After an extraordinary year of 2023, China's scientific and technological workers have bravely scaled new heights, taking it as their responsibility to accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, and have achieved a number of world-class scientific and technological achievements. They went to the heavens, to the earth, to explore the seas, and to explore the mysteries of the universeThey focus on basic research, focus on engineering technology, and continuously update and enrich the treasure trove of human knowledgeThey care about the national economy and people's livelihood, and have made remarkable achievements in various fields such as environment, health, and agriculture, and strive to make people's lives better.
The important weapon of the country has added the confidence of a great country
Chinese space station:Enter the application and development stage
The Chinese space station, which has been built, has begun to normalize crew rotation and cargo replenishment. Shenzhou 16, Shenzhou 17, Tianzhou 6, we are more and more comfortable in space;The space station two-photon microscope carried out on-orbit verification experiments and was successful, and the fourth batch of space science experiment samples of China's space station were delivered to the space application system for research, and the space "laboratory" is bringing us more surprisesThe environmental control and health protection technology of manned spaceflight has reached the world's advanced level, and the GNC (guidance, navigation and control) technology of space rendezvous and docking has further matured ......China's space technology is constantly developing and radiating to other fields.
The Shenzhou-16 manned spacecraft and the space station assembly completed the autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking. Xinhua News Agency.
A new station in the Ross Sea will be built:Antarctica is about to have a "new home".
On November 1, the 40th Chinese Antarctic Expedition organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources set off, and the top priority of their expedition was to build China's fifth Antarctic research station - Ross Sea New Station, which will be the first perennial scientific research station established in China in the new era, and will also be the third perennial research station after the Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station, and is China's first research station facing the Pacific Sector. It is located in the coastal area of the Ross Sea in East Antarctica, with a construction area of 5,244 square meters, and is planned to be used to carry out multi-circle and multi-disciplinary observation and monitoring and scientific research work such as atmospheric environment, marine basic environment, and biological ecology.
Renderings of the new station in the Ross Sea. Courtesy of the State Oceanic Administration.
High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory:Discover the "catcher" of high-energy cosmic rays
On May 10, the high-altitude cosmic ray observatory known as "Lasso" passed the national acceptance. It is built on Haizi Mountain at an altitude of 4410 meters above sea level and covers an area of 1With an area of 36 square kilometers, it is currently the world's highest, largest and most sensitive cosmic ray observatory. With the help of Lasso, scientists have achieved a number of results such as accurately measuring the brightness of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of high-energy astronomy, and "catching" the brightest gamma-ray burst to date.
High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory:Xinhua News Agency.
"Dream":China's first ocean drilling ship
China's first ocean drilling ship independently designed and built - "Dream" was officially named on December 18 and made its first sea trial in Nansha, Guangzhou. It has a total tonnage of about 33,000 tons and a total length of 1798 meters, 32 meters wide8 meters, endurance of 15,000 nautical miles, self-sustaining force of 120 days, stability and structural strength are designed according to the safety requirements of 16 typhoon sea conditions, with the operation capacity of unlimited navigation area in the global sea area and the drilling capacity of 11,000 meters in the sea area, which will provide important equipment support for the exploration and exploitation of ocean energy resources.
"Dream" sea trials. Xinhua News Agency.
Basic research and applied research are in full bloom
"See" to nanohertz gravitational waves:Open a new window for humanity to explore the universe
On June 29, the Chinese Pulsar Time Array (CPTA) research team, composed of researchers from the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units, independently found the key evidence for the existence of nanohertz gravitational waves using the China Sky Eye FAST, a 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope.
Mapping the gene 2D of the first deleterious mutation in potato:The basic theory and technology of potato breeding in China have entered the world's leading level
A research team from the Shenzhen Institute of Agricultural Genomics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has mapped the first two-dimensional map of the potato genome by tracking the evolution of the potato genome for up to 80 million years and a cumulative total of 1.2 billion years. This map will effectively help breeders to "step on the pit" of genes that may occur in potato breeding, and greatly accelerate the breeding process of hybrid potatoes.
"Chapter 9 No. 3" Optical Quantum Computing Prototype:It has set a new world record for the technical level of optical quantum information and the "superiority of quantum computing".
