At the recently concluded China Technology Market Association Sannong Science and Technology Service Golden Bridge Award Commendation Conference, the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as the first completion unit, Wang Shikui, Hu Xuefang, Ren Weize as the main achievements, and Huazhi Hebei Biotechnology jointly declared".R&D and application of key technologies for the transformation of chitin resources into new green agricultural preparations"The major achievement won the first prize.
Under the leadership of Wang Shikui, chief scientist of the Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the R&D team has overcome the technical problems of the simultaneous degradation of the whole component of the whole component of the marine biological resources - shrimp and crab shells through more than ten years of scientific and technological research, and built a new type of industrial green production system for chitin, which has increased the utilization rate of shrimp and crab shell resources from less than 30% to more than 95%, increased production efficiency by more than 70%, and reduced production costs by 60% The above achievements fill the gap in the innovative production process and functional evaluation standards of plant antigens and crustacean biostimulants represented by amino-oligosaccharides, and provide technical support for the healthy and sustainable development of the inducer industry. Through years of cooperation with Huazhi Hebei Biotechnology, Guangxi Tianyuan Biochemical Co., Ltd., Guilin Jiqi Biochemical, Shanghai Guanfa Marine Biotechnology and Huaiodine (Beijing) Technology, a series of new structural substances and green agricultural biological agents have been innovatively developed, including the second generation of amino-oligosaccharides, iodine oligosaccharides, -oligosaccharides, peptide calcium biostimulants, organic and inorganic trace element slow-release fertilizers, soil heavy metal curing agents, agricultural chitin, A number of new products such as pesticide slow-release and synergistic liquid ecological film, 16 authorized invention patents for the core technology of the project, 10 first-generation amino-oligosaccharides for upgrading, 6 fertilizer registration certificates, and 2 new substance registration certificates, realizing the transformation of patented technological achievements with an income of nearly 1,500 yuan, establishing 14 production lines, with a total production capacity of 25,000 tons per year, with a cumulative new sales of more than 1 billion yuan and nearly 200 million yuan in profits and taxes from 2018 to 2023.
In recent years, the scientific researchers of the Planning and Design Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have given full play to the innovative model of industry-university-research collaboration, and have gone deep into the grassroots to engage in research and development, and many "fist" technological achievements have made new contributions to the green development of agriculture and the revitalization of China's countryside. Now we recommend the scientific and technological innovation technology application achievements that play an important supporting role in promoting the healthy development of green, ecological and organic agriculture in China.
1. Innovate "zero pesticide residue" green plant protection technology to help the high-quality development of China's agriculture.
On December 1, 2023, in Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Youxinhui District organized an on-site observation and exchange meeting of high-quality cultivation technology. Wang Shikui explained the "zero pesticide residue" green plant protection comprehensive prevention and control technology for farmers on the spot. Local agricultural technology backbones and growers gathered together to learn and observe new technologies and systems, and jointly promote high-quality cultivation and high-quality sustainable development of the industry.
At the exchange meeting, researcher Wang Shikui shared the "zero pesticide residue" green plant protection comprehensive prevention and control technology of Xinhui citrus spider, psyllid, and rusty tick, and taught higher quality cultivation technology to citrus farmers with the cultivation results achieved in the demonstration garden.
It is understood that with the continuous development of modern agricultural science and technology, the people's increasing concern about food quality and safety, from the gradual reduction of agricultural labor, the increasing resistance of pests and diseases, the pain points of agricultural planting are becoming more and more obvious, such as Xinhui citrus, lemon, orange and other industries with the same origin of medicine and foodThe bottleneck problem of zero pesticide residue production and planting management system in apple bag-free planting industry, Chinese herbal medicine planting industry, tea and tobacco industry, and strawberry and vegetable industry is becoming more and more serious.
The R&D team composed of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Wang Shikui, Hu Xuefang) and the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xinhui District, Jiangmen City (Lin Fangyuan), the Fruit Industry R&D Center of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province (Chen Xinbao, Ma Yongsheng, Zheng Yongquan), and Beijing Xiaotangshan Agricultural Park (Zhu Baoying, An Shujie) and other units, through years of cooperation, has adopted long-term physical isolation and slow-release nanomaterials, plant-derived pesticides for pest control, and biopesticides for inducing and repairing oligosaccharides. Intelligent flight control technology and three-dimensional micro-injection technology have respectively constructed a green prevention and control technology system for citrus zero pesticide residues and pests, a green bagging technology system for apple with zero pesticide residues and a green plant protection technology system for strawberries (cash crops), which can not only effectively control red spiders, whiteflies, psyllids, aphids, thrips, cankers, anthrax, spotted defoliation, rot, branch blight, recession diseases and other pests and diseases that cause great harm to crop planting, but also effectively control the adverse natural environment (such as drought, low temperature, hot air, radiation, etc.) The damage to plant growth, the use rate of replacing conventional chemical synthetic pesticides is more than 85%, the production cost is saved by more than 40%, and it meets the testing standards of green food and even organic food. It provides an innovative way to solve the key management technology problems of agricultural planting in China, and has been fully affirmed by local leaders, experts and fruit farmers.
