Emperor Zhu Houzhao of Zhengde was a rare prodigal monarch in ancient China. Huang Jingfang, a scholar at the end of the Ming Dynasty, criticized Zhu Houzhao and said: "In the world of righteousness, you can't be theoretical. In the past, Tang Xuan, Song Hui, or the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the beginning of diligence and the end of slackness. The emperor is a prodigal plant. The implication is that Zhu Houzhao is a natural emperor. This royal prodigal is smart and pretty. "Ming Shilu" described Zhu Houzhao as "pure quality is better than ice jade, and the spirit is radiant." "History of the Ming Dynasty: Wuzong Benji" added a stroke to his character: "Sexually intelligent, good at riding and shooting." However, knowing his son Mo Ruo's father, Zhu Houzhao's father left a minister on his deathbed: "Donggong (referring to Zhu Houzhao) is young, good at fun, and the gentlemen (referring to the scholars) are good at assisting him." Therefore, the Ming emperor Zhu Houzhao in the early 16th century, although he had intelligent and handsome personal qualities, but his uninhibited nature made the empire during his reign constantly struggle in civil strife, without a moment of calm, the early stage was Liu Jin's dictatorship, and the later period was Jiang Bin's chaotic government.
Zhu Houzhao was born on September 24 in the fourth year of Hongzhi (1491), and his biological mother was Empress Zhang, or Zheng Jinlian, a palace man. The following year, he was made crown prince. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), 15-year-old Zhu Houzhao ascended the throne and changed to Yuan Zhengde. At this time, the cabinet Liu Jian, Xie Qian, Li Dongyang, and the six Shangshu such as Liu Daxia and Ma Wensheng were all honest and capable. However, the danger of eunuchs interfering in politics is very serious. The eight eunuchs favored by Zhu Houzhao were called "Eight Parties" and "Eight Tigers" in the outer courts. Eunuch Liu Jin, one of the "Eight Parties", originally from Xingping County, Shaanxi, his surname was Tan, and Jingtaijian attached a eunuch surnamed Liu to the palace and changed his surname to Liu. In October of the first year of Zhengde (1506), Liu Jin entered the ceremonial supervisor and supervised the regimental camp. Liu Jin's rise made both the Wenchen of the Foreign Dynasty and the eunuch Wang Yue of the Eastern Factory feel threatened. Wang Yue proposed that internal and external forces be joined forces to expel Liu Jin. In the same month, Hubu Shangshu Han Wen and others jointly sent a letter to Liu Jin and others to the "Ten Standing Attendants" during the period of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, and demanded that eight people be executed. Zhu Hou was sparse, "crying and not eating", and ordered the eunuch Li Rong to convey the wish of the eight people to be treated lightly, but the courtiers refused. When Liu Jin heard the news, he went to Zhu Houzhao's palace by night, "wept in front of Emperor Fu and touched the ground with his head", and said that the courtiers colluded inside and outside to restrict the emperor's accessThe minister "dares to make an uproar", and "there is no one in the celebrant supervisor". Zhu Houzhao was furious when he heard this, and ordered Liu Jin to be the eunuch of the ceremonial eunuch, Qiu Ju to supervise the East Factory, and Gu Da to use the Commander of the West Factory to execute Wang Yue. Liu Jian, Xie Qian and others. The situation of the people is turning upside down overnight. After that, Liu Jin allied with Jiao Fang, Zhang Wei and other foreign dynasties to control the government. Zhu Houzhao himself has no interest in government politics. In the second year of Zhengde (1507), Zhu Houzhao ordered people to build a leopard house outside the Xihua Gate. The leopard room consumes more than 240,000 taels of silver, and is composed of more than 200 palaces and secret rooms. According to the "Records of Ming Wuzong", the leopard room is "a hundred somersaults and the like, which are flourishing in the forbidden place". The cunning Liu Jin plays something every time when Zhu Houzhao is having fun. Zhu Houzhao was very annoyed and said, "What do I use?"It's me!After that, Liu Jin "decided everything", and "Zhang Yue first had a red revelation of Jin, and the number was red;."Then go to the political secretary, and the number is white". In the red book, the sparse person calls himself "the old man of the benefactor of the little guy under the door".
