With the development of society and the increasing competition in the market, if enterprises want to develop continuously and healthily in the fierce competitive environment, they must continuously improve their core competitiveness, enhance their corporate image, reasonably control their costs and expenditures, and promote the sustainable development of enterprises. The qualification of high-tech enterprises is conducive to enhancing the corporate image, obtaining first-class subsidies, reducing the income tax rate, and laying a good foundation for the strategic development of enterprise investment and financing, IPO listing, etc. It is of great significance to the enterprise to obtain the qualification of high-tech enterprise.
Innovation evaluation ability is one of the eight conditions for the identification of high-tech enterprises, including intellectual property rights, transformation of scientific and technological achievements, research and development organization and management level and enterprise growth four parts, in the previous high-tech enterprise identification article, the wisdom of the shopkeeper has shared with you intellectual property rights, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, research and development organization and management level of the three major enterprise innovation ability evaluation indicators of the high-score strategy, now from the perspective of practical operation, and share with you, how to correctly evaluate the growth score of enterprises, It is of great significance for enterprises to decide whether to participate in the identification of high-tech enterprises.
Although the state and local governments have actively carried out the identification of high-tech enterprises and the opening of application guidance lectures, because many small and micro enterprises do not have relevant knowledge reserves, resulting in various obstacles to the actual implementation, many enterprises still do not calculate the growth indicators of high-tech enterprises.
In a sense, the correct evaluation of the growth score of the enterprise affects whether the enterprise needs to invest manpower, material resources and financial resources to apply for the recognition of high enterprises.
1. Calculation methods and scoring criteria for enterprise growth
According to the notice of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on revising and issuing the "Guidelines for the Management of the Identification of High-tech Enterprises" (Guo Ke Fa Huo [2016] No. 195), in the identification of high-tech enterprises, financial experts select two major indicators of the growth rate of net assets and sales revenue growth rate to evaluate the growth of enterprises.
a) Calculation formula.
1. Net asset growth rate.
Net Asset Growth Rate 1 2 (Net Assets at the End of the Second Year Net Assets at the End of the First Year Net Assets at the End of the Third Year Net Assets at the End of the Second Year) 1
Net assets = total assets Total liabilities = total owner's equity, total assets and total liabilities shall be subject to the end of the accounting statement of the enterprise certified by a qualified intermediary agency. From the owner's equity in the balance sheet, the net asset growth rate can be accurately calculated according to the above formula.
2. Growth rate of sales revenue.
Sales revenue growth rate 1 2 (2nd year sales revenue 1st year sales revenue 3rd year sales revenue 2nd year sales revenue) 1
Sales revenue = main business income + other business income, calculated according to the caliber of the annual tax return of enterprise income tax. The growth rate can be calculated from the audited income statement (income statement) of the company.
3. Precautions.
1) If the growth rate of net assets or sales revenue of the enterprise is negative, it shall be calculated as 0 points;
2) If the net assets or sales revenue at the end of the first year is 0, it will be calculated according to the next two years; If the net assets or sales revenue at the end of the second year is 0, it will be calculated as 0 points.
2) Scoring criteria.
The above two indicators are respectively compared with the evaluation grade (ABCDEF) in the following table to obtain the scores, and the two scores are added together to calculate the comprehensive score of the enterprise growth index.
Therefore, if an enterprise wants to obtain a score of 9-10 in the growth of the enterprise, it needs to have a value-added rate of more than 35%. Affected by the epidemic, the sales revenue of many enterprises will decline in 2020.
2. Case sharing of enterprise growth
After reading the calculation methods and scoring criteria for enterprise growth, many people still have a lot of doubts about accurately calculating the growth of enterprises:
1. The company has been established for one year and has sales revenue, why is the growth rate 0 points?
2. Under the influence of the epidemic, sales input is declining, is it impossible to apply for high-tech enterprises?
3. The net assets are negative in the first 2 years and positive in the 3rd year, how to calculate the score?
4. The company has been established for less than two years, should the growth calculation formula be divided by 2?
According to the conditions for the recognition of high-tech enterprises, if the enterprise has been registered for more than one year when applying for recognition, that is, it has been registered for more than 365 calendar days, it meets the recognition conditions in the time dimension. According to the precautions of the above calculation method, we divide the growth of enterprises into three types: more than 1 fiscal year for the establishment of the enterprise, more than 2 fiscal years for the establishment of the enterprise, and more than 3 fiscal years for the establishment of the enterprise.
