What are the effects of high and low temperatures on the performance of lithium batteries?

Mondo Technology Updated on 2024-01-29

Damage to lithium batteries at high temperatures:

As the temperature drops, so does the electrode reaction rate. Assuming that the battery voltage maintenance does not change, the amount of charge and discharge current decreases, and the power of the rechargeable battery also decreases. From the perspective of various environmental factors, temperature is more harmful to the charging characteristics of rechargeable batteries, and the electrochemical corrosion of electrodes and lithium battery electrolyte pages is closely related to the working temperature, and lithium battery electrolyte pages are considered to be the cardiovascular of rechargeable batteries. On the contrary, it is the temperature rise, that is, the power of the lithium polymer lithium battery rises. In addition, the temperature will continue to jeopardize the transport rate of the lithium battery electrolyte, the temperature rise will be accelerated, the transport temperature will decrease, the transport rate will slow down, and the charging characteristics of the lithium battery will continue to be harmed. However, high temperatures above 45 can destroy the chemical balance inside the rechargeable battery, causing adverse reactions.

40 60 Special low-temperature lithium battery products (special low-temperature lithium batteries are recommended).

Damage of lithium batteries at low temperatures:

When applied in a low-temperature natural environment for a short time, or when the temperature is not low enough, lithium batteries can only temporarily endanger the battery power, but it is not easy to cause permanent damage. However, long-term application in a low-temperature natural environment, or in a low-temperature natural environment of -40, is likely to lead to the "freezing" of lithium batteries, resulting in permanent harm.

In addition, when the lithium battery is charged at low temperature, the lithium metal will be dissolved in the anodized surface of the rechargeable battery, and the whole process is irreversible. This will result in the permanent destruction of the rechargeable battery and reduce the safety factor of the rechargeable battery. Therefore, many lithium battery equipment will have protective equipment, so that the battery can not be charged at low temperatures.

The effect of temperature on the charging of lithium batteries

In the power supply system of pure electric vehicles, temperature control is one of the most important main parameters, but also the key element of endangering battery performance, in all battery test system software, the temperature must be indicated, because the temperature has great harm to the performance of the battery, including the internal resistance of the rechargeable battery, filling characteristics, charging and discharging characteristics, safety factor, service life, etc.

The average charge-discharge working voltage and volume of lithium batteries decrease with the decrease of temperature, especially around -20, and the charge-discharge volume and average charge-discharge working voltage of rechargeable batteries decrease rapidly.

According to the electrochemical analysis, the transformation of SEI film resistors and aqueous solution resistors in the whole temperature range is not large, and the low-temperature characteristics of rechargeable batteries are less harmful. However, the charge transfer resistor has a large variation in the whole temperature range, and the variation is greater than that of the aqueous solution resistor and the SEI film resistor. The reason depends on the decrease of temperature, the positive ion conductivity of the lithium battery electrolyte decreases, and the SEI film resistor and electrochemical corrosion resistor increase, which in turn causes the increase of European mother polarization, concentration polarization and photocatalytic polarization at low temperature.

It is best to use lithium batteries at temperatures between 0 and 35. Lithium-ion batteries are specifically reduced at low temperature standards, and the charging and discharging ability of rechargeable batteries becomes weaker, and the service time is reduced. In a short-term low-temperature natural environment, the destruction of lithium batteries is only temporary, and it is not easy to cause harm to the battery power. After the temperature warms up, the trait will be repaired.

However, if the rechargeable battery is charged in an ultra-low temperature environment for a long time, the anodized surface of the rechargeable battery will dissolve the lithium metal, and this whole process is irreversible, which will cause permanent harm to the battery power. Because of the product quality problems of the rechargeable battery itself, as well as its own product quality problems and embrittlement problems, the mobile phone will automatically turn off at low temperatures, on the one hand, for the reason of protecting the battery, on the other hand, it is also caused by the unqualified manufacturing and aging of its own battery.

Summary:Because the working voltage service platform of lithium batteries is low when charging and discharging at low temperature, the low temperature charging and discharging volume is significantly reduced, but with the development of battery charging at room temperature, the damage will be fully automatically compensated and is classified as reversible damage. However, when charging a low-temperature battery, too low temperature or too high rate usually causes irreversible lithium dendrite and irreversible volume damage to the lithium cell, which in turn endangers the safety factor of the rechargeable battery.

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