If energy is the blood of human society, then sustainable scientific and technological innovation is the only driving force to promote the development of our nation. In modern society, the rapid development of science and technology has made our lives more and more convenient, and our lifestyles and living habits are gradually improving unconsciously.
In addition to people's livelihood issues, the improvement of medical standards is also a part of life that cannot be ignored. The progress of science and technology and the improvement of medical technology have made the originally impossible diseases to be overcome, and human beings have achieved a life-and-death transition again and again in the face of major diseases, avoiding serious human beings.
Take the current new crown pneumonia as an example, it is a new infectious disease with a global outbreak, but the strong medical technology support has allowed us to successfully get through the difficulties.
In the case that ancient scientific and technological medical methods were not as developed as today, how did people cope with the challenges of disease? Before the theory of biology, chemistry and physics were widely used, the definition of "medicine" by ancient humans did not fully match the modern meaning.
At that time, people mainly took physical means that acted directly on the location of the patient**, which was called "**With the development of history, people began to use foreign substances such as herbs**."
With the progress of society and the gradual development of human civilization, theoretical-based medical concepts and methods have begun to appear in the medical field. Traditional Chinese medicine, known as the treasure of our nation, combines all medicinal substances in nature with the Five Elements Feng Shui doctrine to create a masterpiece of medicine.
Huaxia Shenzhou has a vast land and abundant products, providing rich material materials for future generations. The ancient medical wizards summed up the brainchild of their life, and after thousands of years of precipitation, after the learning, inheritance and optimization of later generations, they finally formed a strong medical environment in which Chinese and Western medicine coexist today.
Despite the favorable conditions of geographical and human resources, the land of China has still experienced many large-scale disease attacks in its long history, which shows that the struggle between man-made and man-made disasters has never been able to distinguish the winner from the loser.
Different from the medical theories of the Chinese nation, the medical theories of the West originated in a later period and were relatively inferior in the early stage of development. Around 350 BC, the philosopher Aristotle put forward the "Four Elements Theory", which believed that all matter in the world originated from the four elements of water, fire, earth and air.
In Western countries influenced by religious culture, there is a saying that "illness originates from God's punishment". However, Hippocrates, a medical scientist who was adamantly opposed to this view, proposed the "humoral theory".
Two hundred years later, the ancient Roman physician Galen integrated the theories of Hippocrates and his predecessors to form the "Four Fluids Theory". Galen believed that humans are also part of nature and have a strong connection to the four elements.
He combined the four bodily fluids proposed by Hippocrates (blood, mucus, yellow bile, and black bile) to form the "Four Fluids Theory".
The four-liquid theory is completely one-sided and wrong. In this theory, Qi is the main element that makes up the heart, corresponds to the blood, and is used to control damp heat disorders. The main component of gallbladder is the fire element, which corresponds to yellow bile and is used for dry heat diseases.
The earth element and the fire element constitute the main elements of the spleen and brain respectively, corresponding to black bile and nasal mucus, which are used for dry cold and damp cold. Although this theory was widely used at the time, its scientific validity is questionable now.
According to the method of the four-fluid theory, if the patient suffers from a damp heat cold, he should be bled to expel the germs from the body. However, this theory was deeply flawed and led to the tragedy of King Charles II of England.
In the mid-80s of the 17th century, he went to the hospital for a stroke, but the doctors of the palace used cruel methods that eventually pushed him to his death.
According to the four-fluid theory, for the first time, doctors made a small incision on the inside of the king's big arm, draining nearly 500 milliliters of blood. Sadly, however, the king's condition did not improve the next day, and the doctors operated again, releasing nearly 900 milliliters of blood.
Due to massive blood loss, Charles II began to show signs of anemia with weakness and weakness. However, the doctors didn't care about it, and only thought it was the fault of the blood **symptomatic**.
So, they gave the king a medicine containing a poisonous metal. As a result, the king began to vomit violently, however, how could vomiting solve the king's stroke illness?
The doctors did not give up, and turned their ** to the two liquids of "yellow and black bile", and they used nine kinds of daily cooking seasonings such as fennel, salt, and cinnamon as medicinal materials to concoct enema potion for the king.
For the next few days, every few hours, the doctors would give Charles II an enema, and more than a dozen doctors took turns in battle, causing Charles II to not be able to sleep peacefully. However, as expected, Charles II became weaker.
In this case, the doctors resorted to a last resort, they shaved the king's hair and fastened a hot soldering iron to the king's head, so that many scald blisters of various sizes appeared on the top of the king's head.
The doctors were ecstatic, believing that the blisters were a channel for the release of the virus, so they punctured the blisters every day to expel the tissue fluid inside. As a result, Charles II continued to suffer from old and new wounds, and died within two months.
Although he was the ruler of the country, he died unexpectedly because of poor medical treatment. Before the great strides in the medical level of Europe in the eighteenth century, the overall medical methods and concepts of Western countries were very backward and could even be said to be wrong.
Although there are similarities between Western medical philosophy and our Chinese Five Elements Theory, the Five Elements Doctrine is based on the natural world, while Western medical philosophy is derived from philosophy.
This makes the Western medical concept have certain shortcomings in terms of science and rationality.