According to the requirements of high-tech enterprises, if the application is less than one year old, the application for high-tech enterprises cannot be carried out, so there is no need to discuss its growth.
(1) It has been established for more than one fiscal year
Case 1: Company A was established on February 1, 2020, and the deadline for Chongqing high-tech enterprises in 2021 is August 30, so Company A must meet the requirements for more than 1 year before the deadline, assuming that the sales revenue of Company A in 2020 is X and the net assets are Y. How to calculate the score of its enterprise growth index?
Analysis: In accounting statements, net assets can be positive, 0 and negative; Sales revenue is only positive and 0. Since a one-year-old enterprise only has one-year financial data, and there is no other annual data to compare, it cannot reflect the growth, so regardless of whether the net assets are positive or negative, its growth is calculated as 0 points.
(2) The enterprise has been established for more than 2 fiscal years
Case 2: Company B was established on November 10, 2019, and the deadline for the recognition of high-tech enterprises in 2021 is August 30. Net assets in 2019 are recorded as x1 and sales revenue are recorded as y1; Net assets in 2020 are recorded as x2 and sales revenue are recorded as y2. As shown in the table below:
Analysis: According to the requirements of the "Work Guidelines" scoring standard precautions, if the actual operation period of the enterprise is less than three years, it will be calculated according to the actual operation time, and since enterprise B was established in 2019, the enterprise can provide financial data for 2 fiscal years and calculate the growth index of the enterprise according to the standard of 2 years.
1. Calculation of net assets
1）x1＞0，x2＞0
Substituting the formula, if the actual operation period of the enterprise is less than three years, it shall be calculated according to the actual operation time. Therefore, instead of multiplying 1 2, the net asset growth rate x0 = (x2 x1)-1, if x0 35%, the net asset score is 9-10 points, which is a grade, and so on, you can determine the score of the net assets of enterprise B.
2）x1=0，x2＞0；x1＞0，x2=0；
If the net assets at the end of the second year are 0, the net assets score will be 0. By analogy, when x2=0, the net worth score is the same as 0.
3）x1＜0，x2＞0；
Since x1 0, since the net worth in 2019 is calculated as 0, the net worth score is still 0 at this time. By analogy, when x2=0, the net worth score is the same as 0.
Conclusion: In the case of x1 0, x2 0 and x2 x1, the net worth will be scored. When x1 0 or x2 0, the net worth is 0 points.
2. Calculation method of sales revenue.
1）y1＞0,y2＞0
Substituting the formula, if the actual operation period of the enterprise is less than three years, it shall be calculated according to the actual operation time. Therefore, without multiplying by 1 2, the sales revenue growth rate Y0 = (Y2 Y1)-1, if Y0 35%, the net asset score is 9-10 points, which is A grade, and so on, you can determine the score of the net assets of enterprise B.
2） y1=0,y2＞0
If the sales revenue at the end of the second year is 0, it will be calculated as 0 points, and the sales revenue score of enterprise B will be 0 points.
From the above calculation method, it can be seen that for enterprises established for more than 1 year, if they can provide financial data for 2 fiscal years, they can consider applying for high-tech enterprises if one of the sales revenue appreciation rate or net asset appreciation rate is greater than 5%, or the sales revenue appreciation rate and net asset appreciation rate are both greater than 0. Because, the economic indicators of the enterprise can be scored at this time, and the score is expected to allow the enterprise to successfully pass the identification of high-tech enterprises. Generally, when the economic index score of the enterprise is 0-2 points, it is difficult for the enterprise to pass the certification in the absence of Class I intellectual property rights (according to the author's experience, it is not absolute, and if such an enterprise applies for it, the risk of failure is higher).
