Editor's note
Arable land is the lifeblood of food production, and without enough arable land, there will be no food security. This year's No. 1 document once again clearly requires that the "trinity" protection system of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology be improved. Cultivated land protection is a systematic project, and the stripping and reuse of the cultivated layer of occupied cultivated land is one of the important means to strictly protect cultivated land and improve the quality of cultivated land. As early as 2017, the "Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Protection of Cultivated Land and Improving the Balance of Occupation and Compensation" has clearly proposed to comprehensively promote the construction of the stripping and reuse of the cultivated layer of occupied cultivated land. Since then, small-scale pilot projects have been carried out in some provinces.
Why is the soil moved? How to move? How can the fertile soil of "moving" be rebuilt into a fertile field? In the face of these problems, we found the answer at the pilot project site of the stripping and reuse of the cultivated layer of the Changsha Airport Reconstruction and Expansion Project in Hunan Province.
Around the Fengyu Village Farming Layer Project, demonstration houses such as Qingyuan, Xinyuan, and Dongtang have been built with high standards, showing a Yongan picture of "ecological beauty, production beauty, and life beauty". After the beginning of spring, Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City, Hunan Province, a large area of rapeseed is covered on the vast field like a carpet.
The soil on which these rapeseeds grow is not "native", but moved from Yutang Village, Huanghua Town, Changsha County, Changsha. A little more than a year ago, the story of the "move" of fertile soil was staged here. Find a "new home" for more than 400,000 square meters of fertile soil
In December 2020, the reconstruction and expansion project of Changsha Huanghua Airport, a key civil aviation construction project in Hunan Province during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and the largest single project in Hunan Province, was launched. According to the plan, the project needs to occupy more than 2,000 acres of high-quality cultivated land, involving more than 40 million square meters of high-quality cultivated layer soil.
In this regard, Hunan Province ** in the special scheduling of the construction of the Changsha Airport reconstruction and expansion project, requiring that the high-quality cultivated layer occupied by the project should be stripped and fully reused.
Finding a 'new home' for "so many high-quality soils is a lot to consider. First of all, it can't be too far, and the transportation cost needs to be controlled; The second is to transport high-quality soil to where it is really needed. We investigated the situation in many places, held several rounds of meetings, and finally determined that Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City, is about 22 kilometers away from Changsha Huanghua Airport, which belongs to the strict control of cultivated land. The relevant person in charge of the Hunan Provincial Department of Natural Resources introduced. At the beginning of the construction of the airport project, the Hunan Department formulated a work plan for the stripping and reuse of the cultivated layer, and included the relevant costs in the total investment of the construction project.
The expansion of the airport will occupy a lot of arable land in the village, and Huang Hailin, secretary of the party branch of Yutang Village, Huanghua Town, Changsha County, Changsha, has different feelings about this. "At first, I felt sorry when I heard that the airport reconstruction and expansion would take up so much arable land and waste so much fertile land in the village. Later, I heard that this soil would be transferred to Liuyang, and I was very happy, and it was a good thing that I could benefit the people there. Liuyang is not far away, and it is easy to go and see it. ”
More than 20 kilometers away, Shao Guosheng, secretary of the general party branch of Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City, was so happy that he couldn't sleep when he heard the news: "I never dreamed that the village could get this batch of hard-won soil. "The quality of the soil in Fengyu Village has always been low," he said, "The factory used to be built, but the land was abandoned after the shutdown. Occasionally, villagers plant grass and raise lotus flowers on it, allowing them to grow naturally. Shao Guosheng said.
