The working principle of the tunnel shield machine (TBM).
The tunnel shield machine is an advanced underground construction equipment with the characteristics of high efficiency, high precision and high safety. Among them, the full-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a kind of tunnel shield machine, which is widely used in underground tunnel construction in the fields of railway, highway, water conservancy and municipal. This article will detail how the tunnel shield works to help readers better understand this advanced technology.
1. Overview. Tunnel shield machine is a kind of underground construction equipment integrating mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, gas, instrument, letter and other disciplines, which is mainly composed of several major parts such as cutterhead, shield, human cabin and back-up support. In underground tunneling, tunnel shields enable fast and precise tunnelling while ensuring construction safety and engineering quality.
Second, the working principle.
1.Tunneling. The tunnelshield is driven by cutterheads-mounted cutterheads. During the tunnelling process, the cutter rotates at high speed to cut and crush the formation to form a circular section. At the same time, the EPBM's propulsion system pushes the EPB forward hydraulically or electrically for continuous tunnelling.
2.Prop up. During the tunnelling process, in order to prevent the deformation and collapse of the ground, the tunnel shield machine is equipped with a support system. The support system is mainly composed of support rings and support columns, which are supported and adjusted by hydraulic or electric means. The support ring can be adjusted according to the formation conditions and the tunneling depth to ensure the stability and safety of the section.
3.Slag discharge. The tunnel shield generates a large amount of muck and rock during the tunneling process, which needs to be discharged in time to maintain the construction schedule. The slag discharge system is mainly composed of a screw conveyor and a belt conveyor, which transports the muck to the supporting ** car and then transports it out of the tunnel.
4.Ventilation and lighting.
The tunnel shield machine is equipped with a ventilation system and a lighting system to ensure that the construction crew can breathe fresh air and get enough lighting. Ventilation systems typically use fans to bring fresh air into the work face while exhausting the exhaust gases out of the tunnel. The lighting system uses high-efficiency LED luminaires to illuminate the work surface to ensure construction safety and quality.
5.Control system.
The control system of the tunnel shield machine is the core of the whole equipment, which integrates multidisciplinary technologies such as mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, gas, instrument, and information. The control system mainly monitors and adjusts the operating status of the equipment, including the tunneling speed, propulsion force, support pressure, ventilation and lighting and other parameters. At the same time, the control system is also responsible for communicating with the outside world to achieve remote monitoring and management.
3. Scope of application.
TBMs are widely used in underground tunnel construction in railways, highways, water conservancy and municipal administration. In railway engineering, the tunnel shield machine is mainly used for the construction of mountain railways, urban subways and tunnels crossing rivers and seasIn highway engineering, the tunnel shield machine is mainly used for the transformation and upgrading of high-grade highways and urban roadsIn water conservancy projects, tunnel shield machines are mainly used for the construction of water conservancy facilities such as diversion tunnels of hydropower stations and floodways of reservoirsIn municipal engineering, tunnel shield machines are mainly used for the construction of municipal facilities such as urban sewage pipe networks and tap water pipelines.
Fourth, summary. The tunnel shield machine is an advanced underground construction equipment with the characteristics of high efficiency, high precision and high safety. Its working principle mainly involves excavation, supporting, slag ejection, ventilation and lighting and control systems. By taking these aspects into detail, we can better understand how the tunnel shield works and the scope of application. In the future, with the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology, the tunnel shield machine will be further developed and improved to provide more efficient, safe and reliable technical support for underground engineering construction.