On June 25, 1950, the Korean Civil War broke out in full swing, and the Korean People's Army quickly mastered the battlefield with its strong strength, which caught the Korean ** team by surprise and retreated.
Faced with a difficult situation, South Korea turned to the United States for help. It took only 80 days for the Korean People's Army to crush the South Korean ** team and occupy 90 percent of South Korea's territory.
When the Korean War broke out, Kim Il Sung's dream was to unify the country, and the situation looked very favorable to him. However, he ignored repeated warnings from China, failed to remain vigilant against the United States and other Western powers, and failed to prepare for the landing of U.S. troops from the sea to intervene in the Korean civil war.
After nearly three months of fighting, although the Korean People's Army has achieved brilliant results, it has consumed huge amounts of ammunition, exhausted its personnel, and needs time to recuperate. In addition, the battle line was stretched too long, and some places were not well prepared, especially for the defense of some ports, lacking sufficient strength to resist a possible invasion.
However, the Korean People's Army is not without combat experience. During China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Koreans living in China and Koreans who fled to Northeast China participated in various battles against Japan and accumulated rich combat experience.
These experiences provided the Korean People's Army with combat confidence and enabled them to excel in the war. By the end of the Liberation War, Kim Il Sung offered to transfer Korean soldiers to him for use, which provided him with more combat resources.
After careful consideration, China decided to support the DPRK by providing it with nearly 30,000 experienced ethnic Korean soldiers. Since then, China has continued to provide Korean soldiers from other units to the DPRK after the founding of the country.
By the spring of 1950, North and South Korea had armies of about 100,000 men each. With the return of ethnic Korean soldiers allocated by China and the expansion of the army, by the outbreak of the war, the number of North Korean troops had grown to nearly 200,000, twice the size of the South Korean army.
These units from China have a wealth of combat experience and provide strong support to the Korean People's Army. In March 1949, Kim Il Sung began planning a plan to unify the country, and consulted the Soviet Union and China for advice.
However, Stalin opposed Kim Il Sung's plan, believing that the time was not yet ripe. He feared that North Korea itself was not strong enough and that if North Korea went to war with South Korea, the United States could step in and even trigger a military conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States.
Despite Stalin's opposition to Kim Il Sung's plan, he agreed to aid the DPRK with a staggering amount of ** equipment, which was enough to meet the needs of six infantry divisions and three mechanized units of the DPRK.
In addition, Stalin personally created the air force of the DPRK and provided more than 150 aircraft. He also sent a special military advisory group to provide the supplies that North Korea needs.
This assistance has helped the DPRK develop its military and provide better support to the Korean People's Army.
Kim Il became a unified Korean Peninsula, actively seeking the support of the Soviet Union and China. He discovered that the Far Eastern defense circle declared by the United States did not include the Korean Peninsula and China's Taiwan, which gave Kim Il Sung hope for reunification.
At the same time, China also saw the hope of unifying China, and began to deploy troops along the southeast coast, planning to take the first bay. Stalin also saw the possibility of reunification of Korea and China and received intelligence that MacArthur had advised the United States not to intervene in the North-South conflict on the Korean Peninsula.
After receiving the promise of support from the Soviet Union and China, Kim Il Sung began a concrete plan for reunification and launched an attack on Korea on June 25, 1950, issuing a war mobilization order.
In the first 80 days of the Korean Civil War, Seoul, the capital of South Korea, was quickly broken and occupied by the Korean People's Army three days after the start of the war. The Korean People's Army (KPA) had been unprecedentedly strengthened before the full-scale war, and with the various equipment provided by the Soviet Union, its military strength far surpassed that of South Korea.
When the war began, North Korea invested more than 80,000 troops into the war, most of them regular troops from China, while South Korea could only hastily organize nearly 40,000 troops to resist.
What's more serious is that the South Korean ** team lacks combat experience. As soon as they got on the field, the Han ** team was caught off guard, and they only had the ability to parry, and they had no power to fight back. The Korean People's Army (KPA) was so overwhelming on the battlefield that in less than a month it had forced the ROK-US forces (US troops stationed in South Korea joined the battle on July 5) into the mountains around Busan, when Kim Il Sung had already vowed to drive the ROK-US troops out of the sea in half a month.
On the Korean battlefield, the Korean People's Army fought valiantly, but with the reinforcement of American troops, Kim Il Sung's plan for a quick victory was shattered. In the first 80 days, the Korean People's Army (KPA) was unable to completely wipe out the ROK and US forces, but it gained the upper hand on the battlefield.
After receiving MacArthur's report, Truman decided to send the Far East Army to intervene in the Korean civil war and ordered the Seventh Fleet to sail to the Taiwan Strait. At that time, MacArthur underestimated the strength of North Korea, believing that only three or two divisions needed to be sent to deal with the Korean People's Army.
However, on July 5, the U.S. military entered the battle and encountered a fierce counterattack by the Korean People's Army, in which a regiment was completely annihilated and its commander was captured. This result surprised the US military and made it unacceptable.
In order to better intervene in the Korean Civil War, the United States sent a joint ** through the United Nations and asked other countries to also form troops as soon as possible to assemble at the Far East Command in Japan.
