup lighting should not be lower than the illumination of the normal lighting, which is basically consistent with the requirements of the building design fire protection code. In addition to this, these places should also be equipped with evacuation lighting and evacuation signs. After dividing the standby lighting in the power generation and the fire protection standard according to this principle, the workplace of fire standby lighting and evacuation lighting is shown in Table 2, and the installation place of evacuation lighting in public buildings is directly in accordance with the new standard No. 32.5 executions.
4.The illuminance of fire emergency lighting in the power plant and the continuous power supply time of the battery.
4.1. Fire backup lighting.
The lighting standard stipulates that except for the control room, which is set at 30% normal illumination, the standby lighting of the rest of the workplace can be selected according to 10% and 15% of the normal lighting illuminance value; The battery of the emergency light with its own power supply shall not be less than 60min. The standby lighting illuminance values of the places shown in Table 3 should be implemented according to the new standard.
4.2. Evacuation lighting.
The illuminance requirements for evacuation lighting in the fire protection standards of power plants are basically the same as those of the new standards, and can be uniformly implemented according to the new standards. The new standard requires that the battery power supply of fire emergency lamps and lanterns should meet the continuous working time in the fire state during its whole life cycle (should not be less than 05h) and the emergency lighting time in the non-fire state (should not exceed 0..)5h). Therefore, the continuous working time of the battery power supply of fire emergency lamps in the power plant can be 05h～1.The value is taken between 0h.
5. Principles of fire emergency lighting configuration in power plants.
5.1. Centralized control room of the main plant and emergency lighting configuration.
The fire control room and the centralized control room in the power plant are combined and set up, that is, the centralized control room doubles as the fire control room, and the main control room is the production dispatch center of the whole plant, which is manned 24 hours a day, and in the event of a fire, the fire protection operation can be organically combined with the production scheduling. The standby lighting setting of the power generation centralized control room has clear requirements: the illuminance is selected according to 30% of the normal illuminance value, and the battery DC system is used for power supply; The main ring should be equipped with DC constant light mode of backup lighting, according to 10% of the normal illuminance value. Combined with the requirements of the new standard, the emergency lighting in the centralized control room of the power plant can be configured according to Table 4.
5.2. Emergency lighting configuration of diesel generator room, power distribution room, and fire pump room.
According to the mandatory provisions of the fire protection standard, the emergency lighting of the diesel generator room of 200MW and above units shall be powered by the battery DC system; When it is difficult to obtain power from the battery or security power supply, the emergency light with its own power supply should be used: the emergency lighting of the unit below 200MW should be powered by the battery DC system, and the emergency lighting in the important places far away from the main plant can be used for emergency lighting.
Except for the emergency lighting used to continue working outside the control room, the * low illumination on the working surface is not less than 10% 15% of the normal lighting illuminance value (15% is taken in this article). According to the new standard, the emergency lighting of the diesel generator room, power distribution room and fire pump room of the power plant can be configured according to Table 4.
6. Fire backup lighting, evacuation lighting, power supply and distribution system in the power plant.
6.1. The load level of fire emergency lighting in the power plant.
Fire emergency lighting belongs to fire-fighting equipment, the load level division of the fire load of the production plant in the power plant should comply with the national standard, and the fire load level of other public buildings should comply with the building design fire protection code. The outdoor fire water consumption of public buildings in non-production areas of the power plant, such as the administrative office building in front of the plant, the dormitory canteen, etc., is generally 25L s.
6.2. Fire emergency lighting and power distribution scheme in the power plant.
In order to minimize the impact of the emergency lighting circuit on the DC system and ensure the reliable operation of the unit control, protection, automatic devices and other circuits, the power supply category of the emergency lighting of the main plant is set as OIII class. Two machines and one control centralized control room, it is advisable to independently set up a DC lighting box and AC lighting box with automatic switching of dual power supplies, as the fire power distribution box in the area, for the fire protection in the control room) standby lighting and the A type centralized power supply in the fire protection zone, and the DC screen AC security bus of the two units provides fire power supply
1) When the diesel generator room of the main room and the single room belong to the same fireproof partition, the standby lighting box can be set up separately or combined according to the layout to supply power for the indoor (fire) standby lighting and the A-type centralized power supply in the fireproof partition, and the fire power supply is provided by the AC security bus. The DC emergency lighting of the diesel generator room is powered by the DC screen of the unit, and the unit below 200miw has a battery DC system, and it is not required to set up an AC security power supply.
