After China's victory to resist US aggression and aid Korea, how did other countries react?Only Japan is the most real!
On June 25, 1950, Kim Il Sung issued an order for the Korean People's Army to massively cross the 38th parallel and carry out "fierce operations" against the Syngman Rhee regime in the south. In just over four hours, they quickly approached Seoul, and the Korean ** team was defeated and retreated, and the battle line advanced rapidly to the south, almost forcing the Korean army to the sea!Since the United States did not want the communist forces to expand their influence on the Korean Peninsula, it organized a "joint **" intervention in military affairs aimed at saving the Syngman Rhee regime, which was on the verge of collapse. With the landing of the "United Nations" at Incheon, the rear retreat channel of the Korean People's Army was under great threat, and it was forced to retreat northward at a rapid pace, causing the tide of the war to turn ...... in an instant
In October 1950, out of strategic considerations for the situation on the peninsula and North Korea, China secretly sent Chinese volunteers to support North Korea and counter the "United League". Soon, the news of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea spread throughout the country, and even members of the Kuomintang and Japanese war criminals imprisoned in prison learned of this "shocking news" and reacted differently to it.
Among the Kuomintang war criminals held by Gongdelin, although some were resistant to reform, deep down they still identified themselves as Chinese. When I heard that New China had actually sent troops to support North Korea and was at war with the US military, I couldn't help but feel admiration. However, the admiration of some war criminals quickly disappeared, and they turned pessimistically to sigh: "How can this be defeated?"I think it's an egg hitting a stone, and I'm dying in vain. ”
At the same time, among the Japanese war criminals held in the Fushun War Criminals Management Center, although the sins were so great that it was difficult to atone for them even if they were executed 180 times, they were ready to transform from demons to people with a conscience under the guidance of "not one of them killed". Many Japanese war criminals regarded the Communist Party's leniency policy as "false mercy."
According to the recollections of some correctional cadres of the War Criminals Management Center, after the outbreak of the Korean War and the entry of the US military into the war, the resistance of these Japanese war criminals to the new China reached its peak. Some people who had been in a slump were so refreshed that they even took out their old medals out of nowhere, wore them solemnly, and asked around for the latest news on the Korean battlefield. When they heard that the war had spread to the Yalu River in northeast China, these Japanese war criminals even got up early and shouted long live to the east, trying to pray for the victory of the American army. One of them, Shinobu Nakamura, made a typical statement, reflecting to a certain extent the mentality of these Japanese war criminals at that time: "The Communists are beyond their means, and if they still don't kill us, then we will witness the moment when the US military marches into China!"”、
The inner contradictions of this group of Japanese war criminals are extremely complicated. According to their logic, their defeat in the Chinese theater was caused solely by the intervention of the Soviet Union and the United States. Therefore, the US military should be the most hated enemy of this group of war criminals. However, instead of thanking the Chinese for sparing their lives, they sincerely hoped that the US military would achieve victory. An American scholar later wrote "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword," in which he deeply analyzed Japan's national psychology during the period of militarism and came to two conclusions: First, the Japanese were "ungrateful" and second, they were "strong." The former made them dare to invade China, the former "mentor", while the latter made them quickly change their mentality after the war and obey the US military. The words and deeds of these Japanese war criminals in the Fushun War Criminals Management Center are a true portrayal of this mentality.
In fact, there is an old Chinese saying to describe this kind of person - "fear of power but not virtue". They will accept all their friendly behaviors, but when the situation is urgent, they will immediately forget the favors they have received and become immoral. The Kwantung Army was routed by the onslaught of the Soviet Red Army, the Japanese mainland suffered two American atomic bombings, and in the face of the absolute strong, they suddenly showed humility, which is typical of the fearful villain!
However, under the command of General ***, the Volunteer Army completely shattered the expectations of these militarist remnants. When the battle line was pushed back to the vicinity of the 38th parallel by the Volunteers again, these two groups of war criminals were even more shocked than they had heard the news of China's dispatch of troops!
According to the drunken memoirs of the war criminal Shen of Gongdelin, when the victories on the Korean battlefield came one after another, the Kuomintang war criminals rejoiced. At that time, all parts of the country were trying their best to support the front line, and the war criminals of Gong Tak Lin also actively organized themselves to cook fried noodles for volunteer soldiers in the open field. It is said that the fried noodles produced by "Gongdelin" were widely praised by the volunteers.
The victory of the volunteers was a victory for the Chinese, and despite the political differences between the Kuomintang war criminals and the Communist Party and their participation in military confrontations, they still showed pride on their faces as Chinese, which could not be concealed. Later, the war criminals of Gongdelin greatly reduced their resistance to labor reform, and gradually released one after another in the fifties and sixties, putting aside the historical burden of the past and becoming new people of the times. Of course, that's an afterthought.