Doubt 2: Under the influence of the epidemic, sales input is declining, is it impossible to apply for high-tech enterprises?
Analysis: Although the company's sales revenue is on a downward trend, if the company's net assets can be scored, there is also a chance that the total score will exceed 70 points (excluding 70 points) and pass the high enterprise certification.
Question 1: The company has been established for more than one year and has sales revenue, why is the growth rate 0 points?
Analysis: (1) The enterprise has been established for more than 1 year, although there is sales revenue, but only 1 year of financial data, so the net assets and sales revenue are 0 points;
2) The enterprise has been established for more than 1 year, but the net assets in 2019 are less than or equal to 0, and the sales revenue in 2019 is 0, even if there is sales revenue in 2020 or the net assets in 2020 are positive, the economic indicators are still 0.
3) The enterprise has been established for more than 3 fiscal years.
Case 3: Company C was established on February 1, 2018, and the deadline for high-tech enterprises in 2021 is August 30, and the net assets in 2018 are recorded as X1 and the sales revenue is recorded as Y1; Net assets in 2019 are recorded as x2 and sales revenue are recorded as y2; Net assets in 2020 are recorded as x3 and sales revenue are recorded as y3.
Analysis: From the perspective of establishment time, the company will have 3 annual financial data, which will be counted as 3 years. When the net assets of the enterprise are greater than 0 for three years, it can be calculated directly according to the calculation publicity, which is a common situation, so there is no need to discuss too much.
1. Calculation of net assets
For the sake of illustration, the following list is one of the representative situations, and it is not an exhaustive list for ease of understanding. When the net assets are less than 0, according to the requirements that the net assets are less than or equal to 0 and calculated according to 0, the score of enterprise C is calculated as follows:
1) Net assets in 2018 x 1 0.
This case also includes x1 0, x2 0, x3 0;x1 0, x2 0, x3 0 and other situations, all changes are inseparable, not exhaustive, and so on, forget to understand yourself.
Since x1 0, it is calculated according to the score of the "Work Guidelines": if the net assets at the end of the first year are 0, it will be calculated according to the next 2 years. In this way, the net assets are brought into the formula, and in 2018, the net assets growth rate is calculated as 0, and the net asset growth rate y0=(x3 x2)-1.
Question 3: How to calculate the score if the net worth is negative in the first 2 years and positive in the 3rd year?
Analysis: If the net assets in 2018 and 2019 were negative, the net assets in 2018 and 2019 were directly calculated according to 0, so the net assets score was 0 points. There is also controversy here, some people think that the net assets in 2018 are -50, the net assets in 2019 are -200, and the net assets in 2020 are 100, in this case, although both 2018 and 2019 are negative, but in this case, the net assets should still be calculated according to the publicity.
(2) Net assets in 2019 x2 0
Based on the net assets at the end of the second year of 0, it will be calculated as 0 points.
Therefore, when the net assets in 2019 are 0, it will be calculated directly with 0 points regardless of the data in 2018 and 2020.
(3) Net assets in 2020 x 3 0
Net asset growth rate x0 = 1 2 (x2 x1 + x3 x2) - 1 = 1 2 (x2 x1) - 1
For example, if the net assets in 2018 are 500, the net assets in 2019 are 800, and the net assets in 2020 are 0, and the net asset growth rate is x0 = -20%, which is less than 0, so it is 0 points.
2. Calculation method of sales revenue.
1) Sales revenue Y1=0 in 2018.
If the sales revenue at the end of the first year is 0, it will be calculated according to the next two years. Bring in the formula calculation, at this time do not multiply by 1 2:
Sales revenue growth rate y0 = (y3 y2) -1
2) Sales revenue in 2019 Y2=0.
If the sales revenue at the end of the second year is 0, it will be calculated as 0 points. At this point, the sales revenue score is 0.
3) Sales revenue Y3=0 in 2020.
According to the requirements of high-tech enterprise application, the proportion of high-tech product revenue in the previous year to total revenue must be greater than 60%, so when the sales revenue in 2020 is 0, the application conditions of high-tech enterprises cannot be carried out if they do not meet the application conditions of high-tech enterprises.
