Li Shou (300-343), a native of Chengdu County, Shu County (now Chengdu, Sichuan Province), was a cousin of Emperor Li Xiong of Chengwu and the fourth emperor of the Cheng Han Dynasty (338-343).
In the twenty-fourth year of Yuheng (334), Li Yue, the brother of Li Qi, killed Li Ban and established Li Qi as the emperor, and Li Qi succeeded to the throne and renamed Li Shou as the king of Han. In the fourth year of Yuheng (338), Li Shou led the army to conquer Chengdu, abolished Li period and became independent, changed the name of the country to Han, and built Yuan Hanxing.
In the sixth year of Han Xing (343), Li Shou died at the age of forty-four, the temple name Zhongzong, the name Zhaowen Emperor, and was buried in Anchang Mausoleum.
So today, let's talk about the life of the mediocre emperor Li Shou, the Zhaowen Emperor of the Han Dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China, let's take a look.
A brief biography of Emperor Li Shou of Zhaowen of the Cheng Han Dynasty.
Early life experience. Li Shou is smart and studious, elegant and generous, and has advocated etiquette and tolerance since he was a child, which is different from other children of the Li family. His cousin, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Li Xiong, thought that he was talented enough to shoulder heavy responsibilities, and worshiped him as a former general, supervised the Brazilian military, and was promoted to the general of the expedition to the east. At the age of nineteen, he hired a priest as a guest, completely obeyed his upright words, and was very prominent in Brazil.
After the death of his father Li Xiang, he was promoted to general, governor of the capital, and servant, and was knighted as the Duke of Fufeng, and recorded the affairs of Shangshu. When conquering Ningzhou, he besieged and attacked for more than 100 days, and all the counties were pacified, Li Xiong was very happy and named him the king of Jianning.
Assist the government. In June of 334 A.D. (the twenty-fourth year of Yuheng), Li Xiong fell ill and recruited Li Shou to accept the edict to assist the government. On June 25, Li Xiong died, and the crown prince Li Ban ascended the throne as Emperor Cheng Han. Li Shou was appointed as the secretary of the book, and the political affairs of the court were decided by Li Shou, Situ He Dian, and Shangshu Wang Gui. Li Ban is the son of Li Xiong's eldest brother, Li Dang.
In October of 334 A.D. (the twenty-fourth year of Yuheng), Li Xiong's fourth son Li Yue ran from Jiangyang County (now Luzhou, Sichuan) to mourn, and his brother Li Qi conspired to kill Li Ban, Li Qi called the emperor, Li Qi succeeded to the throne, changed the title of Li Shou to the Han Dynasty, Shiyi for the five counties of Liangzhou, and concurrently served as the assassin of Liangzhou.
Occupy Chengdu. Li Shouwei is famous and is deeply feared by Li Yue, Jing Qian and others, and Li Shou is also worried. Instead of Li Yutun guarding Fucheng, whenever the date of the court meeting came, he often excused himself that the military situation in the frontier was urgent and there was no one to guard it, so he could not go to the court. Li Shou also saw that more than a dozen brothers of Li Qi and Li Yue were in the prime of life, and they all had strong soldiers, and he was afraid that he would be difficult to protect, so he hired the Brazilian Gong Zhuang many times. Although Gong Zhuang did not apply, he went to see Li Shou many times.
At that time, the Minshan landslide and the river dried up, Li Shou thought it was ominous, and often asked Gong Zhuang how to protect himself. Gong Zhuang didn't have a suitable opportunity because Li Qi's grandfather Li Teh killed his father and uncle and wanted to borrow someone else's hand to take revenge, so he persuaded Li Shoudao: "If Your Highness can abandon the small rules and obey the great cause, and turn danger into safety, then the founding of the country and the long-term princedom will be a prince, and the reputation will surpass that of Duke Qi Huan and Duke Wen of Jin, and the merits will be passed down for a hundred generations." Li Shou listened to his advice, and privately discussed with Luo Heng, a native of Luoyang, a long-term historian, and Xie Siming, a Brazilian, to occupy Chengdu and surrender to the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In 338 A.D. (the fourth year of Yuheng), Li Shou swore an oath with Wenwu **, a total of thousands of people, attacked Chengdu, the capital of the Han Dynasty, and conquered Chengdu, conniving at the soldiers to loot, so that ** robbed Li Xiong's daughters and the women of the Li family, mutilated many people, and it took several days to settle down.
