For the military system of the Ming Dynasty, the guard system was an important part of it. But if you ask, what kinds of guards in the Ming Dynasty, I'm afraid many people can't say that they are ugly, this article will introduce the types of guards in the Ming Dynasty.
1. Solid soil or not.
In this regard, it is broadly divided into three categories:
1. The Solid Earth Guard.
Refers to a health center located in an area that does not have a formal administrative division. The simplest example is the Liaodong Metropolitan Division and the Shaanxi Xingdu Division, both of which have only health offices and no prefectures and counties, so the health offices took over the role of prefectures and counties, and their chiefs went up to manage the army and the people.
2. Quasi-solid earth guards.
Nominally in Fuzhou County, but it occupies a large area of land and population, which is enough to compete with Fuzhou County, and the solid soil and quasi-real earth guards are mostly distributed in border areas or ethnic minority areas. This category is mainly found in coastal and inland border areas. As a simple example, in terms of coastal, the Ming Dynasty Shandong Chengshanwei was located in Wendeng County, but directly managed a large area of coastal territory, so in the Qing Dynasty, the land under the jurisdiction of Chengshanwei was directly set as Rongcheng County, and the area directly managed by Wendeng County was not reduced;There is also such a phenomenon in the inland, such as Shanxi Datong Zuowei and Yunchuan Wei Tongzhi in one city, which nominally belongs to Datong Mansion, but in fact these two Wei are directly managed, so it was directly changed to Zuoyun County in the Qing Dynasty.
3. Non-real soil guards.
The territory under the jurisdiction of the Wei is Fuzhou County, and the latter has an absolute advantage in land and population. This kind of guard post cannot be regarded as a local administrative area, and mainly includes the hinterland, in Beijing, and some coastal and border guard posts. For example, there is a Pingshan guard in the capital city of Dongchang Mansion in Shandong, and there is a Ren Chengwei in the capital city of Yanzhou Mansion in Shandong.
2. In Beijing or abroad.
1. In the Beijing Health Center.
Jingwei is the guard in the capital, which is divided into four types: Shangzhiwei, Beijing Wei, Nanjing Wei and non-Shangzhi are not subordinate to the government.
1.1. Upper direct pro-military guard.
Shangzhiwei can be simply understood as "the guard directly led by the emperor", which Xie Wei has a high status, which is reflected in their different names. The full name of the ordinary guard is the XX Wei Command Embassy, and the full name of the Shangzhi pro-military guard is the XX Wei Pro-Army Command Envoy.
Shangzhiwei is divided into Nanjing and Beijing, of which there are 26 in Beijing and 17 in Nanjing.
1.1.1. Beijing's direct pro-military guard.
There are a total of 26 military guards on the direct pro, of which 12 were set up by Ming Taizu, namely Jinyi Guard, Banner Guard, Jinwu Front and Rear Guard, Yulin Left and Right Guard, Fu Jun Guard, Fu Army Left and Right Front and Rear Guard, and Tiger Ben Left Guard.
Ming Chengzu added ten: Jinwu left and right guards, Yanshan left and right guards, Yulin front guards, Daxing left guards, Jiyang guards, Jeju guards, and Tongzhou guards.
Ming Xuanzong added four: Teng Xiang left and right guards, Wu Xiang left and right guards.
These twenty-six guards were not under the management of the Governor's Office of the Five Armies, but were directly under the management of the emperor. However, later, Teng Xiang and Wu Xiang became the troops under the control of the Imperial Horse Supervisor, which is a later story.
1.1.2. Nanjing Pro-Military Guard.
Jinwu front and rear left and right guards, Yulin left and right guards, government guards, government army left and right front and rear guards, tiger ben left and right guards, Jinyi guards, flag bearers, Jianghuai guards, Jichuan guards.
1.2. Beijing Wei.
There are a total of 36 guards and two health centers in Beijing, which belong to the five prefectures.
Zuofu: Left Guard, Zhennan Guard, Xiaoqi Right Guard, Dragon and Tiger Guard, Shenyang Left and Right Guard.
