The structure and principle of electric lead-acid battery battery is a reversible power supply, which converts the electrical energy of the external power supply into chemical energy and stores it in the battery, and then releases it with electrical energy when it is used. Batteries can be divided into acid batteries and alkaline batteries according to their different materials, and most of them belong to acid batteries from the perspective of batteries in use, so we only discuss the problems related to acid batteries here. Acid battery is lead-acid battery, which is composed of plates, separators, electrolyte, shell and cover. Among them, the plates of traction type and starter type battery are slightly different in structure, that is, the starting type is a paste-type plate, and the traction type is a tubular plate, but its materials are the same, that is, the positive plate is brown PB02, the negative plate is a blue-gray sponge-like pure PB, and the other parts are basically the same in structure. According to the different materials, the separator can be divided into wood, microporous rubber, microporous plastic and glass wool separator, the shell is mostly made of hard rubber, and the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid.
The reactions that occur between the positive and negative electrodes during discharge are:
Positive electrode: PB0: +4H+SOI+2E-2PBS0+2h0
Negative electrode: PB+SOI-2E--PBS0
The reactions that occur between the positive and negative electrodes during charging are:
Cathode: PBS0+2H02E-PBOZ+4H++SO
Negative pole: PBS0+2---pb+so
It is worth noting that when the charging is nearing the end, if the charging continues, it will cause the decomposition of water, and a large number of bubbles will emerge on the positive and negative plates. The higher the charging current, the more bubbles are generated.
The above is a detailed description of the structure and principle of lead-acid battery. This type of battery has a wide range of applications in real-world applications, from car start-up to energy storage in power systems. However, with the advancement of technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, lead-acid batteries are facing pressure to be replaced by new batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries. In the future, we expect more environmentally friendly and efficient battery technology to be widely used.