At the same time, the technical system forms an efficient prevention and control effect for important pests and diseases of crops in ecological, green and organic planting bases, and randomly detects all qualified technical levels of pesticide residues at any time, which basically solves the pain points of organic plant protection technology.
IIDirectly hit the pain points of the citrus planting industry and build an innovative system for the prevention and control of huanglongbing
Citrus huanglongbing, commonly known as "citrus cancer", is the first systemic disease that endangers the development of the citrus industry. After more than 20 years of continuous research and exploration of citrus huanglongbing prevention and control technology, the R&D team of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has gradually established and improved the green prevention and control technology system of citrus huanglongbing according to the theory of ecological immunology synergy, and has achieved significant demonstration and application results.
Citrus huanglongbing disease is caused by rhizobia, an obligate parasitic bacterium bacterium, and is spread through diseased seedlings and vector insects (citrus psyllids). The traditional use of the "three-plate axe" prevention and control strategy, that is, "disease-free seedling breeding, timely digging of diseased trees, joint prevention and control of psyllids", although the disease has been controlled to a certain extent, but a large number of fruit trees, insecticides, fungicides overdose frequent use and joint prevention and management technical requirements, resulting in enhanced resistance, increased production costs, The ecological environment has been seriously damaged, but it has not effectively prevented the periodic occurrence of citrus huanglongbing, and the illegal abuse of antibiotics in production has caused huge safety hazards to food safety and human health, which will seriously affect the high-quality development of the world's citrus industry.
In response to the above problems, the research team of the Planning and Design Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has been fully engaged in the research of "the development and prevention and control technology system of pesticides for the prevention and control of citrus huanglongbing" since 2002, with the continuous support of the national and unit independent research and development funds. The green prevention and control technology system of citrus huanglongbing was constructed, which provided an innovative way for the prevention and control of citrus huanglongbing. The study was accepted by an expert group organized by the Science and Technology Department of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in September 2023.
Up to now, a total of 8 invention patents have been obtained, including 6 national invention patents and 2 American invention patents. Related innovative technologies and products have successively cooperated with Huaiodine (Beijing) Science and Technology and other enterprises to realize the construction of industrialization transformation and application and technical service platform, which has laid a good foundation for the formation and promotion and application of China's new green plant protection technology system.
In order to effectively verify the application effect of the above-mentioned green prevention and control technology system, from 2018 to 2023, it was carried out in Jiangmen City, Conghua District, and Zhanjiang City, Guangdong ProvinceRuijin City, Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Laibin City, Guilin City, Wuming County and Gongcheng County, Yunnan Province Xishuangbanna and other places have a total of more than 10,000 acres of demonstration and verification, in the case of conventional chemical synthetic pesticides reduced application of more than 85%, the prevention and control rate of the infectious medium citrus psylloid is more than 95%, and the hatching rate of nymphs is 100%, which meets the basic requirements of blocking the source of infection.
Under the conditions of extreme climate from 2022 to 2023, in cooperation with Lin Fangyuan, head of the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guan Binghua, executive vice president of the Xinhui Tangerine Peel Association, and fruit farmers in the demonstration base, Xinhui citrus showed strong stress resistance characteristics in the 1200 mu demonstration base, and carried out membrane isolation and marrow micro-irrigation technology for the confirmed Huanglongbing trees, and the quantitative PCR test results showed that more than 70% of the recovered diseased trees with nucleic acid quantitative CT value detection greater than 30 were detected. The bacterial content gradient of diseased trees decreased significantly. The negative conversion rate is 30%. The growth state of the tree was normal, the mottled leaves gradually disappeared, and the fruit setting rate and commercial fruit yield increased significantly.
The evaluation index system of green prevention and control level of citrus huanglongbing, which is composed of gene level (nucleic acid quantitative CT value), metabolic level (resistance induction index irip), ecological level (psyllid population reduction rate), morphological level (yellowing decline rate) and environmental level (pesticide residue detection pass rate), provides a scientific reference standard for guiding the scientific research and production application of parasitic disease prevention and control.
3. Aiming at the pain points of labor shortageUpgradesBag-free technology for apple growing
According to the characteristics of apple tree planting pests and diseases and planting safety management requirements, bagging technology management is a commonly used means, but due to the increase in labor costs year by year, automatic bagging technology is difficult to implement, the scientific research team of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Yan'an Apple R&D Center have built a safe and efficient apple bag-free zero pesticide residue green plant protection technology system through years of scientific exploration, combined with nanotechnology, intelligent flight defense technology and micro-injection technology.
The system not only effectively controls the pests and diseases that cause great harm to apple tree planting, such as red spiders, leaf mites, aphids, spotted defoliation, rot disease, viral decline disease, etc., but also effectively controls the damage of the poor natural environment (such as drought, low temperature, hot wind, radiation, etc.) to the growth of apple trees, effectively saves the cost of manual bagging mu of more than 1,000 yuan, and completely solves the problem of restricting the development of China's apple planting industry. In terms of forming a good planting ecological environment, it shows outstanding promotion and application value, and ensures the high-quality development of the apple industry under the condition of replacing manual bagging with zero pesticide residue green plant protection technology. (Wang Shikui, Hu Xuefang, Ren Weize, Wang Xin, Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huaiodine (Beijing) Science and Technology***.)