As a country established by the Qiang people during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, when Yao Xing took over, it was a mess left by Yao Chang, the founding monarch of the Later Qin, but under his own hard work, Yao Xing's achievements in governing the country were much higher than Yao Chang, filling a lot of holes in the broken ship of the Later Qin, attacking and destroying other countries externally, integrating the unstable forces internally, and eradicating them while pulling them together, so that the Later Qin seemed to look very powerful.
Messy Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms.
But the prosperity and decline, Yao Xing successively encountered strong enemies such as Tuoba, Helian Bobo, Liu Yu, etc., defeated one after another externally, and tried his best to suppress internally, in the face of the declining Hou Qin, he began to devout believe in Buddhism, connived at the internal strife of the sect, and finally completely weakened.
Looking at Yao Xing and the Later Qin he ruled, it is actually a weakened version of the former Qin, whether it is his personal style or the way of governing the country, there are the shadows of Fu Jian and his former Qin, and he himself has also been the companion of the former Qin prince in the former Qin, and has been exposed to a lot of the policies and ideas of the former Qin, and he himself and Fu Jian are the same, they are determined to forge ahead in the early stage, and the government is out of line in the later period.
Later Qin is the dynasty established by the Qiang people, the Qiang people moved into the Guanzhong area together with the Di people in the last years of the Han Dynasty, after the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, the leader of the Qiang people, Yao Yizhong, integrated the tribes and became the most powerful one of the Qiang people, but at this time the Qiang people did not compete for the strength of the Central Plains, and could only rely on the Han Zhao Dynasty established by the Huns who destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty, and after the fall of the Han Zhao Dynasty, they lived in the Central Plains for more than 20 years, and the degree of sinicization continued to deepen.
The internal migration of the Hu people.
Later Zhao civil strife, the Qiang and Di people led their troops to the west, wanting to take advantage of the chaos to establish hegemony, among which the leader of the Di people Fu Jian took the lead in establishing the former Qin, the leader of the Qiang people Yao Xiang lost the opportunity, had to pretend to take refuge in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, looking forward to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the former Qin fighting each other, they were good at reaping the benefits of the fisherman, but Huan Wen saw through the plan, and attacked Guanzhong in desperation, was defeated by the former Qin, Yao Xiang died in battle, Yao Xiang's younger brother Yao Chang was accepted by Fu Jian as a subordinate, so far the Qiang people attached to the former Qin.
The former Qin Gang was established.
Fu Jian, who has the ambition of dominating the world, after many years of conquest, unified the north, but was defeated by the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the Battle of Weishui, and the various forces that had been attached to the former Qin rebelled one after another, and the former Qin was torn apart, and Yao Chang also took the opportunity to betray Fu Jian to establish the Later Qin, but compared with other forces, Yao Chang was somewhat shameless.
During the siege of Xinping, he swore that as long as the people in the city surrendered, he could live, but after entering the city, he killed everyone, captured Fu Jian and asked for the jade seal of the country, and was embarrassed and angry after being humiliated by Fu Jian, and killed Fu Jian, even his subordinates were dissatisfied with Yao Chang and sympathized with Fu Jian, not only that, but when he fought against the weakened Qianqin, he was repeatedly defeated, and in a fit of anger, Fu Jian dug the grave and whipped the corpse to vent his anger, it can be said that Yao Chang did not calm the chaos of Fu Jian's sons in Guanzhong until his death.
What Yao Chang did was really not authentic.
After Yao Chang's death, his sister-in-law Yao Xing succeeded to the throne, the second monarch of Later Qin, Yao Xing grew up in Former Qin since childhood, and the era in which he lived was the most prosperous era of Former Qin, so many of the policies of Former Qin were implemented and carried forward by him, and he also did the companion of the former Qin prince when he was a teenager, and later Yao Chang established Later Qin, and left him in the rear for training, his growth and life were basically a strong cultural environment, and there was not much contact with the war.
In the ninth year of the Later Qin Dynasty (394), Yao Xing succeeded to the throne, and the remnants of the Fu family took advantage of the Later Qin State Mourning Period to plot to recover the former Qin, among which Fu Jian's clan Sun Fu Deng had 100,000 people, which was the most powerful threat to the Later Qin Dynasty, which made the Later Qin Dynasty not peaceful, and the Qiang aristocratic forces within the Later Qin also despised Yao Xing, it can be said that the internal and external troubles were troubled, but Yao Xing used a series of means to pull and eradicate the internal unstable forces, and after stabilizing the interior, he fought with Fu Deng in the abandoned bridge, Fu Deng was defeated and fled to Mamao Mountain, After that, he completely quelled the Fudeng Rebellion and laid the foundation for dominating Guanlong in the future.