At the same time, the U.S. military also made the Korean People's Army mistakenly believe that the U.S. military would land from Pusan to counterattack, so as to attract the strength of the Korean People's Army and create conditions for the Inchon landing.
On September 15, after nearly two months of preparation, the United States and its allies made a sudden landing from the port of Incheon, South Korea, via a transit through Japan. Before the landing, the U.S. military carried out indiscriminate bombardment of the port of Incheon, and the Korean People's Army was wiped out without resistance.
Nearly 20,000 U.S. troops landed on the same day, and nearly 50,000 jointly landed in the following four days. The U.S. military and the United ** landed at Incheon, and the situation on the Korean battlefield was reversed.
According to post-war statistics, the U.S. military sent 600,000 troops, 200 ships, 1,500 aircraft, and countless war materials to the Korean battlefield in the past three years. The 40 days were a nightmare for Kim Il Sung and the Korean People's Army, with the US military increasing its strength to more than 150,000 troops, compared to less than 70,000 in the Korean People's Army, many of whom were new recruits.
The Korean People's Army, which had entered the south of the 38th parallel, was attacked by US air strikes and suffered from the enemy's predicament on its flank, and after nearly three months of continuous fighting, it had no strength to resist.
In terms of forces and ammunition, they are completely at a disadvantage. On 18 September, the Korean People's Army began to retreat in batches. By September 23, Kim Il Sung, feeling hopeless in holding out, ordered a retreat on all fronts.
The rout was like a collapse, and once the army lost its morale, it could only withstand the attack. In just a few days, the Korean People's Army turned from a great victory to a quick defeat, which they did not expect.
They retreated in battle, but the way back had been cut off by the united **, and they could only die, surrender, flee, or go into the mountains. In the end, less than half of the Korean People's Army, or 70,000 people, retreated from the 38th parallel, and less than 30,000 returned to Korea.
Of the other 40,000, 10,000 were taken prisoner, 10,000 were killed or wounded, and 20,000 went into the mountains to fight guerrillas. On September 29, U.S. forces recaptured Seoul. When the Korean People's Army was driven north of the 38th parallel, the joint ** did not stop, but launched a more fierce attack on the Korean People's Army.
Frequent bombing by aircraft in North Korea has led to heavy losses for the North Korean army and civilians. At this critical existential moment, Kim Il Sung urgently turned to the Soviet Union and China for help, hoping to send troops into the war to turn the tide of the war. "
The Korean People's Army was forced to retreat in the face of the frenzied offensive of the United **, and they were ready to retreat to the territory of northeastern China, and even the Soviet Union, in order to protect the remnants of their troops.
On October 19, Pyongyang was occupied by the United League, and the Korean People's Army was on the brink of survival. In the 40 days to October 25, the Korean People's Army (KPA) suffered a devastating blow in the 40 days to October 25, when the U.S.-led coalition landed at Inchon on September 15.
Under these circumstances, China finally decided to send troops to North Korea. On October 1, 1950, when China was immersed in the festive atmosphere of the first anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the special envoy of Kim Il Sung came to Beijing with his handwritten letter, met with *** and presented a letter for help.
After hearing a briefing by Special Envoy Kim Il Sung on the current situation on the Korean battlefield, he took a break from the celebration and went back to his study and read Kim Il Sung's letter repeatedly, feeling very heavy.
When he received Kim Il Sung's plea for help, he fell into deep thought. Soon after, he received a telegram from Stalin, making it clear that China needed to send troops to fight, and the USSR would provide ** and air support.
Despite Stalin's decision, *** is still hesitating. As a battle-hardened leader, he knows that the situation of the Korean People's Army is very difficult, and if China does not help, North Korea will be completely occupied by South Korea, and there is very little chance of thinking about it in the future.
Therefore, he decided to convene a meeting and invite Commander-in-Chief Zhu and Vice Chairman Zhu to discuss the issue of North Korea's distress. After fully understanding the situation in Korea and Stalin's opinions, Zhou, Zhu, and Liu believed that sending troops to China at this time would face many unfavorable factors and should be carefully considered.
However, on October 1, the four top levels of the CCP did not reach an agreement to send troops to support. On October 2, an enlarged meeting was held, believing that the situation in North Korea was urgent, and it was clear that it would send troops to support North Korea.
However, there was still no agreement at the meeting, and most of the participants opposed sending troops to North Korea, citing a number of disadvantages and reasons. Despite the many difficulties we faced, we firmly stated that we cannot stand idly by if the little brothers of our neighbors are bullied or even face the danger of losing their country.
But he decided to ask for more general opinion before making a decision. He immediately summoned *** back to Beijing to discuss the issue together.
On October 4th, ** just arrived in Beijing, and came to meet *** and had a comprehensive discussion on related matters. There was general support for the proposal to send troops, but there were reservations about sending troops and taking command, mainly about how much support the Soviet Union could provide, especially air support.
He believes that as long as the Soviet Union is fully equipped and provides strong air support, this war can be won, and it must be won, because it is beneficial to China's long-term development.
**'s support made *** basically determined to send troops to North Korea, and planned to send *** and Lin to meet with Stalin to win Stalin's greatest support.