Right Mansion: Left behind the right guard, Tiger Ben right guard, Wu Dewei.
Zhongfu: Left behind in the guard, Shen Cewei, Ying Tianwei, Heyang Wei, Shepherd Thousand Households, Fan Mu Thousand Households.
Qianfu: Stay in the avant-garde, Long Xiangwei, Leopard Taowei.
Houfu: Left-behind guard, Yingyangwei, Xingwuwei, Daning Zhongqian Second Guard, Huizhou Wei, Fuyuwei, Kuanhewei, Shenwu Left Guard, Zhongyi Left and Right Front and Rear Four Guards, Yiyong Left and Right Front and Back Five Guards, Wucheng Middle Guard, Ulzhou Left Guard.
1.3. Nanjing Wei.
There are a total of 32 guards and two Nanjing health centers belonging to the five prefectures of Nanjing. (Note: The Nanjing Health Institute listed below should add the word "Nanjing" before the name.) ）
Zuofu: Left Guard, Zhennan Guard, Navy Left Guard, Xiaocai Right Guard, Dragon Tiger Guard, Dragon Tiger Left Guard, Yingwu Guard, Shenyang Left Guard, Shenyang Right Guard, Longjiang Right Guard.
Right Mansion: Left behind the right guard, Tiger Ben right guard, Navy right guard, Wu Dewei, Guangwu Wei.
Zhongfu: Left behind in the guard, Shence guard, Guangyangwei, Yingtianwei, Heyangwei, and horse herding thousands of households.
Qianfu: Staying in the Qianwei, Longjiang Left Guard, Long Xiang Wei, Flying Bear Guard, Tiance Guard, Leopard Tao Guard, Leopard Tao Left Guard.
Houfu: Left-behind guard, Henghaiwei, Yingyangwei, Xingwuwei, Jiangyinwei.
1.4. It is not a health office that does not belong to the government.
It stands to reason that the guard is either under the control of the emperor or the governor's office of the five armies. However, there are a few guards, which are neither directly related to the military guards, nor are they under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office of the Five Armies, which are equivalent to ordinary guards directly managed by the emperor. There are three kinds:
1.4.1. Six craftsmen and guards.
Martial arts left, middle and right three guards, Yongqing left and right two guards, Peng Chengwei. These six guards are all military craftsmen, so they are under the control of the Ministry of Works.
1.4.2. Fifteen mausoleum guards.
Changlingwei, Xianlingwei, Jinglingwei, Yulingwei, Maolingwei, Tailingwei, Kanglingwei, Yonglingwei, Zhaolingwei, Dinglingwei, Qinglingwei, Delingwei. This is the sixteenth listed in the sixty-sixth chapter of the "History of the Ming Dynasty", and then you asked, what about the fifteen mausoleum guards that were good?
Because this is the twelve guards of the Ming Tombs in Beijing (no one set up for Chongzhen, so there is one less), and the other three are all in other places, namely the filial piety of Nanjing, the imperial tomb guard of Zhongdu, and the Xianling guard of Chengtianfu.
But the problem is that these three guards were divided by the Nanjing Shangzhi, Zhongdu Left-behind Division, and Xingdu Left-behind DivisionIf you don't count, you can't make up enough of the fifteen here, so you can only spread your hands.
1.4.3. Lay down a thousand households, sacrifice a thousand households, and sacrifice a thousand households in Nanjing.
These fifteen mausoleum guards are all to watch the tomb, and the three places of Dianjing, sacrifice, and Nanjing sacrifice are sacrificed, so they are under the management of Taichang Temple.
2. In the outer guard station.
In the outer guard station, it was managed separately by the Governor's Office of the Five Armies.
Zuofu: Zhejiang Division, Liaodong Division, Shandong Division.
Right Mansion: Shaanxi Division, Sichuan Division, Guangxi Division, Yunnan Division, Guizhou Division, Shaanxi Division, Sichuan Division, Zhili Xuanzhou Wei.
Zhongfu: Henan Metropolitan Division, Zhongdu Left-behind Division, Nanzhili Guard.