Early post-Qin period. After pacifying the Fudeng Rebellion, Yao Xing began the road to hegemony, but at that time, Murong Trai's Houyan was extremely strong, and the god of war Murong Trai was still there, Yao Xing obviously couldn't afford to provoke it, so he could only open up the northern part of Guanzhong and Hexi first, but sometimes luck was so good, Yao Xing didn't wait long, and a big chaos allowed him to take the opportunity to rise.
Later Yan's Murong Chui died, the Xianbei people Tuoba Jue waved his division south to attack Hou Yan, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was also in chaos, Sima and Taiyuan Wang first had a wave of chaos, followed by Sun En's uprising, and then Huan Xuan's usurpation, both sides were too busy to take care of themselves, Yao Xing seized this opportunity, sent troops to cross the Yellow River eastward, occupied the hometown of Western Yan seized by Hou Yan, and then seized Luoyang and the area north of the Huai River, and then Yao Xing destroyed Western Qin and Hou Liang, forcing South Liang, North Liang, and West Liang to be vassals, and Later Qin became the premier power in the Central Plains.
The war between Hou Yan and the Northern Wei Dynasty allowed Hou Qin to take advantage.
In addition to foreign conquests, many of Yao Xing's internal ruling policies are the continuation of the Former Qin policy, such as the former Qin's policy of dividing the Hu and Han dynasties that was not implemented in order to get the support of the Han people, and the policy of Hu and Han partition was inherited by Yao Xing, such as Fu Jian in order to fight the gate lords to consolidate the imperial power and develop culture and education on a large scale, Yao Xing was the same, and even sent Confucian students out of the country to learn from the Great Confucianism in the Central Plains or other places, such as easing contradictions, Fu Jian paid attention to the construction of the law, and Yao Xing was the same, even further than the former Qin, In the inheritance of the former Qin's law is more complete, he also set up a law school in Chang'an, convened hundreds of officials to study, conduct judicial assessments, review unjust cases, and even Yao Xing himself sometimes personally presided over the case, it is worth mentioning that Yao Xing's laws and decrees are streamlined, strict and relaxed.
The territory of the peak period of the Later Qin.
In particular, the former Qin paid attention to the election system, and restored the inspection system and conscription system in the Qin and Han dynasties on the basis of the monopoly of the Jiupin Zhongzheng system in the Wei and Jin dynasties, so as to avoid the monopoly of official positions by the gate lord clan, so that ordinary people also have the opportunity to rise.
It can be said that in the years since Yao Xing succeeded to the throne, Hou Qin's gradually became stronger and became the leading power in the Central Plains, although Yao Xing's ability is very strong, but he just did not meet opponents for the time being, after all, the male lords at this time were either fighting within themselves or fighting each other, so that Yao Xing temporarily had a time to breathe, so when they turned back, it was when the Hou Qin crisis appeared.
In the early years, the Northern Wei Dynasty established by Later Qin and Tuoba Jue was relatively peaceful because of the common enemy Hou Yan, and even cooperated for a time, but Tuoba Jue captured Hou Yan, ordered Hou Yan **, retreated to Liaodong, and faced the withdrawal of Murong forces, Hou Qin and Northern Wei would naturally seize the land of Hou Yan, and the contradictions have been continuous.
The excuse for the outbreak of the war between the two sides was the marriage between the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Later Qin, Tuoba Jue wanted to marry Yao Xing's daughter, as a princess, she should have become the queen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but Tuoba Jue was ambiguous about the queen's title, and flickered his words, making Yao Xing feel that Tuoba Jue was playing with himself and refused to marry.
Yao Xing heard that Tuoba Jue Xing's troops crusaded against Hou Qin, and ordered his younger brother Yao Ping to lead an army of 40,000 to attack Qianbi, and successfully occupied this place, and soon Tuoba Jue personally led 60,000 soldiers to help, Yao Ping was defeated and retreated to Chaibi, Yao Xing also led 40,000 people to Chaibi to support, and the battle of Chaibi was about to break out.
Battle of Chai Bi. However, before Yao Xing came over, Tuoba Jue seized the opportunity, cut off Yao Ping's retreat, blocked the rendezvous of Yao Xing and Yao Ping, and finally Yao Ping ran out of ammunition and food, and the whole army was annihilated, and Yao Xing could only watch the destruction of the Later Qin army across the Fen River and was powerless, and was forced to sue for peace with Tuoba Jue, but Tuoba Jue was bent on annexing Hou Qin, and directly rejected Hou Qin's request for peace.
