The IoT architecture should also include functional aspects of common requirements such as network management, quality of service (QoS), and information security throughout all layers, and provide users with a variety of specific application support.
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1) Network management. Network management refers to the management of the network in a certain way to make the network run normally and efficiently. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines 5 functions for network management: configuration management, performance management, accounting management, fault management, and security management. According to ISO, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model refers to the functions that control, tune, and monitor the resources in the OSI environment that guarantee communication in the OSI environment. The so-called OSI reference model refers to a standard system for interconnection between computer or communication systems formulated by ISO, which is generally called the OS1 reference model or the seven-layer model (physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, and presentation layer). application layer).
2) Quality of service. The information transmitted by the Internet of Things contains not only massive perception information, but also feedback control information: including not only multi-level information with high requirements for safety and reliability, but also control instructions with high requirements for safety, reliability and real-time. Network resources are always limited, and as long as there is a competitive use of network resources, there will be QoS requirements. QoS is relative to network services, and while ensuring the service quality of certain services, it may compromise the service quality of other services. For example, if the total network bandwidth is fixed, if a certain type of service occupies a large amount of bandwidth, the bandwidth that other services can use will be reduced. Therefore, network resources need to be reasonably planned and allocated according to the characteristics of the service to make efficient use of network resources. It can be said that the QoS requirements for data transmission in the Internet are more complex than those of the Internet, and they need to run through all levels of the IoT architecture and be guaranteed by working together.
3) Information Security. The entities in the IoT scenario have certain sensing, computation, and execution capabilities, and these sensing devices will pose security threats to network infrastructure, society, and personal information security. As far as sensor networks are concerned, most of their sensing nodes are deployed in an unmanned environment, which has the characteristics of fragile capabilities and limited resources. Since the Internet of Things is an extension of the sensor network and application platform on the basis of the existing network, the security measures of the Internet are no longer enough to provide reliable security guarantees, making the security problem more special. IoT information security includes physical security, information collection security, information transmission security, and information processing security, with the goal of ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and fault tolerance of the network. As a result, information security needs to permeate all levels of the IoT architecture.