The University of Science and Technology of China, in cooperation with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, has successfully built a 255-photon quantum computing prototype "Jiuzhan No. 3". On the basis of the construction of the "Chapter 9" series of optical quantum computing prototypes, the research team of USTC further revealed the mathematical connection between Gaussian boson sampling and graph theory, and completed the solution of two types of graph theory problems with practical value such as dense subgraph and max-haf, which is faster than the accurate simulation of classical computers1800 million times.
Chapter 9 No. 3 "Optical Quantum Computing Prototype (Detail)." Courtesy of University of Science and Technology of China.
The second comprehensive scientific expedition on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached the summit of Zhuo Aoyou Peak for the first time:China has the systematic ability to carry out comprehensive scientific expeditions at extremely high altitudes
Located on the border between China and Nepal and in the middle of the Himalayas, Zhuo Oyou Peak is the sixth highest peak in the world at an altitude of 8,201 meters. This is the first time that a Chinese scientific expedition team has climbed a peak of more than 8,000 meters above sea level other than Mount Everest. In this scientific expedition, a number of scientific research tasks were carried out, such as the erection of extremely high-altitude automatic weather stations, the measurement of ice and snow thickness on the peak, the drilling of ice cores and the collection of snow and ice samples, focusing on major scientific issues such as changes in Asian water towers, ecosystems and carbon cycles, human activities and living environment security, mineral resources and geological environment, etc., to reveal the impact of changes in extremely high altitude areas and extreme processes on the changes in the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
For the first time, China's scientific expedition team climbed to the sixth highest peak in the world to carry out a comprehensive scientific investigation. Xinhua News Agency.
Key technologies, engineering science and technology are frequently reported
Baihetan Hydropower Station:China's hydropower industry has reached the world-class level
On December 20, 2022, all units of Baihetan Hydropower Station were put into operation for power generation. As of October 12, 2023, the cumulative power generation has exceeded 100 billion kilowatt hours, it is a major national project for China's implementation of "west-to-east power transmission", and is the world's second largest hydropower station after the Three Gorges Power Station, with a capacity of 16 million kilowatts, which will effectively guarantee the economic development and people's livelihood electricity demand in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Baihetan Hydropower Station:Xinhua News Agency.
The world's first pure silicon modulator with an electro-optical bandwidth of 110GHz:A major breakthrough has been made in the field of silicon-based optoelectronics
The pure silicon modulator developed by Peking University has the advantages of ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-small size, ultra-large passband and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integration process compatibility, which meets the needs of ultra-high speed, high integration, multi-wavelength communication, high thermal stability and wafer-level production in future ultra-high-speed application scenarios. The application of short-distance data center and optical communication provides important key technical support, demonstrating the great value of silicon-based optoelectronics in the next generation of ultra-high-speed applications, which is of great significance for the development of next-generation data centers.
110GHz high bandwidth silicon modulator. Courtesy of Peking University.
300MW Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage System Expander:China's advanced compressed air energy storage technology has reached a new level
The Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Energy Storage Corporation jointly independently developed the world's first 300MW advanced compressed air energy storage system expander. The expander is the core component of the compressed air energy storage system, which has high technical difficulties such as high load, large flow, complex flow heat transfer, and high efficiency and wide operating conditions. In the integration test, the test results meet or exceed the design indicators.
300MW Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage System Expander (Local) Courtesy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The world's first nuclear power plant was put into commercial operationChina's nuclear power technology has reached the world's leading level
On December 6, China's Huaneng Shandong Shidaowan High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant Demonstration Project with completely independent intellectual property rights completed the 168-hour continuous operation assessment and was successfully put into commercial operation with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts. During the construction, the scientific researchers have overcome a number of world-wide and industry-wide key technologies, developed more than 2,200 sets of the world's first equipment, more than 660 sets of the world's first equipment, and the equipment localization rate reached 934%。
The world's first nuclear power plant. Xinhua News Agency.
Welfare is given away, and you can get red envelopes for answering questions
Notification notification!A new roundRed Envelope CampaignHere we go!Daily 12:00-24:00!ClickBottom left corner at the bottom of the article Read the original article, go directly to the answer interface!
*: "Guangming**" December 28, 2023 13th edition) Author: Guangming **Reporter Qi Fang, Yang Shu, Jin Zhenya, Zhang Lei, Chang He.