Shehuo originated from the ancient practice of Xingwu.
Since the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Son of Heaven and the princes enjoyed the exclusive "Son of Heaven Wu", while the "Guowu" prevailed throughout the country, and the people held "Da Da" activities. However, with the evolution of history, especially in the Tang and Song dynasties, the "Wu" activities in the court gradually declined, but were widely inherited and developed among the people. During the Song and Song dynasties, the humanities and arts reached their peak, and art forms such as song and dance, miscellaneous opera, hundred operas, and southern operas emerged one after another. During this period, many scholars also participated in the ritual activities, which gradually weakened the religious color of "Nu", and the entertainment became increasingly enhanced. From the first day of the first lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first month of each year, the "Wu class" from all over the country will go to the village to visit the households, gongs and drums are noisy, and firecrackers are ringing in unison, bringing joy and blessings to the farmers, and praying for good luck and good luck in the new year. Therefore, "dancing to pray for the New Year" has become the main activity of the year-end party.
Qinghai's Shehuo is known for its unique charm and style. In the performance, the elements such as dancing, twisting, singing, speaking, and doing are all natural, without too much deliberate choreography and embellishment. It pursues an easy-to-understand and free way of expression, which is suitable for all ages, elegant and vulgar. The social fire performance covers a wealth of programs, such as dry boats, stilts, high platforms, dragons and lions, money sticks, rolling lanterns, etc., although the form is simple, but it is full of fun and is deeply loved by the masses. In addition, the "Shehuo Body", which is composed of characters such as "Master Lantern Official", "Ma Baozi", "Dumb Man", and "Fat Woman", is interspersed in the performance, adding a cheerful and warm atmosphere to the whole performance. Their appearance, costumes, mannerisms and props are primitive and simple, with contrasting colors and rough movements. This form of performance fully demonstrates the interest of ancient culture and conveys the spirit of the ancient and expansive. Qinghai Shehuo's lyrics, singing words, speeches, congratulatory words, and prayers, all the tone of the people. The slang is full of slang and witty.
The travel of Qinghai Shehuo emphasizes majesty and magnificence. The lineup is huge and mighty. Walking to the countryside and villages to perform, there is a newspaper newsletter in front, and a horse team (similar to a flag honor guard) lined up in the back. The lamp officer is in command, the artillery roars, the drums are noisy, the double dragons open the way, the lions press the formation, all kinds of bodies perform their duties, twist vigorously, and jump desperately. Coupled with their gags, laughter and scolding, the crowd was excited. The atmosphere of the New Year is boiling.
Before the liberation, the Qinghai Shehuo organization was simple, and it was often a combination of several Zhuangzi and was specifically operated by the "Vulcan Society". First select the "Shehuo Head" (a person who knows how and is highly respected), and then appoint the "lamp officer", who will purchase props and assign"Body" is performed. After the liberation, most of the social fires in the villages were handled by the village committees. Qinghai Shehuo contains a strong and long history of local Wu cultural heritage, the so-called "body" is actually the sound of the "gods", before becoming the "body", the people who are elected as the "body" have to hold a sacrificial ceremony in the fire temple, the land temple, burn incense and turn the table, and the head is inserted into a triangular "table yard" made of a yellow table, and then it is believed that the "god" has been possessed, and since then the mission has been completed, it is not allowed to "unload the gods" (change of costumes, boycotts, violations of discipline, etc.) during the entire performance period, because of these"The body "is the God who governs all things, and there can be no blasphemy against it." Take the "Lord Lamp Officer.""He wears a fur hat on his head, paints his face with smoke charcoal, rides livestock, is in charge of the lights, and inspects the living beings in all directions according to the will of heaven, just as the "Lantern Official Words" says: the gold medal of the Queen Mother, the holy decree of the Jade Emperor, the treasure of the Buddha, and the ...... of the three religionsWith a rough social fire, he wandered to the Nether Shenzhou ......Everywhere he goes, ask about good and evil, and the emperor will be in charge of three points. For the sake of national peace and security, for the sake of smooth weather and ......My lord came and didn't come, the breeze and drizzle brought it, and the big ingots rolled in. My lord is gone, and he will take away the disasters and diseases, and he will beat those pestilence and evil spirits, children's pox, and the black sweat and eyes of mules and horses in the clouds. Bless bless bless, bless the real bless, and keep the grain swelling and bursting. Life is full of years, and the New Year is joyfully welcomed.
In Qinghai Shehuo, there is an eye-catching character - "Fat Woman". She was dressed in a red robe, combed her hair in a bun, smeared with grease and powder, and held a rag doll in her hand. In the social fire performance, she was particularly active, showing the rag dolls to the crowd, triggering warm interactions and blessings from everyone.
The dragon, as a symbol of the Chinese nation, strongly carries people's expectations for the prosperity of the country. In Qinghai, the green dragon symbolizes good weather and good weather, and the yellow dragon represents the prosperity of the country and the political clarity. Therefore, the dragon dance has become an indispensable part of the fire performance. On the eve of the performance, a grand ceremony will be held to "invite" the dragon out of the cave, and the next morning it will beat gongs and drums, burn incense and set off firecrackers, which is called "leading the dragon back". In this process, every household is lit at the door of the ** pile, lit incense candles, and welcomes the arrival of the dragon. After a week around the village, the dragon will also go to the spring to drink, which means to bring peace. On the day of "February 2nd", the people in the area of Datong Chengguan in Qinghai will also carry the dragon in the fire to the Dragon King Temple in Dongshan to worship, commonly known as "the dragon raises its head".
The "four tiles" performance of Shehuo in Huangxi Village, Datong County, Qinghai Province is unique and is the representative of the local Shehuo. Legend has it that the frog saved the crops that were plagued by pests and became a hero and protector in the hearts of the locals. To thank the frog god, the villagers created a unique dance inspired by the frog. They painted frog patterns in green, held tile-like camel bones to imitate frog chirping, and incorporated frog movements into the dance to worship the frog god. This custom gradually evolved into a fire show to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new. The "Four Tiles" dance shows the beauty of the frog's posture, and its unique movements are eye-catching in the Qinghai folk fire.
Depending on the performance time, Qinghai Shehuo is also divided into "black and white Shehuo". As the name suggests, the "Black Society Fire" is held in the evening, mainly highlighting the pyrotechnic effect, and the content of the performance is relatively concise. Usually by the "lamp officer master","Ma Baozi", "Dumb", "Fat Woman", "Selling Plaster", "Merchant", "Forgetting to Distinguish", "Foolish Boy" hold lanterns to perform, and the folk are also known as "Ugly Society Fire". On the premise of "ugly", natural, simple, witty and rough have become the texture and character of Shehuo, and they stand on their own to reject flashy and false pretentiousness and form a great beauty. Starting from the seventh day of the first lunar month every year, Shangsunjiazhai and other places in Datong County, Qinghai Province will hold a "black community fire" performance; During the four-hour performance, almost all folk music forms such as minor tunes, folk songs, wine songs, Yangge, and Taoism compete to be displayed, making people forget the long winter. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Xining poet Zhu Yaonan once wrote a poem: Xiu Ming advocated answering Shengping, and the street dance sang and sang the praise. The ingenious fish and dragon look at the changes, and there are many more on the scene.
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