The First World War of the Northern Wei Dynasty made the Later Qin tremble, Yao Xing was also afraid, the dream of dominating the Central Plains was burned without a trace by the First World War of Chaibi, and Yao Xing also began to marry the Northern Wei Dynasty with a low profile, marrying his daughter to Tuoba's son Tuoba Hei, and after appeasing the Northern Wei Dynasty, he set his sights on the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was constantly infighting.
During the Huan Xuan Rebellion, many Eastern Jin Dynasty generals defected to Hou Qin, which also gave Yao Xing the capital to seize land in the chaos, during the Huan Xuan Rebellion, he waved his army south and occupied more than a dozen states and counties in the north of Han Shui, but before he could gain a firm foothold, he met Liu Yu, the gravedigger of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and in the seventh year of the Later Qin Hongshi (405), Liu Yu sent people to Hou Qin after taking power, saying that the Eastern Jin Dynasty could coexist peacefully with Hou Qin, but Hou Qin needed to spit out more than a dozen states and counties occupied before.
Liu Yu, the first emperor of the Southern Dynasty.
In the face of Liu Yu's request, the ministers of Later Qin unanimously opposed, and even did not hesitate to use force with the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but Yao Xing was afraid in the Battle of Chaibi, and he did not have the confidence to fight with Liu Yu, and directly returned the occupied territory, but Yao Xing still had careful thoughts in his heart, a continuous internal strife in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in line with the interests of the Later Qin, so he constantly instigated the remnants of the Huan family forces and the Shu people to make chaos in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, disrupting the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and he could grab benefits in the chaos, but his opponent was Liu Yu, and these turmoil became Liu Yu's rising capital, also made the forces attached to Hou Qin begin to break away from Yao Xing's control, one of which was Helian Bobo, who gave Yao Xing a headache.
Helian Bobo is a Xiongnu Tiefu people, successively attached to Fu Jian and Yao Xing, when Yao Xing's continuous external expansion, Helian Bobo also secretly developed his own power, seeing that Yao Xing could not hold the field, Helian Bobo began to jump up, unlike other forces, Helian Bobo has a hundred civil and military officials, an army and a concubine, but there is no fixed habitat, he did not build a city, there is no fixed foothold, living a life without a fixed place, all the materials are from the looting of the surrounding area, After all, in Helian Bobo's eyes, once there is a fixed place, it will be besieged by Hou Qin, and it is better to fight everywhere.
Hun Tiefu.
Under the plundering of Helian Bobo, the Guanzhong area of Later Qin was seriously damaged, many cities in order to avoid being looted, they were on high alert in broad daylight, and the city gates did not dare to open, only a thousand days to be a thief, there was no reason to prevent thieves for a thousand days, it was not a matter to go on like this, so Yao Xing sent troops to recruit many times, but he couldn't find any trace of Helian Bobo, and even if he found it, he couldn't beat it, and Helian Bobo dragged the development of Later Qin alive.
In order to resist the continuous erosion of Helian Bobo, Yao Xing had to maintain a large number of troops for defense, so he began to carry out harsh exploitation internally, and recklessly used military force externally, although Yao Xing also knew that the internal pressure was too serious, but there was no way, the strong enemies outside were around, especially Helian Bobo, and Hou Qin had no time to recuperate at all, so he could only drink to quench his thirst to defend.
Helian Bobo's establishment of Hu Xia and Tongwan City meant a head-on confrontation with Yao Xing.
And the last glory of Later Qin is probably to force Murong Chao's family to be held hostage, forcing Southern Yan to claim the domain, but in fact, it did not bring much benefit to Later Qin, only two years later, Liu Yu's Northern Expedition eliminated Southern Yan, and the fall of Southern Yan also became the beginning of the collapse of Later Qin.
During the period of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, Buddhism has been greatly spread, and even many dynasties believe in Buddhism, of course, many dynasties want to rely on Buddhism to rule the people at the bottom, so that the people have an idea, Yao Xing also thinks so, but with the in-depth spread of Buddhism, he himself began to believe in Buddhism, and the monk Kumarosh of the Western Regions is regarded as a national treasure, and all parts of the Later Qin Dynasty continue to build Buddhist temples and Buddha statues, the famous Buddhist grottoes Maijishan Grottoes were built in the Yao Xing period.
Located in the Maijishan Grottoes in Gansu Province.
