On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out. The Korean People's Army (KPA) went all the way south, and in less than 80 days, it successfully repelled the ROK and part of the US troops and retreated to Pusan.
However, the war did not end there, and on September 15, the U.S.-led coalition** successfully landed at Incheon, and the situation on the battlefield took a sharp turn for the worse. In less than half a month, the Korean People's Army was quickly defeated and retreated northward.
Subsequently, the joint ** crossed the 38th parallel into North Korea and bombed the Sino-North Korean border. Faced with such a grim situation, on October 19, the Chinese People's Volunteers stepped forward, crossed the Yalu River, and began to fight fiercely with United ** in North Korea.
Beginning on October 25, the combined forces of China and North Korea fought a total of five large-scale battles over the next six months, and finally succeeded in stabilizing the situation on the battlefield and fixing the battle line near the 38th parallel.
The issue of garrisoning troops after the Korean War China sent volunteers during the Korean War and made the greatest efforts to achieve peace in Korea. After the signing of the armistice agreement, China took the lead in withdrawing its troops from Korea, but in order to maintain the balance of the peninsula and deter South Korea and the United States, the volunteers still retained nearly 250,000 troops in Korea, which played an important role.
However, the content of China and North Korea's call for the withdrawal of all foreign military forces from the peninsula has not been echoed by the international community, especially the neglect and rejection of the United States and other Western countries.
In 1957, with the need for Kim Il Sung to consolidate his power in North Korean society, some high-level pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese factions were replaced and even happened. In 1957, the pro-Chinese top of the North Korean ** Committee had largely disappeared.
At this time, Kim Il Sung began to discuss with the leaders of China and the Soviet Union in Moscow the issue of the stationing of volunteers in Korea. At the Moscow Congress of the Communist Party in November 1957, Kim Il Sung took the initiative to meet with Stalin to discuss the stationing of the Chinese People's Volunteers in Korea.
Kim Il Sung put forward a proposal for the withdrawal of the Chinese People's Volunteers from North Korea in batches and hoped that China could intervene in a military conflict in North Korea if necessary.
** Agreed to Kim Il-sung's proposal, because it was not China's intention to station 250,000 troops in North Korea for a long time, and the main reason was to prevent the United States and South Korea from recurring.
At this time, the situation on the Korean Peninsula was basically stable, and there was little possibility of a military conflict, so it was reasonable to propose the withdrawal of troops. In addition, in order to reduce military spending and spend more funds on economic construction and improving the people's livelihood, China put forward the idea of major disarmament in 1957.
If the 250,000 troops stationed in the DPRK could be repatriated, it would be easier to achieve the stated goal of disarmament — from more than 3.8 million to more than 2.5 million. Kim Il Sung put forward two plans for the withdrawal of troops: first, the DPRK openly proposed it, and China responded positively, jointly issuing to the world a demand for the early realization of peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula to withdraw all foreign troops; Second, North Korea issued a statement, the Soviet Union took the lead in proposing the withdrawal of troops to the United Nations, and China took the lead in responding and forcing the United Nations to withdraw its troops.
After careful consideration, ** believes that the first option is the most appropriate. In the end, the three parties reached a consensus: North Korea put forward a demand for troop withdrawal, and China responded positively to put pressure on the United Nations, and then the United Nations demanded that the United States and other countries withdraw their troops from South Korea, and finally realize the complete independence of the Korean Peninsula.
At the beginning of December 1957, the DPRK side sent an invitation to the Chinese Government Council in the name of Kim Il Sung, sincerely hoping that China would send personnel to visit the DPRK, and at the same time clearly hoped that a delegation would be led by the prime minister.
On December 11, the Prime Minister unequivocally replied that he had accepted the invitation to visit the DPRK in February 1958. On February 5, 1958, the DPRK announced that it hoped that all foreign military forces would withdraw from the Korean Peninsula in order to promote peace and stability on the peninsula.
On February 7, China** publicly expressed its full support for the DPRK's proposals and aspirations, and said that China** would hold high-level consultations with the DPRK** as soon as possible on withdrawing the Chinese People's Volunteers.
On February 14, the premier led a Chinese delegation (including the chief minister, Vice Minister Zhang Wentian, and Chief of the General Staff of the Central Military Commission Su Yu) to visit the DPRK and was warmly welcomed by the DPRK party and state leaders.
** During his week's stay in North Korea, the prime minister arranged intensive state events and agreed with the North Korean leader on the withdrawal of the Chinese People's Volunteers to the country, and the Chinese People's Volunteers would be withdrawn from Korea in three batches by the end of 1958.
**and** laid wreaths at the Korean martyrs, and China ** decided to withdraw the Chinese People's Volunteers in Korea. In the joint statement of China and the DPRK, we expressed China's determination to withdraw its troops and demonstrated the sincerity of China and the DPRK on the issue of troop withdrawal.
We call on the United Nations to do the same. The headquarters of the Chinese People's Volunteers responded to the call of ** and issued a statement on the withdrawal of troops. The DPRK designated February 1958 as the "DPRK-China Friendship Month" to commemorate the friendship between the Chinese and DPRK peoples.
Since this month, hundreds of volunteers scattered throughout China have begun to contribute to the Korean people, and they have carried out a series of service work, including planting trees, digging ditches, building embankments, building houses, leveling roads and bridges, and tidying up homes, which have won unanimous praise from the Korean people.
