Tumor chemotherapy drugs are one of the important means of tumor diseases, and their mechanism of action is mainly to control and eliminate tumors by interfering with and destroying the growth and reproduction of tumor cells. The mechanism of action of tumor chemotherapy drugs is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1.Inhibition of tumor cell growth: Tumor chemotherapy drugs can inhibit the growth and reproduction of tumor cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis and interfering with protein synthesis.
2.Induce apoptosis: Tumor chemotherapy drugs can induce apoptosis, that is, programmed cell death, in tumor cells, thereby accelerating the death of tumor cells.
3.Enhance immune system function: Tumor chemotherapy drugs can enhance the body's immune function, improve the patient's resistance to tumors, and further control and eliminate tumors.
4.Reverse drug resistance: Some tumor chemotherapy drugs can reverse the drug resistance of tumor cells, make tumor cells re-sensitive to drugs, and improve the best effect.
In clinical application, tumor chemotherapy drugs are usually used in combination with other methods such as surgery and radiotherapy to improve the best effect. At the same time, the doctor will formulate a personalized plan according to the specific situation of the patient, and select the appropriate drug and dosage to achieve the best effect.
It should be noted that tumor chemotherapy drugs also have certain ***, such as nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, etc. Therefore, when using tumor chemotherapy drugs, doctors need to fully consider the patient's physical condition and condition, formulate a reasonable plan, pay close attention to the patient's response and condition, and take corresponding treatment measures in time.
Anti-tumor chemotherapy drugs are generally divided into six categories according to their mechanism of action:
Cytotoxic drugs: such drugs act on the DNA and RNA, enzymes, and proteins of cells to cause tumor cell death, such as nitrogen mustard, carmustine, cyclophosphamide, busulfan, lomustine, etc.;
Antimetabolites: such drugs have a competitive effect on the binding reaction of nucleic acid metabolites and enzymes, affecting and blocking the synthesis of nucleic acids and leading to tumor cell death, such as fluorouracil, methotrexate, cytarabine, etc.;
Antibiotics: antibiotic drugs with antitumor effects, such as actinomycin D, mitomycin, bleomycin, doxorubicin, pingyangmycin, etc.;
Alkaloids: mainly interfere with the formation of intracellular spindles, so that the cells stay in the middle stage of the mitoma, such as vincristine, long-term pine, hydroxytreene, etc.;
Hormones: can change the internal environment and then affect the growth of tumors, and some can enhance the body's resistance to tumor invasion. Commonly used are tamoxifen, progesterone, androgens, thyroxine, dexamethasone, etc.;
Others: such as cisplatin, carboplatin, etc.
According to its effect on the cell proliferation cycle, it can be divided into three main categories:
Cycle non-specific drugs: drugs that have an effect on both proliferating or non-proliferating cells, such as nitrogen mustards, cyclophosphamide, antibiotics, etc.;
Cycle-specific drugs, drugs that act on the whole or most of the cycle of cell proliferation, such as antimetabolites;
Cyclic phase-specific drugs: drugs selectively act on a certain phase of the cell cycle, such as cytarabine and hydroxyurea inhibiting the synthesis phase, and vincristine inhibiting the cell inhibition of the mitotic phase. Focus on breast health