In addition to building Buddhist temples in various places, in the capital city of Chang'an, Yao Xing also built a luxurious Buddhist place, often led the civil and military officials to listen to Kumarosh explain the Dharma, and held many Buddhist meetings, of course, the construction of Buddhist temples, the construction of Buddha statues, the promotion of Buddhism, the translation of Buddhist scriptures all need to spend a lot of manpower and material resources, these can only be maintained by squeezing the people of Hou Qin, although Yao Xing was regarded as a propagator of Buddhism by later generations, and received countless honors, but for Hou Qin, there is no big effect, these can not make Hou Qin strong.
Believe in Buddhism. In addition to believing in Buddhism, Yao Xing's handling of the heir's problem is also a lot of problems, he gave birth to fourteen sons, of which his sister-in-law Yao Hong was made the crown prince, but in Yao Xing's eyes, Yao Hong was too weak, but for the third son Yao Bi looked at it differently, so let Yao Bi be in charge of the military and become the force to support the clan, but Yao Xing's arrangement fueled Yao Bi's ambitions, so a struggle for the heir of the Later Qin Dynasty was carried out like this, many ministers felt that Yao Bi's power was too strong, and asked to weaken Yao Bi, but Yao Xing disagreed, It is even believed that the ministers are sowing discord.
With Yao Xing's support, Yao Bi naturally had no fear, Yao Xing was seriously ill in the sixteenth year of the first sixteenth year of the Later Qin Dynasty (414), Yao Bi took the opportunity to rectify the soldiers and horses, preparing to seize the throne, and the crown prince Yao Hong had also better prepare to prevent disputes over the throne, and the clans guarding in other places also rushed to Chang'an in the name of King Qin.
However, Yao Xing did not die, he actually recovered, Yao Bi, Yao Hong and other clans all went back, and Yao Xing also knew what Yao Bi was doing, so he didn't stop it, but simply admonished him, and soon treated him the same as before, which made the crown prince Yao Hong very dissatisfied, and Yao Bi became more and more arrogant, planning to seize the throne next time.
Sure enough, soon, Yao Xing was seriously ill again and ordered Yao Bi to enter the palace to serve, but he didn't expect Yao Bi not only not to go, but once again reorganized his soldiers and horses to prepare to enter the palace to seize the throne, in his eyes, Yao Xing definitely couldn't do it this time, this matter let Yao Xing know, he finally felt that Yao Bi had to deal with it, and ordered Yao Bi and his henchmen to be hunted and killed, for Yao Bi, the prince Yao Hong asked Yao Xing to let go, Yao Xing didn't want to kill him, and finally imprisoned him.
Yao Hong, the last emperor of the Later Qin Dynasty.
This is just one of Yao Xing's sons, so other sons also have such thoughts, after the eighteenth year of Qin Hongshi (416), Yao Xing was completely seriously ill, this time he himself felt that time was running out, before dying, he lied that he had died, testing his sons, sure enough, the seventh son Yao Su believed it was true, and led troops into the palace to prepare to seize the throne, but he didn't expect Yao Xing to suddenly appear in front of him, the rebellion failed, Yao Xing was lucky to break through successfully, and was killed soon, and on the second day when Yao Su was killed, Yao Xing died.
After Yao Xing's death, the crown prince Yao Hong succeeded to the throne, but Hou Qin has accumulated a lot of difficulties, and the internal strife for the throne is constantly staged, almost all the clans are involved in this struggle, and Liu Yu in the south completely grasped the power, and raised troops to the Northern Expedition, led the Beifu army to attack the Guanzhong region, destroyed the Later Qin, seized the old capital Chang'an, Yao Hong and others were escorted to the Eastern Jin Dynasty capital Jiankang, beheaded to show the public, at this time it was only two years before Yao Xing's death.
Liu Yu's Northern Expedition destroyed Later Qin.
Although Yao Xing can be regarded as a Ming monarch in the early stage, if it is a unified dynasty, Yao Xing, as the king of Shoucheng, will not be too low, but in the troubled times, his opponents are all momentary heroes, and his father's contemporaries Fu Jian and Murong Chui Although the curtain ended, Tuoba Jue and Liu Yu, who were stronger than them, appeared, and the Northern Wei and Eastern Jin Dynasty led by them were a head higher than Hou Qin, in this case, Yao Xing and Hou Qin could only be foils.
Hou Qin is a weakened version of the former Qin, Yao Xing is also a weakened version of Fu Jian, his personality traits and governance policies are similar to Fu Jian, or even further, but Yao Xing at his peak is not as brilliant as Fu Jian, and when he is lonely, he is not as miserable as Fu Jian, at least he lived his life smoothly, but soon after his death, his Hou Qin also disappeared, which is exactly the same as the ending of the former Qin.
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