Wang Shizhen, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, said after comparing the eunuchs of the previous dynasties: "Five out of ten ministers kneel when they see Wang Zhen, three out of ten kneel when they see Wang Zhi, and eight out of ten kneel when they see Liu Jin." In the third year of Zhengde (1508), Liu Jin added a special agency "Inner Factory", and the East Factory and the West Factory were among the inner factory supervision. In May of the fifth year of Zhengde (1510), Zhu Ningyao, the king of Ninghua in Anhua (now Qingyang County), Shaanxi, rebelled. The imperial court sent Yang Yiqing and the eunuch Zhang Yong to quell the rebellion. Zhang Yong was also one of the "Eight Tigers" at the beginning, and was squeezed out by Liu Jin at the moment. In August, Zhang Yong's class returned to the court. Zhu Houzhao set up a banquet, and Liu Jin accompanied him. At night, after Liu Jin left, Zhang Yong told the emperor that Liu Jin had an attempt to rebel and listed 17 of his lawlessness. Zhu Houzhao, who was slightly drunk, was very angry, bowed his head and said, "Enslave me!."Zhang Yong took the opportunity to say: "This cannot be delayed, and if it is slow, the slaves will be powdered." Ma Yongcheng, one of the "Eight Tigers", also chimed in. Zhu Houzhao immediately ordered Zhang Yong to lead the official school to arrest Liu Jin that night. The next day, Zhu Hou sent Liu Jin to Fengyang to guard the mausoleum. However, the raid on the house found that Liu Jin had prohibited items such as a gown, a jade belt, an armor fight, a bow and a crossbow, and two daggers were hidden in the folding fan in his hand. Zhu Houzhao scolded: "Slave fruit is anti!."In the end, 60-year-old Liu Jin was executed by Ling Chi for the crime of treason.
After Liu Jin's death, Zhu Houzhao's favor for the eunuchs diminished. Officer Jiang Bin became Zhu Houzhao's new favorite. In the 6th year of Jeongdeok (1511), in order to resist the land seizure of Huangzhuang, Liu broke out near Gyeonggi.
6. The peasant uprising led by Liu Qi. The imperial court dispatched troops from the border towns to suppress the rebels, and the Datong guerrilla Jiang Bin was also among them. The following year, the border army was ordered**. While passing through Beijing, Jiang Bin bribed Qian Ning, the commander of Jinyiwei, and was able to meet the emperor. The dignified Jiang Bin immediately won Zhu Houzhao's favor and stayed in Beijing to administer the prison. What Jiang Bin brought to the emperor was no longer the petty tricks of the eunuchs, but the rich outside world. In order to cater to the emperor, Jiang Bin constantly persuaded the emperor to hunt and patrol the border. In the first month of the twelfth year of Zhengde (1517), Zhu Houzhao went to the southern suburbs to sacrifice heaven and earth, hunted in Nanhaizi by the way, and returned to the palace at night to accept the congratulations of the ministers, and the court ceremony was extremely chaotic. In August, Zhu Houzhao went out of Beijing to patrol the border. The scholars chased him to Shahe and asked Zhu Houzhao to return to the palace, but they didn't listen. However, Zhang Qin, the imperial historian who inspected Juyong Pass, refused to let Zhu Houzhao out of the pass. 17 days later, Zhu Houzhao secretly went out of Beijing from Deshengmen again, out of Juyongguan, to Xuanfu, and ordered Gu Dayong to guard the pass and not let the court ** out of the customs. In Xuanfu, Zhu Houzhao called himself "the governor of military affairs, the mighty general, the chief military officer", and ordered someone to transport the treasures and women of the leopard house to the Zhenguo Mansion built for him by Jiang Bin. In the middle of the night, the emperor and Jiang Bin would break into the official residence and ask for women. Zhu Houzhao, who was happy to return, called Xuanfu "home". He returned to the capital in the first month of the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518) and returned to Xuanfu after only staying for more than ten days. He seems to prefer to be a general rather than an emperor. When his grandmother was mourning, Emperor Zhu Houzhao was wearing a "military uniform". In September, Zhu Houzhao, who was in Datong, sent an edict to the Ministry of War: "Zhu Shou, the mighty general of the governor's military affairs, personally commanded the six divisions and eliminated the captives ,......Tegawa Grand General Duke Yu Lu. At this time, Zhu Houzhao was very keen on identity change. He was "Zhenguo Gong Zhu Shou" for a while, and "King Daqing occupied Pandan for a while".
