Xia Dynasty Around 1600 BCE, a fierce decisive battle between the Shang tribe and the Xia dynasty took place in Mingtiao (the exact location of which is disputed, in the west of present-day Xia County, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, and near present-day Luoyang, Henan Province). In the end, the coalition led by Shang Tang defeated the Xia Dynasty army, and the Xia Dynasty fell, opening a new chapter in the Shang Dynasty.
The Xia Dynasty, a once glorious dynasty, after more than 400 years of rule, reached the era of Ji (also known as Xugui), which was already in decline and full of crises. The king indulged in the beauty of the queen's beauty, reused traitorous ministers, was cruel and ruthless to his loyal minister Guan Long, and brutally exploited and oppressed the people and subject countries, arousing widespread resistance and hatred. The historical documents "Bamboo Book Chronicle" and "Tongjian Waiji" both record in detail the atrocities of King Ji, who built a large number of buildings, built luxurious palaces, exhausted the people's financial resources, and used wine as a pool and hanging meat as a forest, and lived a life of debauchery. Xia Wei often compared himself to the sun, and the people indignantly cursed him "Time will be lost, and you will all die" (Sun, when will you perish, we are willing to perish with you!).）。
At the same time, in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Shang tribe gradually rose to become a force to be reckoned with. After Shang Tang succeeded to the throne, he moved the center of his rule to Nanbo (southwest of present-day Yucheng County, Henan Province), and actively planned to overthrow the Xia Dynasty and establish his own dynasty.
Shang Tang's main think tanks are Yi Yin and Zhong Yu. With their assistance, Shang Tang carefully planned to gradually weaken the Xia Dynasty's power. They first sent Yi Yin to infiltrate the summer capital several times