Unlike the Kuomintang war criminals held by Gongdelin, the Japanese war criminals in the Fushun War Criminals Management Center stubbornly believed that the frequent reports of good news were all "false propaganda" by the Chinese, aimed at breaking down their psychological defenses. These Japanese war criminals naively looked forward to the day when the American military would miraculously appear and free them from prison. However, from 1950 to 1953, they did not wait for the unexpected visit of the US military, but they were completely defeated by the shocking news - the signing of the Panmunjom Armistice Agreement!
For several days, the Japanese war criminals were languishing, like eggplants beaten by frost. However, it was evident to the prison staff that the attitudes of these Japanese war criminals had changed dramatically, and that the thorns who had once resisted rehabilitation had become honest and submissive. In the sixties and seventies, these Japanese war criminals who had been reformed, completely bid farewell to militarist thinking, and regained their lives were released and returned to China one after another, changing from executioners who once brutalized the Chinese to advocates of Sino-Japanese friendship, telling the great mind and wisdom of repaying grievances with virtue and convincing people with reason.
Sa Zhenbing, a veteran of the navy from Fuzhou, died in April 1952 and was a member of the first National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. When it comes to China's modern naval history, Sa Zhenbing is a high-profile figure. When he was young, he was successfully admitted to the Harbour Master Academy and was given the opportunity to study abroad at the Royal Naval College in the United Kingdom. After graduating, he rose to prominence in the positions of Nanyang Naval Division, Beiyang Naval Division, etc., and eventually became the Admiral of Guangdong Naval Division, and served as the governor of Fujian Province during the ** period.
As a senior in the navy who experienced the First Sino-Japanese fiasco and failed to do so in his life, when he received the news of the occupation of Seoul by the Volunteers in early 1951, Sa Zhenbing was so excited that he burst into tears. This marked the first time that modern China successfully seized the capital of another country in a foreign war, and wrote a glorious chapter for the land of China. In this regard, Sa Zhenbing happily composed poems to celebrate, one of which expressed the old general's excitement about the revival of the country's prestige:
The U.S. military has been defeated repeatedly and it will be difficult to recover, and the Chinese will dare to take it lightly!”
The victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea not only aroused the fighting spirit of the Chinese, but also demonstrated the prestige of China and the country, bringing peace and stability to the Korean Peninsula for more than half a century. In New China, intoxicated with the great joy of the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, how did foreigners evaluate this head-to-head confrontation between the coalition forces of the industrial countries and the newly born poor and weak agricultural countries?Gone is the history of "Western powers can enslave the Chinese by erecting a few cannons off the coast of China"!
The Chinese People's Volunteers succeeded in changing the demarcation line between North and South Korea from the 38th parallel to the Panmunjom military demarcation line stabilized near the 38th parallel, an achievement that surprised many countries. However, the Soviet Union showed an ambivalent mentality in the face of this victory.
First of all, the Soviet Union gladly accepted the victory of the Chinese comrades. Although the Korean War was billed as a war between the two Koreas over the issue of reunification, it was in fact a fierce contest between the two camps of "communism" and "capital" on the peninsula. Stalin was not optimistic about the situation on the Korean Peninsula after the entry of American troops into the war. According to declassified archives after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Stalin was even ready to abandon the Korean Peninsula and planned to allow Kim Il Sung to establish a virtual exile in northeastern China**. However, China must not tolerate the Northeast region becoming the frontline of Cold War confrontation, and should therefore respond to the request for assistance from the DPRK comrades.
Stalin did not initially promise air assistance. It was not until General Peng led his army to secretly enter Korea and won the first battle that Stalin changed his attitude. Subsequently, the Soviet Air Force, together with the young Chinese Air Force, opened the famous "MiG corridor". In fact, in the Korean War, the Soviet Union was largely out of the way, and researchers from various countries generally believe that the Soviet Union was the biggest beneficiary. They succeeded in using China's power to limit the power of the United States to the central part of the Korean Peninsula, and at the same time gave China and North Korea a large number of stocks of surplus military supplies produced during World War II.
China, the Soviet Union and the DPRK fought side by side, and the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea tempered a deep friendship. However, the Soviet Union's view of China's victorious return sparked high-level divisions. The Soviet Union has always held itself in high esteem, and the relations of equality within the countries of the socialist camp have often been falsified by the existence of the Soviet Union. Like the United States, the USSR wanted the countries of its camp to be loyal and obedient little brothers. However, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea won China a high reputation in the international community, and not only within the socialist camp, but even within the capitalist camp, some countries have made overtures to China. On the Korean battlefield, the strong combat effectiveness displayed by the squadron made the Soviet Union feel a faint worry that "China's wings are stiff".
