Editor's Pick: A groundbreaking study conducted by King's College London and partners has shown that a rare T-cell VD1-GD can respond to immunity in patients with advanced cancer. This finding could lead to more effective and long-lasting cancers**.
A groundbreaking study has shown that VD1-GD T cells can indicate the likelihood of a patient's response to cancer immunity**, paving the way for more targeted and effective**.
Researchers at King's College London, the Guy and St Thomas Hospital Trust** and the Francis Crick Institute have found that one type of immune cell can help which patients are likely to benefit the most from cancer immunity.
The study, published Jan. 3 in the journal Nature Cancer, found that a rare type of T cell (a type of immune cell) can help with the likelihood of whether or not a patient with **advanced** cancer responds to immunity**. This outcome may also lead to the development of new and more effective** melanoma patients who do not benefit from current immunity**.
When cancer attacks the body, it can target checkpoint proteins on immune cells to weaken the body's immune response. When this happens, the immune cells that normally attack the cancer cells are thought to be suppressed and "inactivated," allowing the cancer to grow uncontrollably. An immunodeficiency known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIS) can reverse this by blocking the pathway for T-cell checkpoints.
Previous studies have shown that ICIS can "reactivate" T cells that were previously suppressed by cancer cells. T cells can then kill cancer cells by recognizing cancer cell mutations that are not present in healthy cells. Where ICIS has been most successful, doctors of cancer seem to be able to have some patients with cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. However, this means that most patients with advanced cancer do not benefit from ICIS, which, combined with this, often leads to lifelong illness
Wellcome Trust Clinical Scientist at King's College London and Honorary Consultant Medical Oncologist at Guy Hospital, co-senior author Dr Yin Wu said: "The number of cancer mutations can sometimes help doctors identify patients who are most likely to benefit from ICI**, but curiously some cancers with few mutations still respond well. Our research team theorized that these successes must be due to the fact that other immune cells were able to see cancer cells even in the absence of a large number of mutations. ”
A rare subset of T cells, VD1-GD T cells, can recognize and kill cancer cells without requiring them to mutate to identify. These T cells can be found inside tumors, and they also have a specific type of immune checkpoint protein, PD-1.
The researchers analyzed clinical trial data from 127 melanoma patients who underwent ICI targeting the "PD-1" immune checkpoint and found that the presence of VD1-GD T cells was highly positive for ICI, especially in cancers with fewer mutations. The team then used a new technique to isolate and culture these cells from human tissues and demonstrated for the first time that VD1-GD T cells can be reactivated by ICI and are currently being used in NHS for patients with **advanced** cancer.
of the first author.
Dr Shradha Kamdar, a researcher at King's College, said: "The results of the study can help doctors decide which patients are most likely to benefit from current immune**. These are expensive, and importantly, can lead to serious lifetimes, so it's important to be able to ** when they actually work. ”
The team also found that VD1-GD T cells were more resistant to inhibition of cancer cells than the more common T cells, meaning that the use of VD1-GD T cells could last longer.
"Our study highlights the importance of understanding the contribution of lesser-studied immune cell types to improving the effectiveness of immune**," said co-first author Daniel D**ies, PhD student. ”
These findings may help doctors decide which cancer patients will benefit the most from certain immune**. Whether or not the patient has a good chance of responding, will save healthcare providers from the expense of ordering that may not work, and help prevent patients from accepting potential toxicity that doesn't help the cancer.
Co-senior author Adrian Hayday, Professor of Immunobiology at King's College and Principal Chair of the Francis Crick Institute, added: "Collaboration is key to any scientific research, and this project shows the benefits of cross-institutional collaboration. The results of this study are striking and strongly support ongoing efforts to inject VD1-GD T cells directly into cancer patients, an approach pioneered by King's College London and the Francis Crick Institute. ”
*：nature cancer
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