Succeeded to the throne as emperor. After conquering Chengdu, Luo Heng reconciled with Siming, Li Yi, Wang Li and others persuaded Li Shou to proclaim himself the general of Zhenxi, the pastor of Yizhou, and the king of Chengdu, and to the Eastern Jin Dynasty; And Ren reconciled with Sima Caixing, Li Yan and Zhang Lie to persuade Li Shou to establish himself as emperor. Li Shou ordered the Zhan Zheng, and the Zhan said: "You can be the Son of Heaven for several years." Ren Tiao said happily: "When one day can still be satisfied, let alone a few years!" Xie Siming said: "When the Son of Heaven for a few years, ** is comparable to the princes of a hundred generations!" Li Shou said: "When I heard the truth, I can die at night." Ren Hou's words are the best policy. ”
In the same year, Li Shou became the emperor, pardoned the criminals in the territory, changed the year name to Hanxing, and changed the country name "Cheng" to "Han", which was known as Cheng Han in history. Dong Jiao was appointed as Xiangguo, Luo Heng and Ma Dang were appointed as humerus, Li Yi, Ren Diao, and Li Hong were minions, and Xie Siming was appointed as the mastermind. Gong Zhuang was hired as a master with an car and a bundle, but Gong Zhuang resolutely resigned, allowing him to wear a scarf and ribbon, and was in the position of a mentor and friend. Promote the sluggish talents and give them prominent status. posthumously honored his father Li Xiang as the emperor, and his mother Zan as the queen mother; He made his wife Yan the queen and his son Li Shi the crown prince.
In July of 338 A.D. (the first year of Han Xing), someone accused Li Gan, the Taishou of Guanghan, and the ministers of conspiring to abolish Li Shou. Li Lifetime ordered his son Li Guanghe to swear an oath in the front hall and transferred Li Qian to the post of Hanjia Taishou. There was a heavy storm and lightning struck its end door. Li Shou deeply remorseful and blamed himself, and ordered his ministers to be extremely loyal and not stick to taboos.
In August of 338 A.D. (the first year of Han Xing), it rained continuously in Chenghan, the people were famine, and the epidemic was epidemic. Li Shou ordered the ministers to state the gains and losses of the government to their heart's content.
The Great Palace Chamber. Li Shou inherited Li Xiong's broad and frugal style, and had just usurped the throne, so he followed Li Xiong's policy and had not yet indulged his desires. At the same time that Li Hong and Wang Yi came back from Yecheng, they praised Zhao Shihu for his mighty and strong, the palace was magnificent and gorgeous, and the people of Yedi were solid and wealthy. Li Shou also learned that Shi Hu was rampantly abusing the criminal law, and Wang Xun also controlled his subordinates by killing and punishing, and he could control the state he ruled.
And because the population in the suburbs is not large, there is nothing in the city, craftsmen and equipment, and there is a lack of all aspects, so the families with more than three strong men in the nearby counties were moved to Chengdu to enrich Chengdu, and the Shangfang Imperial Mansion was established, and the skilled craftsmen of various prefectures and counties were transferred there, and the palace was built on a large scale, and water was brought into the city, blindly pursuing luxury. He also expanded Taixue and built a temple. The people were exhausted by the drive to serve, and the cries and sighs could be heard everywhere, and nine out of ten people who wanted to rebel could be heard. His left servant shot Cai Xing and tried his best to dissuade him, but Li Shou thought it was slander and killed him. The right servant shot Li Wei repeatedly refuted his will with straightforward words, and Li Shou was dissatisfied many times, and put him in prison and killed him under the pretense of other crimes.
In July 343 (the sixth year of Han Xing), Li Shou died at the age of forty-four, and reigned for a total of six years. After his death, he was called Emperor Zhaowen, and the temple was called Zhongzong, and he was buried in Anchang Mausoleum.