The Soviet Union pursued a dominant position that would make its little brother do what he wanted, while China, which was rapidly rising, sought independence. The historical trend of Sino-Soviet relations also confirms this point. In a joke, it is: "I don't want my brother to be poor, but if one day my brother really earns money and becomes rich, it is even more uncomfortable than losing money myself." ”
Unlike the USSR, the mood in the United States is very different. After all, this is a war that seemed to be won before the war, but regretted after the war. Former American ** Dwight D. Eisenhower lamented the war in his memoirs - "This is probably the bloodiest war in American history after the Civil War and the two world wars." Indeed, if the United States had heeded China's warning, chosen to accept what was good, prevented MacArthur from crossing the 38th parallel, attempted to completely annihilate North Korea, and even tried to extend the war to the banks of the Yalu River, then China would probably not send troops, and the United States would not have suffered such huge losses.
The outstanding performance of the Volunteer Army made the U.S. Army face the most difficult opponent in history, and between World War I, the generals changed their commanders three times. The Chinese's campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea completely destroyed the image of the five-star general MacArthur as a famous general, making the end of his military career miserable and lonelyFour-star General Clark reluctantly admitted that he became the only commander in American history who did not sign the armistice agreement that won the war.
American scholar Helms pointed out that the United States did not formally recognize this emerging regime before the Chinese launched the Action to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. In fact, if the United States officially recognized the new China, it would have to be Nixon's visit to China in 1972. However, the United States actually recognized New China much earlier in the armistice agreement at Panmunjom. The heroic courage shown by the Chinese forced the Americans to sit down and sign an armistice agreement with them at the negotiating table, thus effectively recognizing the statehood of New China. According to Herms, it was from this time that the Americans began to take New China seriously and regarded it as a powerful adversary, a country that threatened the interests of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region.
There is no doubt that such a war outcome was not what the Americans expected. The Korean War is still a huge controversy in the United States. If we look at the strategic goal of protecting South Korea, the US military can say that it has "won the war" or "the war ended in a draw."However, if the strategic goal of the U.S. military is to eliminate North Korea, it will pose a threat to China and the Soviet Union.
The outstanding performance of the Chinese People's Volunteers in the Korean War changed the tide of the war, making it the most difficult opponent in history, and the US army changed its generals three times in one war. The Chinese's War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea not only broke the image of five-star General MacArthur as a famous general, but also brought his military career to a sad endFour-star General Clark reluctantly became the only commander in U.S. history to fail to sign an armistice after winning the war.
In the view of American scholar Helms, before the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the United States did not formally recognize the emerging regime of New China. However, the United States actually recognized New China in the armistice agreement at Panmunjom, which dates back much longer than Nixon's visit to China in 1972. The extraordinary courage displayed by the Chinese forced the United States to sign an armistice agreement with the United States at the negotiating table, substantially recognizing the statehood of New China. Helms believes that from this moment on, the United States has become serious about the new China, regarding it as a formidable adversary and a threat to the interests of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region.
The war had many benefits for Japan. First of all, from an economic point of view, due to the huge demand at the front, Japan became the rear base of the "United **", and the post-war economy flourished due to a large number of military orders. Politically, the United States tilted toward Japan because of the Korean War, which brought the defeated country of World War II to its knees and was reborn. At the military level, Japan, which had been completely disarmed, rearmed under the name of the "Self-Defense Forces". At the strategic level, South Korea is still the bridgehead of the capitalist camp against the socialist camp, which has greatly improved Japan's strategic environment, become the first choice for industrial transfer from Europe and the United States, and become the most developed country in Asia.
Although South Korea and Japan have become allies under the auspices of the United States, there is a deep feud between the two. If a unified country emerges on the Korean Peninsula, it is not in Japan's interests, and the outcome of the Korean War still maintains the peninsula's **, which is in Japan's interests. Overall, Japan's mentality in the Korean War was perhaps the most relaxed and comforting among its neighbors.
The victory of the Chinese people in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has multi-layered and multifaceted significance, and is a chapter that is difficult to exhaust in any article or book. For the Chinese, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea is even more encouraging than the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan. Panmunjom in the summer of 1953 was the most high-spirited moment for the entire Chinese nation since 1840. The Chinese have established their majesty with this war and won the respect of all ethnic groups around the world with their outstanding wisdom and courage. This feeling is particularly acute among overseas Chinese, even former Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew once said: "At that time, I was studying in England, and Europeans generally looked down on yellow people. But after the Korean War, we all felt that our backs were stiffer abroad. ”
The severe blows inflicted on the US military on the Korean battlefield have taught them a lesson. In the ensuing Vietnam War, they no longer dared to ignore the warnings of the Chinese ** and did not dare to allow the ground troops to cross the 17th parallel. The experience of the US military warns countries around the world that they dare not underestimate the strength of the squadron. Marshal Montgomery once made such a statement: "No sensible nation would choose to fight a large-scale ground war with the squadron." Of course, there are always exceptions, such as a country in the southern foothills of the Himalayas, which is not subject to this norm.