The Battle of Hexi was a fierce war between Wei and Qin over the Hexi region of Guanzhong during the Warring States Period. After several battles, the Qin state was greatly strengthened by the Shang Dynasty reforms, while the Wei state was greatly damaged by the defeat to the Qi state and other vassal states. In the end, the Qin state succeeded in recovering the land west of the river, laying a solid foundation for its eastward exit from the Central Plains.
1. Background: The Battle of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period The Battle of Guiling and Maling.
In the first four battles of Hexi, Qin and Wei won and lost each other. Although the Shang Dynasty changed the law and strengthened the Qin state, it was unable to completely regain the land west of the river. Before the Fifth Battle of Hexi, although Wei was defeated by Qi in the Battle of Guiling, it successfully defeated Handan, the capital of Zhao. Taking advantage of the victory, the Qi state united with the Song and Wei states and besieged Xiangling, an important town in the south of the Wei state, but the Wei coalition finally defeated the Qi, Song and Wei coalition forces at Xiangling. This made the prestige of Wei greatly increased after the Battle of Guiling.
However, the Wei royal family established itself as the king of the princes of the world, and Korea did not participate in triggering the Wei state to send troops to attack Korea, but it suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Maling, and Pang Juan killed himself. This defeat greatly damaged the vitality of the Wei state, and became a powerful condition for the Qin state to regain the land west of the river.
2. Wei Guoming will be captured Shang Ying's strategy to recover Hexi.
In 340 BC, Qin Xiaogong sent Shang Ying to lead an army to attack Wei, and the Wei general Gongzi Wei was captured in the Fifth Battle of Hexi. In terms of strategy, Shang Ying first invited the lord of Wei to join the alliance, and then ambushed and attacked during the alliance, and successfully captured Gongzi Wei. This marked a major strategic victory for the Qin state, laying the foundation for the recapture of the land west of the river.
3. The Decline of Wei and the Rise of Qin.
After the Battle of Maling, Wei suffered a great loss of vitality and became a second-rate prince among the six kingdoms of Shandong. The Qin State strengthened its national strength through the Shang Dynasty and created an elite army. Under the opportunity of the decline of Wei, Qin successfully recaptured the land west of the river, creating favorable conditions for it to go east to the Central Plains.
Fourth, the Qin State dominated the Central Plains and gained superiority at the strategic level.
In 332 B.C., King Huiwen of Qin sent an army to attack the heavy land of Diaoyin in Shangjun of Wei, and two years later the Qin State completely annihilated the Wei army and beheaded 450,000 enemy troops, captured the main general Long Jia. Wei was forced to return Hexi County the following year, and Qin was in a strategic position to gain complete control of the Yellow River. This victory laid the foundation for Qin's hegemony in the Central Plains.
5. The Yellow River Controls the key step of the Qin State's eastward advance into the Central Plains.
After King Huiwen of Qin took over, he continued to expand, conquering the east of the Wei River and controlling Fenyin, Pishi and other places. Wei sued for peace and offered 15 counties, all west of the Yellow River to Qin. At this point, the Qin State completely mastered the natural dangers of the Yellow River and was in a strategic advantageous position. This created powerful conditions for Qin's eastward advance into the Central Plains and laid the foundation for its unification of the world.
Conclusion: The Historical Significance of the Battle of Hexi.
The victory of the Fifth Battle of Hexi was not only a key battle for Qin's counterattack, but also the curtain call of the Battle of Hexi during the Warring States Period. The Qin State successfully recaptured the land of Hexi through the Shang Dynasty reform and strategic strategy, laying a solid foundation for its rise in the Central Plains. This war not only changed the fate of Qin and Wei, but also affected the pattern of the entire Warring States period, laying a solid foundation for Qin to dominate the world.
The Fifth Battle of Hexi marked the end of an important chapter in the secession of the Central Plains during the Warring States period. The article details the numerous wars between Qin and Wei in the Hexi region, and the far-reaching impact of this war on both countries. In my opinion, this article profoundly reveals the complex relationship between the vassal states during the Warring States period, and the key role played by military, political, and strategic factors in warfare.
First, the article vividly depicts the background of the battles of Guiling and Maling, highlighting the Wei state's comeback from defeat to victory in the Battle of Guiling and the heavy blows suffered in the Battle of Maling. The results of these two battles directly affected the position of Wei in the Hexi region, turning it from prosperity to decline. At the same time, the Shang Dynasty reform law provided strong national support for the Qin state and created favorable conditions for subsequent wars.
Secondly, by describing in detail the course of the Fifth Battle of Hexi, the article highlights the strategy of Shang Yang and the strategic decision of Qin. In the name of the alliance, Shang Ying ambushed and attacked, and successfully captured the main general of Wei, Gongzi, laying a solid foundation for Qin to recapture the land west of the river. This process demonstrated the importance of strategy in war, as well as the political calculations and military trickery that prevailed in warfare at the time.
Third, the article highlights the decline of Wei and the rise of Qin. The Wei state was devastated after the Battle of Maling, while the Qin state took the opportunity to rise. The Shang Dynasty changed the law and greatly increased the national strength of the Qin State, coupled with the continuous blows on the Wei State, which made the Wei State gradually become a second-rate prince among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. Through a series of victories, the Qin State not only recaptured the land west of the river, but also achieved a dominant position at the strategic level, laying the foundation for its hegemony in the Central Plains.
Finally, the article points out the historical significance of the Battle of Hexi. This war was not only a key battle for Qin's counterattack, but also the curtain call of the Hexi War during the entire Warring States Period. Qin's successful recapture of Hexi changed the pattern of the Warring States period and provided favorable conditions for it to go east to the Central Plains. This series of wars affected the fate of the Central Plains and laid a solid foundation for the Qin State to eventually dominate the world.
Overall, through an in-depth analysis of the Fifth Battle of Hexi, this article vividly shows the complexity of politics, military, strategy, and other aspects of the Warring States period. This paper profoundly analyzes the game between Wei and Qin, as well as the role of the Shang Dynasty reform in promoting the rise of Qin. The structure of the article is clear and the content is detailed, which has important reference value for understanding the historical process and the development of events in the Warring States period.
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