How to evaluate the period of Emperor Zhaowen Li Shou of the Han Dynasty in history?
1.When Li Shou began to be the king, he was studious and loved people, and he also hoped to do the right thing, whenever he read the story of the good generals and virtuous people, there was no one who did not recite it repeatedly, so he could conquer the Quartet and win, and open up a thousand miles of land. Li Xiong is very humble in the upper position, and Li Shou is also extremely loyal in the lower position, and is known as a virtuous minister. After ascending to the throne, he rebuilt the temple, and took his father Li Xiang as the temple of the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Li Te, Li Xiong as the Dacheng Temple, and wrote that he and Li Qi and Li Yue were not the same family, but all kinds of systems have been changed. Most of the subordinates below the minister's level, Li Xiong's former ministers and scholars from the six counties at that time, were deposed. When Li Shougang was sick, Xie Siming and others once again proposed to serve the royal family, but Li Shou did not agree. Li Yan wrote a letter from Yueshan, persuading Li Shou to return to orthodoxy, remove the emperor's title and claim the king, Li Shou was furious and killed him, in order to threaten Gong Zhuang, Xie Siming and others. Gong Zhuang wrote seven poems, pretending that they were written by Ying Xuan to satirize Li Shou. Li Shou replied: "I know the meaning after reading the poem." If it is the work of a modern person, it is the words of a sage. If it was written by the ancients, it was just a cliché of a dead ghost! "I usually admire the actions of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wei Ming, but I am ashamed to hear people talk about the things of his father and brother, and the person who reads the book cannot say that the political achievements of the ancestors are edified, because he thinks that he surpasses his ancestors.
2.Evaluation of the past dynasties: Fang Xuanling's "Book of Jin": Wu Kao relied on his world's wealth, stole the position of the poor soldiers, committed a hundred weeks, and was very poisonous, and was preserved, how fortunate it was! Keen and studious, elegant and sudden, young and polite, different from the sons of the Li family. Heroic talents, thinking that they are full of heavy responsibilities".
Related topic: Li Shou, the emperor of the Cheng Han Dynasty who took Shile as a role model.
After the death of Li Xiong, the founding emperor of the Cheng Han Dynasty, he let his brother's son Li Ban succeed him, which attracted the dissatisfaction of his own sons. Li Ban was murdered by Li Xiong's sons in the year of his reign, and Li Qi succeeded to the throne, and the mastermind Li Yue was in charge of the government.
At that time, in the entire Cheng Han Dynasty, the most prestigious was Li Xiong's cousin Li Shou, because Li Xiong's sons regarded it"Stumbling blocks", Li Qi invited him to Chengdu several times, but he didn't dare to go. Finally, at the instigation of his subordinates, Li Shou decided to send troops to attack Chengdu, and the banner he won was"The Li family wants to be the princes of a hundred generations, not the son of heaven who disobeys the Jin Dynasty", that is to say, his slogan is to pull down Li Qi, who is the emperor, and become the king of Chengdu himself, and then take the initiative to claim the title of minister to the Jin Dynasty.
As a result, in 338 AD, Li Shou's army easily defeated Chengdu, and he began to play tricks on the question of whether he would become king or emperor. First of all, he asked people to divination, and the divination said that he could be the emperor for a few years, and his subordinates all said it"Aren't you going to be a prince for a hundred years? Being an emperor for a few years is better than being a Duke of Qi Huan? "Guess what Li Shou said? "Chaowen said that he could die at night", do it for a few years!
Originally, the name of the country established by Li Xiong was called"into", Li Shou said that the emperor changed the name of the country to"Han", so the history books refer to this regime as Cheng Han. Li Shou's performance during his reign can be attributed to one"Learn"Words, not because of self-motivation and the kind of learning, but because of no opinion, no insight and blind learning.
In the early stage, he learned from his cousin Li Xiong, who was generous and liked to talk about big truths, and thought about how the ancients governed the country all day long. However, it was useless, and there would still be rebellions among his subordinates, so Li Shou trembled all day long and tried all kinds of ways to strengthen his rule, even forcing his son and ministers to swear to him one by one. It wasn't until later that his envoys returned from out of town and described to him Shile's ruling style, and Li Shou was instantaneous"Daigo empowerment"It's like a different person.