In practice, we have found that the implementation of this fertile soil "moving" project is indeed not easy. There are 12 groups in Fengyu Village, more than 400 families, and more than 1,500 people. For the village to carry out this big project, it needs to be recognized and supported by the villagers. Shao Guosheng said: "This is a new thing after all, I have never heard of it before. Moreover, it is related to the vital interests of the villagers. Some villagers did not agree at first, but the comrades of the general party branch of our village came to the door again and again to do their work. There are also leaders and comrades of the natural resources departments of Changsha City and Liuyang City, who have come to our village many times to hold housing meetings to preach natural resource policies to everyone, and to talk about family life and reasoning. ”
Land is the lifeblood of farmers. When it comes to land, we need to listen to the people's voices and understand their voices. Before the implementation of the project of stripping and reusing the cultivated layer in Fengyu Village, we and the Liuyang Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources jointly held activities such as the Night Talk of the Housing Farm and the National Land Day to actively publicize the main practices and effectiveness of the project, and won the understanding and support of the masses. In addition, the Land Consolidation Center of Changsha Bureau and four party branches of Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, were paired to build a party member service team for the Fengyu Village topsoil stripping project. At the same time, the Liuyang Bureau arranged special personnel to follow up and guide the whole process to ensure the standardized implementation and orderly progress of the project. Within two months, the local people independently completed the removal and clearance of non-food crops such as turf and lotus root, laying a solid foundation for the smooth implementation of the project. Duan Ning, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Changsha Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, introduced. Encrypted soil surveys
Plan the field
Tillage layer stripping and reuse, also known as guest soil method, refers to the stripping of tillage layer soil by technical means when cultivated land is occupied, and it is applied to land reclamation, soil improvement and other projects. As far as contaminated soil is concerned, it is a good engineering and physical treatment method to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the soil or reduce the contact between pollutants and plant roots by adding clean soil. In order to implement soil stripping and reuse, the first step is to test the quality of the soil. Hunan Provincial Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Survey is a public welfare second-class institution affiliated to the Hunan Provincial Institute of Geology, and has obtained the qualification of the environmental monitoring and investigation service project in the early stage of the project through competitive negotiation.
The total area of cultivated land within the reconstruction and expansion of Changsha Airport is 231956 acres, according to the results of the encrypted investigation of the heavy metal pollution status of cultivated land soil and agricultural products provided by the environmental protection department, the soil environmental quality category of cultivated land is divided into priority protection area of 212417 acres, 195 safe utilization classes39 acres, no strict control.
The Hunan Provincial Geophysical and Geochemical Survey (PIC) conducted a more intensive sampling survey to ensure accuracy. "The environmental protection department sampled 1 point on 150 acres, and there were only 11 points in the entire stripping area. We collected a total of 48 soil samples from the tillage layer according to the density of 50 acres per point. After analysis and testing, the soil environmental quality category of cultivated land in the demarcation area was 201419 acres, 305 safe utilization classes37 acres, no strict control. Huang Fengqiu, a technician of the institute, introduced, "The overall heavy metal content of the soil in the tillage layer in the stripping area is low, the environmental quality is good, the soil fertility is high, and it is suitable for the growth of crops, which is a rare high-quality soil resource." At the same time, through the sampling survey of Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City, the soil response area, it was determined that 680 cultivated land should be strictly controlled2 acres, safe use of cultivated land 11711 acre.
The Second Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Hunan Province provides technical support for the entire project, and is specifically responsible for the preliminary demonstration of the project's tillage layer stripping and reuse plan, the site selection and mapping of the tillage layer reuse overburden area, the design and budget preparation of the tillage layer reuse project, and the relevant technical services for the whole process of the implementation of the tillage layer reuse plan.
After earthwork calculation and design scheme demonstration, the Second Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Hunan Province concluded that Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City, should not be stripped of topsoil, and covered with 30 cm of guest soil method, which can solve the problem of being polluted and unable to grow food crops.
In the engineering design process, we considered the soil improvement process design and irrigation and drainage design. Plough the land to move the contaminated topsoil downward. Quicklime is sprinkled to neutralize soil acidity, loosen soil, reduce soil compaction, increase microbial flora activity, improve soil environment, and improve soil quality. The implementation of irrigation and drainage separation, irrigation channel bottom is higher than the original field surface line, drainage ditch water level is lower than the original field surface line, to avoid pollutants through water and soil exchange to cause secondary pollution to the upper layer of the soil of the cultivated layer, water sources are from the pollution-free Laodao River water irrigation. Cao Shi, director of the cultivated land protection department of the Second Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Hunan Province, introduced.
In order to do a good job in engineering design, Cao Shi and his colleagues went to Fengyu Village, leaving many footprints in the fields, ridges, and ditches. Cao Shi said that he was more familiar with the land in Fengyu Village than in his hometown.
The Second Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Hunan Province and the general party branch of our village extensively solicited the opinions of the masses, and the design plan was finally determined after three adjustments, designing a comfortable home for the fertile soil to ensure that the new soil was flat and placed and irrigation was sufficient. Shao Guosheng said.