According to the literature, Emperor Zhengde considered himself a reincarnation of the Black Hat Gagyu sect. Zhu Houzhao was bored on the northern border.
, I want to visit Jiangnan again. In February of the fourteenth year of Zhengde (1519), Zhu Houzhao issued an edict that "Zhu Shou, the Duke of Zhenguo", would go to the mountain.
East, Nanjing and other places to worship the gods and pray for blessings. The ministers admonished one after another, and some of them were punished with the cane of the court. However, June is in.
The rebellion of Zhu Chenhao, King of Ning, that broke out in Nanchang, Jiangxi, gave Zhu Houzhao plenty of excuses to travel south. In August, Zhu Houzhao borrowed his relatives to enlist.
He left Beijing and arrived in Nanjing in December of the same year. By this time, the rebellion had been put down. Therefore, Zhu Houzhao wanted.
All I did was fish and hunt along the canal. At the end of September in the fifteenth year of Zhengde (1520), he returned to Beijing with all his might.
Zhu Houzhao went fishing in a place called Jishui Pond. Slightly drunk, he got on a small boat alone. As a result, the ship suddenly.
Flipped. The attendants scooped him out of the water. The long-term wine color hollowed out Zhu Houzhao's body, and he suddenly caught a cold and frightened.
further deterioration of his health. On March 14 of the sixteenth year of Zhengde (1521), Zhu Houzhao died of illness in the leopard in the capital.
Fang, only 31 years old. Before his death, Zhu Houzhao reviewed the behavior of favoring eunuchs. He commanded the celebrant, "Heaven."
The next matter is serious, and the cabinet ministers will be punished, and the past will be wronged, and it is not possible for you to predict it!"But the bad governance is the Cabinet.
University scholar Yang Tinghe implemented. With the assistance of the Empress Dowager and the eunuchs, Yang Tinghe issued an edict ordering the border troops to return to the garrison, plan to capture Jiang Bin, and wipe out Jiang Bin's henchmen.
Zhu Houzhao had no sons or brothers, and his cousin Zhu Houxi became the next emperor. In May, Zhu Houxi honored Zhu Houzhao.
He is known as "Emperor Yi". In September, Zhu Houzhao was buried in Kangling, and the temple name was Wuzong. A few years later, "Wuzong Record" is right.
The emperor still affirmed it, believing that Zhu Houzhao "can protect the foundation of the ancestors", and "the root of it lies in the appointment of the prime minister."
Supplementary, the discipline is orderly, and there is no obscenity and punishment to hurt the hearts of the people." "History of the Ming Dynasty and Wuzong Benji" believes that Zhu Houzhao can protect his ancestors.
The reason for Zong's foundation is that "it is fortunate to use the handle of people to bow to their own management, and Bingjun's ministers make up for Tho Kuang's rescue, which is to be disordered by the dynasty, and not."
The bottom is in danger". Both reviews talk about Zhu Houzhao's "employment" and "appointment", which is probably Zhu Houzhao's governance of the government.
The only merit that can be described!
In the first year of Zhengde, Bingyin, the heir, was still in childhood. Left and right fortunate ministers to guide the game of the day, because of the late sleep, the frequent luck of the supervision bureau for fun, or riding a bow and arrow, going out of the forbidden door to catapult birds, or opening a market, selling goods, and offering the waiter.
Wine and food, regardless of the thickness of the food. The ministers are tired and sparse, and they are all unconscious.
Ming Chen Hongmo, "Following the Century News", Volume 1.
Fortunately in Yan'an, the ministers saw them off. Routine: The eunuch of the town guards holds wine, and the governor dispenses with the chopsticks. It's late in the day, and the governor is all in the imperial history.
Zheng Yang put the chopsticks in his sleeves, afraid of being lost. When it came up, the entourage guards disturbed, squeezed the governor down, and the cover was uniform, which was indistinguishable. There was no chopsticks at the imperial seat, and he hurriedly shouted, "Send the chopsticks!.""Suddenly there is nowhere to be found. Shang smiled and said: "If I am a caressing officer, I will never."
So sluggish. Although it is a joke, you can also look up to its popularity.
Ming Chen Hongmo, "Following the Century News", vol. 6.