I. Introduction. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which is complex and related to a variety of factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle. As the disease progresses, patients with MM may experience symptoms such as anemia, bone pain, renal insufficiency, and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, although there are a variety of methods, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs and anti-CD38 antibodies, there are still some problems and challenges in practical application. Therefore, the search for new methods has become an urgent need. In recent years, with the development of immunity, especially the emergence of new types of immunity** such as CAR-T cells and bispecific T cell participation antibodies (BSABS), it has provided new possibilities for MM.
II. The Challenge of Traditional Governance.
Although traditional methods such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 antibodies have achieved certain results in MM, there are still many problems and challenges. For example, some patients may develop resistance to the drug, others may develop severe disease in addition, these methods do not completely** disease, patients need to undergo long-term treatment, and their quality of life is severely affected.
3. The development of new types of immunity.
In recent years, with the development of immunity, especially the emergence of new types of immunity** such as CAR-T cells and bispecific T cell participation antibodies (BSABS), it has provided new possibilities for MM. These methods activate the patient's own immune system by specifically recognizing and attacking tumor cells. These new immunizations have a higher response rate and longer survival than traditional methods, and are relatively small.
IV. Experimental or clinical evidence.
A large number of experimental and clinical evidence has shown that new immunization** such as CAR-T cells** and bispecific T cell participation antibodies (BSABS) have a significant effect in MM**. These methods were able to significantly improve patient response rates and survival, and were relatively small. In addition, these methods can also overcome the problem of drug resistance in traditional methods, providing new possibilities for MM.
5. Two main types of BCMA target CAR-T cells.
BCMA is a surface antigen expressed on MM cells and is therefore a target for CAR-T cells**. Currently, there are two main types of BCMA-targeted CAR-T cells that have shown good results in clinical trials. The first is CD19 BCMA dual-target CAR-T cells, which are able to recognize both BCMA and CD19 antigens at the same time, thus attacking tumor cells more effectively. The second is CD19 BCMA CD3 bifunctional CAR-T cells, which can activate the killing effect of T cells while recognizing antigens, so as to eliminate tumor cells more effectively.
6. Possible advantages and risks of early use.
While these new types of immune** have significant effects in MM**, they may also present some advantages and risks when used in the early stages. Advantages include the ability to control the progression of the disease earlier, reduce patient suffering and improve quality of life. Risks include the possibility of some serious complications such as infection, bleeding, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider factors such as individual patient differences and long-term immunity when using these new immune**s.
VII. Conclusions. Integrative immunization** has significant promise in *** or refractory multiple myeloma. Although it is still in clinical trials, as the technology continues to evolve and improve, it is believed that more patients will benefit from these new immunizations in the future**. At the same time, it is also necessary to fully consider the individual differences of patients, long-term *** and other factors to ensure the safety and efficacy of the best.