The performance of a fully threaded stud is highly dependent on the type and quality of its material. Different usage environments and functional requirements affect the choice of materials that are available. Below, we will take a closer look at common fully threaded stud materials and the characteristics they give to them.
1.Made of carbon steel.
Carbon steel is one of the most commonly used materials for fully threaded studs, which has won the market due to its excellent mechanical properties and cost-benefit ratio. Common carbon steel materials include low carbon steel (e.g., Q195, Q235), medium carbon steel (e.g., 35, 45), and alloy steel (e.g., 40Cr, 35crMo). Mild steel has moderate strength and is easy to process;Medium carbon steel has better hardness and strength;Alloy steels, on the other hand, maintain strength while adding other elements to improve corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. For example, 40Cr and 35CrMo alloy steels with chromium and molybdenum added not only have high hardness, but also significantly improve wear and impact resistance.
2.Made of stainless steel.
The corrosion resistance of stainless steel studs is particularly outstanding in the material of fully threaded studs. Common stainless steel materials are 304(a (a, etc.) 304 stainless steel contains high nickel and chromium, which is well resistant to the atmosphere, water and many chemicals, making it the most economical and versatile stainless steel material. 316 stainless steel, on the other hand, has better corrosion resistance due to its molybdenum content, especially in marine and chemical industry environments. 321 stainless steel has titanium added to optimize its resistance to high temperatures.
3.Made of superalloy.
In some extremely demanding industrial applications, fully threaded studs made of superalloy are sufficient. For example, Inconel (chromium-nickel-based), Monel (nickel-copper-based), Hastelloy (nickel-molybdenum-chromium), etc. This kind of superalloy has been widely used in aerospace, nuclear energy and petrochemical fields due to its good high-temperature properties, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The Inconel 625, for example, can operate in environments up to 700 degrees Celsius for long periods of time without failing.
4.Specially handled materials.
In addition to conventional materials, fully threaded studs can also be improved by special treatments, such as heat treatment (quenching and tempering), surface treatment (galvanizing, nickel plating, hot-dip galvanizing), coating (PTFE coating, zinc-aluminum coating), etc. These treatments can increase the hardness of the material, reduce wear, enhance corrosion resistance, or provide additional physical and chemical characteristics.
Factors influencing material selection.
When choosing the material of a fully threaded stud, a variety of factors need to be considered. The operating environment (temperature, humidity, corrosive media), load requirements (tensile, shear, vibration), and cost budget are all key factors in the choice of material. For example, when outdoors exposed to marine climates, 316 stainless steel or galvanized carbon steel fully threaded studs may be a better choice. For standard indoor applications, mild steel studs that have not undergone special treatment may be sufficient.