On October 5, a meeting of the Politburo was convened to discuss the issue of sending troops to North Korea again. At the meeting, ** reiterated his opinion in a firm tone, arguing that if it does not send troops to support North Korea, North Korea will face the danger of extinction, which will pose a threat to China's security.
Therefore, sending troops at this time will bring great benefits, while not sending troops will bring great losses. Therefore, the Politburo meeting basically decided to form a Chinese People's Volunteer Army and send troops to assist North Korea in resisting US imperialism under the premise that the Soviet Union provided equipment and air cover.
On the same day, Kim Il Sung secretly came to Beijing and met *** again to ask China to send troops to support North Korea as soon as possible.
On October 8, the Politburo meeting was held again, and it was decided that the Politburo meeting would go to Moscow to discuss with Stalin the issue of aiding North Korea, and to issue an order to the Chinese People's Volunteers to send troops to Korea.
China began to transfer troops originally planned for the attack on Taiwan to the northeast to stand by. On October 10, Zhou Helin arrived in Moscow, and on the 11th, he met Stalin, who was recuperating on the Black Sea, and informed him of the decision of the Chinese Communist Party, and hoped that the Soviet Union could provide cover for the Air Force to support the Volunteers in the Korean War.
However, after 10 days of consideration, Stalin revised his decision, stating that the USSR would provide only ** equipment, and not send troops to the war. Air forces can only be supported behind enemy lines to avoid being shot down with significant international repercussions.
It takes about two months to prepare for air support. Stalin's latest decision changed the situation dramatically, and Zhou and Lin promptly sent a joint telegram to *** explaining the situation, ** asking Zhou and Lin to continue to enlist the support of the Soviet Union.
After two days of hard work and discussion, the Soviet side believed that it was very unfavorable for the volunteers to enter the DPRK without air support, and it was very likely that they would be beaten back by the United **, and the situation would be even worse than it is now.
The final conclusion was to abandon North Korea. On October 13, Stalin had Kim Il Sung relayed his power and forces to northeastern China and the Soviet Union, and to stop fearless resistance.
After accepting Stalin's proposal, Kim Il Sung reluctantly expressed his acceptance of this decision.
1.Zhou and Lin conveyed the results of the discussion to *** On October 13, ** again convened an emergency meeting of the Politburo to convey the latest situation and emphasize that sending troops to North Korea is beneficial to China.
At the same time, ** officially sent a telegram to Stalin to decide that China would send troops to North Korea, first strike at the South Korean ** team, establish a base area in the northern mountains, restore the morale of the Korean People's Army, and hold out for two months to wait for the dispatch of the Soviet Air Force before confronting the US army.
On October 14, Zhou and Lin officially informed Stalin of this decision. Then, ** reconfirmed the entry of the Soviet Air Force into the war two months later, but Stalin finally replied that the Soviet Air Force would not enter the territory of Korea to fight.
On October 17, an emergency meeting of the Politburo was held again to inform them of this decision, and it was unanimously agreed that China would send troops to support North Korea even without the support of the Soviet Air Force.
Finally, on October 18, ** issued an order to the Chinese People's Volunteers to cross the Yalu River and go to the Korean battlefield on October 19 according to the predetermined plan.
2.Zhou and Lin reported the results of the discussion to ***, and on October 13, ** convened an emergency meeting of the Politburo again, conveyed the latest intelligence and firmly believed that sending troops to North Korea would be beneficial to China.
At the same time, ** officially sent a telegram to Stalin, making it clear that China would send troops to North Korea, first strike at the South Korean ** team, establish a base area in the northern mountains, restore the morale of the Korean People's Army, and insist on waiting for the Soviet Air Force to dispatch for two months before confronting the US army.
On October 14, Zhou and Lin officially informed Stalin of this decision. Then, ** reconfirmed the entry of the Soviet Air Force into the war two months later, but Stalin finally replied that the Soviet Air Force would not enter the territory of Korea to fight.
On October 17, an emergency meeting of the Politburo was reconvened to inform the decision and unanimously approved that China would send troops to support North Korea even without the support of the Soviet Air Force.
Finally, on October 18, ** issued an order to the Chinese People's Volunteers to cross the Yalu River and go to the Korean battlefield on October 19 according to the predetermined plan.
On October 19, the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River and entered Korea with General Peng as the vanguard. And on the same day, Pyongyang fell unyieldingly.
Kim Il Sung was deeply moved when he learned that he had always firmly supported the Korean reunification war, and he saw hope in his despair. Conclusion: With the addition of the Chinese People's Volunteers, the balance of military power in North and South Korea began to tilt in favor of Kim Il Sung again.
At an extremely difficult moment, ** firmly stood on the side of the Korean people, which not only boosted the morale of the Korean People's Army, but also successfully pulled Kim Il Sung, who was on the verge of life and death, back.
The Chinese People's Volunteers divided into two routes, and since they officially entered the battle on October 25, it took less than two months to not only recover Pyongyang, but also successfully drive the United League back to the area south of the 38th parallel.
The Korean War lasted three years and ended with the signing of an armistice.