Former government: Huguang Division, Fujian Division, Jiangxi Division, Guangdong Division, Huguang Division, Fujian Division, Xingdu Stay-behind Division, Zhili Jiujiangwei.
Houfu: Daning Division, Wanquan Division, Shanxi Division, Shanxi Xingdu Division, Beizhili Guard.
Note: The South Zhili Guard under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office of the Chinese Army: Yangzhou Wei, Gaoyou Wei, Yizhen Wei, Huai'an Wei, Zhenhaiwei, Chuzhou Wei, Xuzhou Wei, Suzhou Wei, Taicang Wei, Jinshanwei, Xin'an Wei, Sizhou Wei, Shouzhou Wei, Pizhou Wei, Dahewei, Yizhou Wei, Anqing Wei, Suzhou Wei, Tongguan Wei, Guide Wei, Wuping Wei, Zhenjiang Wei, Luzhou Wei, Liu'an Wei, Xuzhou Zuowei, Jianyang Wei, Runing Thousand Households, Songjiang Middle Thousand Households, Qingcun Zhongqian Thousand Households, Nanhuizui Middle and Later Thousand Households, Jiaxing Zhongzuo Thousand Households, Wusongjiang Thousand Households, Baoshan Thousand Households, Liuhebao Thousand Households, Chongming Sha Thousand Households, Xinghua Thousand Households, Tongzhou Thousand Households, Taizhou Thousand Households, Yancheng Thousand Households, Donghai Middle Thousand Households, Haizhou Zhongqian Thousand Households, Juzhou Thousand Households.
Jizhou Wei, Zhendingwei, Yongpingwei, Shanhaiwei, Zunhuawei, Miyun Zhongwei, Miyun Guard, Kaiping Zhongtunwei, Xingzhou Zuotunwei, Xingzhou Right Tunwei, Xingzhou Zhongtunwei, Xingzhou Qiantunwei, Xingzhou Houtunwei, Yanqingwei, Dongsheng Left Guard, Dongsheng Right Guard, Zhenshuo Wei, Zhuolu Wei, Dingbian Guard Shenwu Right Guard Shenwu Zhongwei, Zhongyi Zhongwei, Lu Longwei, Wuqingwei, Funingwei, Dezhou Wei, Ningshanwei, Datong Zhongtunwei, Shenyang Zhongtunwei, Dingzhou Wei, Tianjin Wei, Tianjin Zuowei, Tianjin Right Guard, Tongzhou Left Guard, Tongzhou Right Guard, Zhuolu Left Guard, Zhuolu Zhongwei, Hejian Wei, Tongguan Wei, Dezhou Left Guard, Liangcheng Thousand Households, Cangzhou Thousand Households, Baomaguan Thousand Households, Chaohe Thousand Households, Baiyangkou Thousand Households, Bohai Thousand Households, Kuanhe Thousand Households, Zhenbiancheng Thousand Households, Shunde Thousand Households, Wuding Thousand Households, Pingding Thousand Households, Puzhou Thousand Households.
Draw it on the map, roughly as shown in the image:
Press: This map is to be discussed, Xuande only established Wanquan Division, and at that time the Daning Division had already moved inward;Kaiping Zhuwei does not belong to the Daning Division, but to the original Beiping Division;After the abolition of the Beiping Division, Kaipingwei was directly subordinate to the military government, and was subordinate to the Wanquan Division after moving to the monolith. This map mainly reflects the location of Jiaozhi and Shanxi, Daning and Hami. ）
It can be seen that in addition to Nuergan, Duogan, Wusizang, Hami and Yunnan Waijiao, the Governor's Office of the Five Armies divided the territory of the Ming Dynasty according to their respective directions, and the Jiaozhi Prefecture set up by Yongle was also placed in the jurisdiction of the Right Prefecture. Although the quality of the Yongle Guard Station has declined rapidly, the corresponding areas of the Governor's Office of the Five Armies have not changed, because they are responsible for the promotion and replacement of the personnel of the guard post in their respective jurisdictions.
3. Tuntian?Guard?Guards?Military and civilian?Herdsman?Guarding the army and civilians?Tuntian Shouyu?
To be continued).