Fertile soil is pavedWays to increase income
In February 2022, the tillage layer in Yutang Village, Huanghua Town, Changsha County, began to be stripped off, "In order to ensure that the stripped soil is usable as soon as it is transported, we set up 7 stripping zones and 5 storage areas on the site to stack the stripped tillage layer into the storage area. We strip and store topsoil45460,000 cubic meters. Among them, the total area of the stripping area is 2,278 acres, and the stripping thickness is 30 cm. The total area of the storage area is 272 acres, and the average height of the mound is about 2 meters. Huang Hailin said.
At the same time, Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City, is also preparing for the fertile soil to "settle down". "According to the design plan of the Hunan Provincial No. 2 Institute of Surveying and Mapping, we first cleared the trees, weeds and stones in the demonstration area, and then leveled the land. The fields were dug high and filled low, and the fields were leveled, and two deep ploughing and lime disinfection were carried out. The water in the field is discharged to Liujiagou through the drainage ditch, and finally flows into the lower reaches of the Laodao River outside the project area, forming an irrigation and drainage system and supporting the fields, providing convenient water source conditions for later cultivation. In addition, we have implemented field road works. On the basis of making full use of the existing roads, the layout along the main canals, open up the broken roads, connect the roads into a network, and occupy as little farmland as possible. These field transportation networks can meet the needs of external transportation and mechanized farming within the region. Zhang Xinqiang, director of the Land Consolidation Center of the Liuyang Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources, introduced.
In the display area of the process of the tillage layer project in Fengyu Village, the plot intuitively shows the process of soil transportation, soil covering, and field construction of the tillage layer project.
In June 2022, trucks loaded with fertile soil drove into Fengyu Village. "In those days, the trucks formed a long queue and the rumbling sound sounded in our Fengyu village, and the villagers overcame the noise and dust to join the project to check whether each piece of land was compacted by the bulldozer and whether the new soil covering it was paved. Shao Guosheng said.
The project started in June 2022 and was completed in February 2023, with a total of about 400,000 cubic meters of soil stripped from the tillage layer and a total of 490,000 trains, all transported to Fengyu Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City. The total investment of the project is 9275230,000 yuan, is the largest tillage layer stripping and reuse project in Hunan Province.
After the fertile soil moved to settle the "home", the Fengyu Village Land Professional Cooperative transferred and leased it in a centralized manner. Fengyu Village signed a 10-year contract with Hunan Sanxiang 10,000 acres of pastoral smart agricultural technology. How profitable is the project today?
Wu Jianping, the person in charge of the company, introduced that according to the standard of 500 yuan per mu per year in the first three years, 600 yuan per mu per mu in the middle three years, and 700 yuan per mu per mu in the next four years, the rent will be paid to farmers. In 2023, the circulation project will be profitable, and the income of the villagers will also increase. "In 2023, the income will increase by nearly 2,000 yuan. The village has changed a lot, the soil has been improved, the fields have changed from small hills to large hills, roads and ditches have been repaired, and the village has become beautiful. Villager Hu Yuankun said happily.
Li Feng, director of the Liuyang Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources, said, "The project has achieved the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits. "In terms of economic benefits, more than 1,690 acres of inefficient and barren cultivated land in Fengyu Village have been effectively managed, and 169 new cultivated land has been added85 acres, the quality of cultivated land has been improved by one level. In 2023, after the rapeseed harvest is completed, Fengyu Village will plant 359 mu of early rice, 611 mu of one-season rice, and 400 mu of late rice in the demonstration area, with an average yield of 3,420 kg per mu and a total yield of about 81080,000 kilograms, after full cultivation, it can increase the income of 3.4 million kilograms of grain for the villagers every year, and the income will increase by more than 4 million yuan.
The milk corn planted on the cultivation layer project in Fengyu Village ushered in a bumper harvest.