In the later period, Li Shou began to learn Shile, first starting from learning the wealth of others. The population of the capital city was large, so he moved from the suburbs to Chengdu; The palace was magnificent, and he spent all his money to build it. In short, one idea a day makes the people anxious and the national strength declines. That is, relying on his territory not being sandwiched between other forces, no one has paid attention to Cheng Han for the time being.
If it's just about learning extravagance, it's only one aspect, the key is that he still learns to kill people. Li Shou"Enlightenment"Later, he suddenly felt that if he wanted his subordinates to rebel, he had to establish his prestige, and if he wanted to establish prestige, he had to kill people. You can imagine a person who doesn't like to kill people by nature, just because he thinks it is"The Way of Domination", and shouted that sentence head-on"Pull it down and cut it off", how embarrassing. Therefore, in the later period of Li Shou's reign, there were often cases where the courtiers were executed by Li Shou for a small mistake, which not only did not establish any prestige, but made people feel that he was a little angry and corrupt.
Such an emperor came to the end of his life in 343 AD, and he did not know that he had done so, and although he did not become the king of the fallen country, he was only four years away from the fall of the Cheng Han Dynasty. In the case of a bad government, the crown prince Li Shi, who imitated his father all day long in the palace, succeeded to the throne. Collecting money, mania, and murder, or that set, in 347 AD, Huan Wen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty led the army all the way to a breakthrough, and Li Shi took the initiative to surrender in exchange for being sent to the Eastern Jin Dynasty to live, and the marquis enjoyed the treatment of his old age.
Who was the father of Emperor Li Shou of Zhaowen of the Cheng Han Dynasty?
Li Xiang, the character Yuanlong, the Ba Yi people. Minister of the Cheng Han Clan. The son of Li Mu, the younger brother of Li Te, and the father of Li Shou.
Biography: Li Teshi was a cavalry general, and Li Xiong was called the emperor and named him the Taifu. Li Xiangsheng captured Jiao Deng, the general of the Jin Dynasty stationed in Fucheng, so that Zitong and Brazil County became the land of the Cheng Han Dynasty. After Li Shou ascended the throne, he was posthumously dedicated to the emperor.
Who was the empress of Emperor Li Shou of Zhaowen of the Cheng Han Dynasty?
Empress Yan, Yan Shi, Empress Li Shou of Emperor Wen of Han Zhao. Later, she became the queen mother. The adoptive mother of Li Shi, the lord of the late Han Dynasty.
Yan Shi, Empress Li Shou of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. Later, she became the queen mother. The adoptive mother of Li Shi, the lord of the late Han Dynasty. The year of birth and death, family history, and place of origin are unknown. In April 338, Li Shou led an army from Fu County into Chengdu, abolished Li Qi and established himself as emperor, and established Yan as empress. In 343, Li Shou died, and his son Li Shi ascended the throne, honoring Yan as the empress dowager.
What are the sons and daughters of Emperor Li Shou of Zhaowen of the Cheng Han Dynasty?
Son: 1, Li Shi (?) 361), Ziren, the eldest son of Emperor Zhaowen of the Cheng Han Dynasty, Li Shou, mother Li, the last emperor of the Cheng Han State during the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms period, reigned in 343 and 347.
At the beginning, Li Shou's wife Yan had no children, and Li Shou's father, Li Xiang, killed Li Feng, married Li Shou's daughter as a concubine, and gave birth to Li Shi.
Li Qi, the prince of the Han Dynasty, liked Li Shi's posture and appearance, and worshiped him as the general of the Yi army and the son of the king of Han. Li Shi is 7 feet 9 inches tall, has a thick waist and 14 girths, and is good at pitching, which makes people feel very strange at the time. In the first year of Jianyuan (343), Li Shou died, and Li Shi succeeded to the throne, pardoned the criminals in the territory, and changed the name to Taihe. Honored his mother-in-law Yan as the queen mother, and set up his wife Li ("Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen Kingdoms" as Ji's) as the queen.