On March 11, North Korean leader Kim Il became the first batch of volunteers who were about to return to China, held a farewell ceremony and awarded military merit medals to the volunteers. On the 12th, Kim Il Sung visited the soldiers of the Chinese People's Volunteers and thanked the volunteers for their contributions to the DPRK on behalf of the DPRK ** and the people.
In 1958, the Chinese People's Volunteers withdrew from North Korea in three batches in accordance with the guidance of **. The last group departed from Pyongyang, North Korea, on October 25, exactly the time the first campaign was launched eight years ago.
We can't say for sure whether this is a coincidence or a deliberate arrangement, but we can be sure that it is a manifestation of the deep friendship between the Chinese People's Volunteers and the Korean people. In the years following the withdrawal, fewer than 100 members of the Military Armistice Commission remained in North Korea to conduct their day-to-day business.
By the late eighties, the number had dwindled to just six.
The heroic deeds of the Chinese People's Volunteers have won praise from the international community for building embankments for the Korean people. However, over time, a number of events changed the role of the Volunteer Army in Korea.
In 1991, the United Nations entrusted the South Koreans to exercise the relevant functions and powers of the Military Armistice Commission on behalf of the United Nations, but North Korea resisted this, resulting in the Military Armistice Commission losing its substantive role.
The following year, China established diplomatic relations with South Korea, which North Korea regretted, but could not change China's decision to become independent. In 1993 and 1994, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conducted assessments of North Korea's nuclear facilities and issued results that dissatisfied North Korea.
This led North Korea to withdraw from the International Atomic Energy Agency in anger. In 1994, the U.S. representative to the United Nations proposed sanctions against North Korea, and North Korea publicly declared that the military armistice agreement was null and void and that the military armistice commission no longer existed.
Despite this, the Chinese People's Volunteers remained in Korea until December 1994, when all six military representatives of the Chinese People's Volunteers returned to China, drawing an imperfect end to the Chinese People's Volunteers' War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
These 44 years of heroic resistance have laid a solid foundation for the friendship between China and the DPRK.
After the end of the Korean War, what did the Chinese People's Volunteers do in the next five years? On July 27, 1953, after the signing of the Korean Military Armistice Agreement, the United States had planned to hold a high-level political meeting three months later to discuss the withdrawal of troops and seek a peaceful solution to the Korean Peninsula issue.
However, by October, the joint ** side did not hold this meeting as planned, and the issue of withdrawal was never resolved. After the armistice, South Korea and North Korea stationed nearly 700,000 and 600,000 troops respectively outside the demilitarized zone, and the two sides formed a military formation, but there was no military conflict.
Beginning in 1954, China began to gradually withdraw part of its volunteer army from Korea. By 1955, only 6 military units with a total of 250,000 volunteers were stationed in North Korea.
The main task of these 250,000 volunteers is to cooperate with the Korean People's Army, deploy defenses along the 38th parallel, and form a military force to compete with the ROK. In addition to the necessary sentry guards and mobile emergency personnel, most of the other volunteers participated in the social production of the Korean people stationed in the area, and made a significant contribution to the recovery of Korean society and the reconstruction of their homeland after the war.
1.According to data released by Wang Ping, political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteers, the Chinese People's Volunteers not only fought fierce battles on the Korean battlefield, but also actively participated in various voluntary labors, such as building water conservancy, building houses, paving roads and bridges, and providing people, money, materials, and technology, which effectively promoted the rapid recovery of Korean society.
2.After the withdrawal of the Chinese People's Volunteers, China dispersed its returned troops to the northeast, north and southwest, and stockpiled a large amount of war materials in case of emergency.
After entering the 21st century, the relations between the DPRK and the ROK fluctuated, and the United States led the joint ** in the ROK to impose severe economic sanctions on the DPRK on the grounds of nuclear testing, while the DPRK showed a strong attitude of resistance, and the situation on the Korean Peninsula was tense for a time, and several small-scale military conflicts took place.
3.For more than four years from 2003 to 2007, China, as the host country of the Six-Party Talks, held six rounds of talks on the DPRK issue in Beijing, inviting China, the United States, North Korea, the Republic of Korea, Japan and Russia to participate.
Through the Six-Party Talks, part of the North Korean issue has been resolved, but no agreement has been reached on key nuclear-related issues. 4.In 2009, North Korea unilaterally announced that it would withdraw from the Six-Party Talks, and then publicly stated that it did not recognize the agreements reached at the Six-Party Talks, undoing the efforts of China and other countries.
Will the United States withdraw its troops from South Korea? After the armistice of the Korean War, United ** did not intend to withdraw its troops from South Korea. On the contrary, at the end of 1953, the United States and South Korea signed the South Korea-US Mutual Defense Treaty, which was explicitly intended to be in force permanently.
The United States used its military might to try to deter North Korea, but such a plan was doomed to failure. As the situation on the Korean Peninsula stabilized, the United States began to withdraw its troops on a small scale, and the first to withdraw were some of the smaller countries among the participating countries.
Later, the United States withdrew some of its U.S. troops from South Korea in order to maintain its military presence in Europe and around the world. Until the 90s of the last century, the United States still had more than 40,000 troops stationed in South Korea, including more than 30,000 army forces, more than 10,000 air forces, and more than 80 military bases.
Therefore, we can unequivocally say that the United States is not going to withdraw all its troops from the DPRK. This is entirely in the interests of the United States itself. The situation on the Korean peninsula involves the participation of the United States, so it is very difficult to achieve peaceful reunification.
Although time may resolve this historical legacy, we hope that the people of the Korean peninsula will soon be able to realize the aspirations of the North and the South as one family.