2) The centralized control room should be independently set up with a standby lighting box to supply power to the (fire-fighting) standby lighting in the control room and the A-type centralized power supply in the fireproof partition, and the AC and DC inverter screen of the unit should be connected to the fire-fighting power supply. 10% of the DC ever-bright lamp is powered by the DC screen of the unit
The main plant is equipped with a single room standby lighting and power distribution scheme, which needs to consider the impact on the battery capacity of the unit, and set up a standby lighting box in combination with the layout to supply power for the backup lighting (firefighting) in the distribution room and the A-type centralized power supply in the same fireproof zone. Among them, no less than 1%% of the standby lighting should be powered by the AC and DC inverter screen of the unit, and the rest can be connected by the extensive low-voltage bus. Power generation auxiliary plants and public buildings in non-production areas need to be combined with the fire power load level, fire partition division and the number of distribution circuits to set up an independent standby lighting box or combined with the normal lighting box, A type centralized power supply can be powered by the fire power supply box of the same fire protection zone, or the use of fire emergency circuit power supply, fire power supply by the power distribution room bus in the building. The auxiliary room distribution room and the fire pump room should also be equipped with no less than 15% of the emergency lights with their own power supply according to the requirements of Table 4.
6.3. Selection and laying of fire emergency lighting wires in power plants.
The distribution line of fire emergency lighting should meet the needs of maintaining power in the event of a fire. Due to the large amount of cables and compact layout in the production plant of the power plant, it is difficult to take effective fireproof separation between the power cables, and the emergency lighting distribution lines should be fire-resistant cables: public buildings in non-production areas, such as fire-resistant cables, should also be laid separately from other distribution lines in different cable channels, otherwise they should be arranged on both sides of the cable well and ditch, and mineral insulated cables should be used. When concealing, the pipe should be threaded and laid in a non-combustible structure, and the thickness of the protective layer should not be less than 30mm.
In addition, fire-resistant cables should also be used in the power distribution circuit of fire backup lighting. In the centralized control system, in addition to the corrosion-resistant rubber cables for the distribution lines of the sign lights installed on the ground, the distribution lines of the rest of the fire emergency lamps should be made of fire-resistant cables.
7.Ankerui fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system selection plan.
7.1. System Overview.
The fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system is mainly composed of several parts, such as emergency lighting controller, fire emergency lighting centralized power supply or emergency lighting distribution box, fire emergency lamps and lanterns. This system can meet the needs of data exchange and sharing with Acrelems enterprise microgrid management cloud platform or automatic fire alarm system.
When the system is used with the fire alarm controller, the equipment in the system is monitored and controlled in real time at ordinary times, which is convenient for daily management and maintenance and ensures the stable operation of the system. Based on this, it is guaranteed that in the event of a fire, it can accurately change the direction of the fire emergency sign lamp, light up the fire emergency lighting, help the people in the building choose the escape and evacuation route, guide the safe escape direction, ensure the personal safety of the masses, and solve the worries of all kinds of users.
7.2. Application place.
It is suitable for fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems in various industries such as residences, hotels, office buildings, complexes, hospitals, tunnel pipe corridors, rail transit, basements, warehouses, factories, etc.
7.3. System structure.
7.4. System functions.
7.4.1. The main interface of the system operation.
It includes a toolbar, a flat display, a layer list, and a status bar, which can intuitively view the running status of the monitoring equipment, and directly switch to the specific location of the fault according to the actual content of the status bar.
7.4.2. Lamp configuration interface.
You can check the status and quantity of all luminaires.
7.4.3. Information interface.
You can view historical operations, faults, and event information, and query them by date.
7.4.4. Permission management interface.
It is mainly composed of emergency start, emergency stop and manual fire alarm, emergency start and stop are used to test whether the emergency function of the equipment is normal, and the manual fire alarm test is then the start of the system under the specific ignition point.
Conclusion. In addition to setting up evacuation lighting and 100% illumination fire backup lighting according to the new standard, the lighting and fire protection standards should also be complied with, and the corresponding DC emergency lighting should be set up, and the load level of the emergency lighting should not be lower than the fire protection standard.
GB51309 is a comprehensive and systematic engineering and technical standard that expounds the design requirements of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems, which is compiled by a number of fire protection units and architectural design institutes, and has certain differences with the power generation standard, but the new standard does not exclude the applicability of power generation buildings. This paper gives the design scheme from the aspects of system type selection, application scope, parameter configuration, power supply and distribution system and wire selection, but whether the technical standards for fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems are applicable to power generation and how to coordinate with the standards still need to be solved and solved.