During Li Shi's reign, he was arrogant and stingy, greedy for money and lustful, murdered and took his wife, ignored state affairs, brutalized ministers, and abused the criminal law, and everyone was in danger at that time. In the third year of Yonghe (347), Sima Huan Wen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty led an army to defeat Li Shi, Li Shi's troops were defeated and surrendered, and Cheng Han perished. Huan Wen moved Li Shi and more than 10 of his relatives to Jiankang, the capital of Jin (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and named Li Shi as the Marquis of Guiyi. In the fifth year of Shengping (361), Li Shi died.
2. Li Guang is the son of Li Shou, Emperor Zhaowen of the Cheng Han Dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the minister of the Cheng Han clan, the younger brother of Li Shi, the queen of the Cheng Han Dynasty, the king of Han, and the official to the general.
Biography: Li Shi has no son, and his younger brother Li Guang wants to be the emperor's younger brother. Li Shi refused. At this time, Ma Dang and Xie Siming came forward to intercede for Li Guang. Li Shi suspected that the two had a conspiracy with Li Guang, so he pursued the two and sent people to attack Li Guang on the one hand. Li ** committed suicide after the interrogation.
Daughter: Mrs. Li (?) - Shu County Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan) people, for the princess of the Han Dynasty, the daughter of Emperor Li Shou of the Han Zhaowen Emperor (one said to be the last emperor Li Shinu), the Cheng Han Dynasty perished, because of the princess's beautiful appearance, it was accepted by the Duke Huan Wen of the Southern County of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Biography: Mrs. Li is the princess of the Cheng Han Dynasty, the daughter of Emperor Li Shou of the Han Zhaowen Emperor (one says that the last emperor Li Shinu), the Cheng Han Dynasty perished, because of the beauty of the princess, she was accepted by the Duke Huan Wen of the Southern County of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the fall of Gonghuan Wen of the Southern County of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, he married Li Shi's sister as a concubine. Huan Wen's wife, Princess Nankang, was very jealous when she found out, so she drew her sword and went to the Li family's residence, preparing to cut people. As a result, I saw Li combing his hair in front of the window, "with a beautiful appearance, slowly knotting his hair, holding his hands to the Lord, looking leisurely and upright, and his words were very sad." Seeing the beauty and pity and love, he hugged him before throwing the knife and said: "Azi, I have pity when I see you, not to mention the old slave." "It means that even I will be moved when I see it, let alone the old fellow. Hence the idiom "I see pity" comes from.
Extended Information: Introduction to the Cheng Han Dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Cheng Han (304-347) was one of the Sixteen Kingdoms.
In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, natural disasters and man-made disasters were rampant, and Li Te, the leader of the Bayi tribe in Shu County, Yizhou, led the refugees to rebel against the Jin Dynasty. In 297, Li Teh led the Guanzhong Militia to the south of Hanzhong. In 302, he proclaimed himself the envoy, the governor of the capital, and the general of the northern part of the town. In the second year (303), Li Teh led an army to attack Chengdu, but Yizhou assassin Shi Luoshang refused, and Li Teh died in battle. His younger brother Li Liu continued to lead the displaced people in battle, and died of illness the following year. Li Xiong, the son of Li Te, took over as the leader, Li Xiong captured Chengdu in the same year, and proclaimed himself the king of Chengdu in October, and was called the emperor in 306, the country was called Cheng, and the history was called Chenghan.
In 334, Li Xiong fell ill and died, leaving his brother's son Li Ban to succeed him, and a few months later, Li Xiong's son Li Qi killed Li Ban to stand on his own. In 338, Li Shou, the son of Li Xiang, killed Li Qi and established himself as emperor. Li Shou lived a life of luxury and debauchery, and the people were severely oppressed by forced labor. After Li Shou's death, his son Li Shi succeeded to the throne and slaughtered on a large scale, and the country's strength weakened even more.
In 347, the Eastern Jin general Huan Wen led his troops to attack the Cheng Han, and the Cheng Han Emperor Li Shi surrendered, and the remnants of the Cheng Han were wiped out by the Jin dynasty in 349.
February** Dynamic Incentive Program