Through this project, Hunan Province has further explored the implementation path of "moving" high-quality cultivated land, improving polluted cultivated land, and improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed cultivated land, and formed a set of working mechanisms for the whole process of reuse of cultivated layers. At the same time, it has enhanced the understanding and support of the farmers for the stripping and reuse of the cultivated layer, and enhanced the awareness of the masses to rationally use land and strictly protect cultivated land. The project has effectively controlled the cultivated land lost due to turf planting, rationally utilized the scattered and fragmented plots with low utilization rates, effectively dredged and treated the channel water system, and rationally laid out damaged roads and road networks. The project was commended by the Hunan Province ** 2022 Comprehensive General Supervision Notice. Peel layer reuse
Maturity
The cultivated layer of cultivated land is a high-quality topsoil suitable for the growth of crops formed by long-term natural evolution and cultivation and fertilization, which is the essence of cultivated land and the material basis of agricultural production. Carrying out the stripping and utilization of cultivated land is an important way to adhere to the strictest cultivated land protection system under the new situation, and to implement the implementation of the division of the superior and the superior, and the occupation of paddy fields to replenish the paddy fields, and it is an important livelihood project, ecological project and rescue project. It can effectively solve the damage to cultivated land resources caused by project construction, and realize the transformation of 'grain field' into 'fertile land'. It is of great significance to protect cultivated land resources, improve the quality of cultivated land, implement grain storage on the ground, and ensure national food security. The project of stripping and reusing cultivated layers in Fengyu Village has accumulated experience for Hunan Province to carry out the stripping and reuse of cultivated land in accordance with laws and regulations. The relevant person in charge of the Hunan Department said.
At present, the stripping and reuse of the tillage layer has been extended to more areas in Hunan Province. Tianxin District of Changsha City adopts the principles of overall planning, stripping and rational utilization to promote the stripping and reuse of cultivated land. In October 2023, Changsha Wanding Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. transferred more than 160 acres of land from Gaoyun Village, of which 38 acres were mixed with high-quality cultivated layer soil transported from the farmland of Datuopu Street in the district, and now rape has been planted, and it is planned to plant rice after harvesting, and a bumper harvest is expected in 2024. "At present, the high-quality cultivated layer in the Jiefangyuan area and the Olympic sports area under construction will be stripped of the soil and covered to the soil with a thinner layer, and the paddy field in the whole area will be increased by at least 1 grade, and the dry land will be increased by 1 2 grades, effectively improving the output capacity of medium and low-yield fields. The person in charge of the Natural Resources Bureau of Tianxin District, Changsha City, introduced.
The paddy fields prepared in Fengyu Village are waiting for early rice transplanting.
In September 2023, the stripping and reuse of soil in the cultivated layer was written into the "Hunan Provincial Special Plan for Cultivated Land Protection and Land Space (2021-2035)" issued by the General Office of the Hunan Provincial People's Government. The plan proposes to comprehensively promote the stripping and reuse of soil in the tillage layer. "Take the project of stripping and reusing the cultivated layer of cultivated land as a pilot, explore the establishment of a 'bank system for the cultivated layer' in Hunan Province, and turn the resources of the cultivated layer into assets and capital. Through pilot applications, establish rules and regulations, strengthen overall planning, improve the working mechanism of tillage layer stripping and reuse, and improve the comprehensive benefits of tillage layer reuse. Focus on clarifying the implementation scope and responsible subjects of tillage layer stripping and reuse, and establish a standardized working mechanism for the whole chain of topsoil stripping, storage, transportation and reuse. The topsoil of the cultivated layer occupied by the construction project shall be registered, and the dynamic ledger of soil resources shall be established to promote the orderly and circular implementation of the stripping and reuse of the cultivated layer. ”
Can the soil of the high-quality tillage layer be moved to another place once and for all? Huang Fengqiu gave this advice: "The surface soil, surface water, bottom sediment and groundwater in the soil stripping and reuse area should be continuously monitored within five years to ensure the effectiveness and long-term benefits of the project." ”
In this regard, Cao Guang, member of the Party Committee and deputy mayor of Yongan Town, Liuyang City, said, "We have done two tests, one in October 2022 when the main project is almost completed, and another time in December 2023, pesticide residues, heavy metals, pH, and inorganic salt content are all within the scope of the national standard." The early rice and late rice planted in 2023 have also been sent for inspection, and all of them meet the national standards. Since then, we will test once a year. Experts say it takes 200 years for a 1 centimeter of soil to form naturally and 200 to 400 years for a 1 centimeter of tillage to form. This soil is more precious than gold, and we need to protect it. He also said, "During the construction, the topsoil layer of Fengyu Village was actually covered by 35 centimeters, and in some places it was as much as 50 centimeters. ”
In fields covered with fresh soil, rape grows stronger than elsewhere. "The land is so fertile, and it won't be long before the rape will bloom. Cao Guang is looking forward to the future.
Yong'an Township Fengyuwan Primary School "moved" the classroom to the cultivation layer project, and the children flew kites in the rape flower field.
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