3. Planning suggestions for enterprise growth
By correctly using the calculation formula of enterprise growth, enterprises can accurately calculate the scores of enterprise economic indicators, and when the enterprise growth score is poor, enterprises can consider giving up the application for high-tech enterprises; When the score of the economic indicators of the enterprise is not high (2-6 points), the enterprise can plan in advance and adjust the economic indicators to increase the growth score of the enterprise, such as increasing the registered capital in the previous year to increase the growth rate of net assets; Enterprises that have been established for less than 2 years must plan their sales revenue in the year of establishment, so that as long as they can provide financial data for 2 fiscal years, even if the enterprise has been established for less than 2 years, they can apply for high-tech enterprises in the following year.
Remarks:The application materials for high-tech enterprises are complex and the process is many, so preparation in advance is the king.
3. Suggestions for the revision of enterprise growth indicators
In 2016, the notice of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on revising and issuing the "Guidelines for the Management of the Identification of High-tech Enterprises" (Guo Ke Fa Huo [2016] No. 195) compared with the 2008 "Work Guidelines" in the growth of enterprises, a modification has been made, that is, the original "growth rate of total assets" in the growth of enterprises has been revised to "growth rate of net assets", and the growth of total assets cannot well reflect the efficiency and quality of enterprises. The increase in liabilities of enterprises year by year will also ensure the growth of total assets of enterprises, which is also one of the factors that are easy to be controlled by humans. Therefore, taking the growth of net assets as a growth indicator of an enterprise can better reflect the quality and efficiency of the development of the enterprise.
However, the growth rate of the existing enterprise growth evaluation indicators "sales revenue" and "net assets" is still out of date and needs to be revised urgently
First of all, the one-size-fits-all scoring standard is not suitable for large enterprises to identify high-tech enterprises.
If a company wants to achieve a perfect score (20 points) in the growth index item, it must ensure that the growth rate of net assets and sales revenue growth rate reach more than 35%. The above indicators have a good role in promoting, guiding and motivating enterprises in the growth period, but for those enterprises that are large in scale and stable in the mature stage, the base of their net assets and sales is relatively high, and their absolute value will be quite large, and it is difficult to maintain a growth rate of more than 35%. Coupled with the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in 2020, the sales revenue of many enterprises in 2020 will show a downward trend compared with 2019 and 2018.
For example, a construction company achieved sales revenue of 3.1 billion yuan in 2018 and 31 billion in 2019100 million, 30000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 On the other hand, a software service company has a sales revenue of 50,000 yuan in the first year, 500,000 yuan in the second year, and 2 million yuan in the third year, and its sales growth rate is 600%, which can get a high score of 10 points in this indicator. It can become a high-tech enterprise when its tax, employment, economic and social benefits are obviously different, which is contrary to the purpose of the formulation of the "Measures for the Administration of High-tech Enterprises".
Secondly, the calculation method of enterprise growth makes "pseudo-high enterprises" an opportunity
Because high-tech enterprises can enjoy a number of national and local preferential policies, so as long as they pass the identification, they can legally obtain the benefits of various preferential policies, resulting in many enterprises through false reporting of R & D investment or technical content to obtain the identification of high-tech enterprises, some traditional enterprises are also trying to "package upgrading" for high-tech enterprises, and after the identified enterprises enjoy the national preferential policies, do not want to forge ahead, independent innovation ability has not continued to increase, development is slow or even stagnant, resulting in a lot of so-called " "High-tech" is no longer worthy of the name.
It should be ensured that those enterprises that do have technological innovation and are engaged in R&D in name only get preferential tax policies, in terms of growth indicators, many economic indicators are not very good, but because the growth of enterprises has successfully passed the high-tech enterprise certification.
For example, the financial data indicators of Company A are as follows:
According to the requirements of the above-mentioned enterprise growth indicators, the growth score of the enterprise can be 18-20 points, and the enterprise can successfully pass the 2021 high-tech enterprise certification under the condition that the score is not bad in other aspects. However, judging from the company's three-year enterprise development, the sales revenue in 2020 has been less, and the company may go bankrupt.