Shan Silu: (Written by Lu Tianran) Sima Qian's writing about people with a wonderful pen is to fully face up to the multifaceted and rich nature of human nature, not to "see the sum of social relations" as Mr. Li Zehou believes, and still less to say, "to start from social life, to start from the natural philosophy of history". I think what Mr. Li and Guo said about human nature is debatable. As a monument with literary and artistic functions and turned into a monument in people's minds, the "Records of the Historians" naturally has its unique achievements in revealing human nature.
First of all, "Historical Records" shows the brilliance of human nature through historical figures with distinctive personalities and flesh and blood. Whether it was Sima Qian, who was tortured by the palace and wrote the "Historical Records", or Confucius, who was disabled but determined, they all showed tenacious perseverance and unyielding spirit. Confucius said: "The three armies can win the commandery, but the horseman cannot win the ambition." He also said: "Scholars can't fail to Hongyi, and there is a long way to go." This is a reflection of his perseverance and perseverance. Sima Qian, on the other hand, endured humiliation and burden, wrote a book with anger, and completed the masterpiece of "Historical Records", and his spirit is even more admirable. The brilliance of their humanity has undoubtedly given great encouragement to future generations.
Secondly, in the description of human nature, "Historical Records" not only pays attention to the social nature of human beings, but also fully respects the naturalness of human beings. Although it also emphasizes the etiquette norms of "accumulating habits", it does not completely shape people into objects that are "the sum of social relations", and it does not forget the animal instincts of people. For example, the character of Ximen Leopard in "Ximen Leopard Zhiye" left a deep impression. His bold spirit of resistance is far from the image of a "good official" in the minds of the common people, but he is the real Simon Leopard. It is with such brushstrokes that Sima Qian has created vivid historical figures and shown us a historical picture.
Third, as the first general history of China, the great achievement of "Historical Records" lies not only in its detailed record of history, but also in its in-depth understanding of human nature. From its portrayal of characters, we see the complexity and richness of human nature. As Mr. Lu Xun said: "A "Historical Record" is a "no worries" to write about the historian of feudal society, Sima Qian, "to set up a mirror for future readers." It not only reveals the darkness and decay of feudal society, but also shows the bright beauty of human nature. For example, the personalities of Xiang Yu, Liu Bang, Zhang Liang, Fan Hao and others in "Hongmen Banquet" are all well portrayed, and their qualities are worthy of admiration by future generations. Xiang Yu's frankness, straightforwardness, and fairness; Liu Bang's wit, power, ability to bend and stretch; Zhang Liang is resourceful and resourceful; Fan Xu's loyalty, bravery, chivalry, etc. have left a deep impression on people.
Fourth, in the description of human nature, the "Historical Records" also fully affirms the value and dignity of human beings. It believes that man is the spirit of heaven and earth and should be respected and cherished. It rejects the notion of despicability and contempt for life, and advocates that man is regarded as the most precious existence in the world. For example, in "Five Worms", Han Feizi opposes the idea of despising life: "People ** feathers, if they don't wear clothes, they don't get cold; If you don't wear clothes, there are few immortals. This is the praise and cherishing of life. For another example, in "The Biography of Guan Yan", Guan Zhong once said: "All things are born, and only people are precious." It is also a full affirmation of the value and dignity of human beings.
Fifth, the description of human nature in the "Historical Records" also reflects the author's ethical and moral concepts. The view of human nature reflected in the "Records of the Historians" is not a purely naturalistic view of human nature, but a view of human nature that contains the concept of ethics and morality. For example, the behavior of the rangers in "The Legend of the Ranger" who does not hesitate to sacrifice their personal interests for the sake of a just cause reflects this concept. Hou Ying's behavior in "The Biography of Wei Gongzi" also reflects this concept. Lin Xiangru's deep understanding of righteousness and tolerance in "The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru" also reflects this concept.
To sum up, "Historical Records" has rich connotations and profound implications in the description of human nature. It not only reveals the brightness and beauty of human nature, but also shows the complexity and richness of human nature; It not only affirms the value and dignity of human beings, but also embodies the author's ethical and moral concepts. The concept of human nature reflected in the "Records of the Historians" is of great significance for us to understand and grasp human nature. We should conscientiously study and study the "Records of the Historians" and draw wisdom and strength from it.
About author:Lu Tianran, a native of Haimen District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, is the founder of the Thousand Prizes Project of the Shanda Alliance, the initiator of the theory of "commodities are the carrier of human desires", an expert of the national "Rule of Law Think Tank for Promoting the High-quality Development of the Private Economy" (also known as the red IP of the rule of law in China's private enterprises), and a senior consultant of the China Taoist Merchants (Quanzhou) Association. He used to be a reporter of Xinhua News Agency, the head of the Fujian Reporter Station of China Reform Daily, the leader of the research team of the ** Research Office (Yanshi) Internet Age Fang**, and the author of 12 volumes of the "Internet Era Fang ** Series".