New China regained territory which
Since the Opium War in 1840, our country has been bullied by foreign powers for a hundred years and has continuously signed ** treaties, resulting in a large loss of land. According to statistics, in the 100-plus years from 1940 to 1949, China lost more than 3.4 million square kilometers of land.
Outer Northeast, Outer Northwest, Mongolia and other places were all forced to separate from that dark history. In modern times, China has ceded a large amount of territory through unequal treaties: in 1842, the Sino-British Treaty of Nanking ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain, about 781 square kilometer; In 1858, the Sino-Russian "Aihui Treaty" ceded more than 60 million square kilometers of land to the west of the Tongjiang River, north of the Heilongjiang River, and south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains. In 1860, the Sino-British Treaty of Peking ceded the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula to the British, about 4693 square kilometers; In 1860, the Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing ceded about 400,000 square kilometers of land east of the Ussuri River (including Sakhalin Island) to Tsarist Russia.
These historical facts remind us to remember history, cherish peace, and safeguard national territorial integrity.
China's Humiliating History in Modern Times: Territorial Loss, Sovereignty Violation Since 1840, China has suffered serious territorial loss and sovereignty violations during the Qing and Chinese dynasties.
These include the 1861 Sino-Russian "Tacheng Boundary Treaty" occupying 430,000 square kilometers of land, the 1864 Sino-Russian "Sino-Russian Treaty on the Survey and Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary" ceded 440,000 square kilometers of territory, the 1895 Sino-Japanese "Treaty of Shimonoseki" ceded nearly 100,000 square kilometers of land to the Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Island and its affiliated islands and the Penghu Islands, in 1898 the Sino-British "Extension of Hong Kong Boundary Article" leased Hong Kong to Britain for 99 years, and in 1911, Tsarist Russia forced the Qing ** to sign the "Manchuria Boundary Treaty" 110,000 square kilometers of land were cut.
Although China lost control over Outer Mongolia, it was still nominally Chinese territory, and the 1945 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance recognized Outer Mongolia
However, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength and international status, part of the land has been recovered one after another, including the "China-Myanmar Boundary Treaty" signed with Myanmar in 1960, which returned the Pianma, Gulang and Gangfang areas to China.
Although these recovered lands are only a drop in the bucket compared to the land lost in those years, they symbolize the Chinese people's adherence to territorial integrity and national dignity.
Although China has suffered serious territorial loss and sovereignty violations in recent history, the Chinese people have never given up the pursuit of territorial integrity and national dignity.
As a country with a long history and rich culture, China is trying to become strong and regain lost territory.
The Karakoram Corridor: Chinese territory since ancient times The Karakoram Corridor is located in the Pian Ma region, a vast land that has been China's territory since ancient times.
As early as the Han Dynasty, the history books recorded the existence of the Pishan Kingdom, whose king governed the country in Pishan City, about 5,800 kilometers away from Chang'an. At that time, the country of Pishan was located on this land.
However, in order to compete for the sphere of influence, Johnson, a British colonizer in modern times, drew a line on the map without authorization, and crossed the Sino-Indian border line north across the Karakoram Mountains and straight to the Kunlun Mountains.
In this way, Aksai Chin and the vast area north of the Karakoram Mountains were included in the British Indian Kashmir. However, neither the late Qing Dynasty nor the later Beiyang and the Nationals recognized this line.
Over time, India and Pakistan were partitioned, and the area became de facto controlled by Pakistan. Despite all the changes, the sovereignty of the Karakoram Corridor has never changed.
This land has always been China's territory and China's precious wealth.
1.In 1960, Pakistan took the initiative to resolve the border issue with China, and after efforts, the two sides issued the Joint Communiqué in 1962, announcing that the Sino-Pakistani border talks had achieved major breakthroughs and results.
During these negotiations, Pakistan decided to return the Karakoram Corridor to China, and in 1963, the two countries signed a document that successfully incorporated the 5,800-square-kilometre Karakoram Corridor into our territory.
2.After the independence of Kyrgyzstan, my country and Kyrgyzstan began negotiations to settle the border dispute. After several consultations, Kyrgyzstan decided to return four plots of land to our country.
Among them, the Hantenger Peak region, which is located in the alpine region with a harsh climate, was directly abandoned by Kyrgyzstan due to environmental reasons, and all of it was returned to our country, with an area of 130 square kilometers.
In addition, since Kyrgyzstan is not as convenient as our country in the 200-square-kilometer area of the British border, Kyrgyzstan has given up its contention for the area and has returned it to our country in its entirety.
The handling of disputed lots always follows the principle of peaceful settlement. In the Sino-Kyrgyzstan border dispute, despite the huge size of the area of the Qiongwusan Kush River, we successfully recovered 30% of the land, or about 800 square kilometers, after negotiations.
In the Maritabal region, despite the fact that Kyrgyzstan has always controlled the region, we have always adhered to the attitude of peaceful settlement of disputes, and finally decided to maintain the status quo in the region, which has not changed.
After several rounds of negotiations, the two sides signed a border treaty, and China successfully recovered about 1,200 square kilometers of land. Tajikistan's territorial dispute with China stems from the Outer Northwest Region, which was ceded to Tsarist Russia by the Qing Dynasty.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan inherited part of the disputed region, the Pamirs. However, Tajikistan has a smaller land area of only 140,000 square kilometers, while the disputed area has 280,000 square kilometers.
Thus, after years of negotiations between the parties, Tajikistan finally decided to return about 1,158 square kilometers of land. In September 2011, the dispute was officially closed with a handover ceremony held between the two sides at the new border.
These approaches reflect our firm belief and determination in the peaceful settlement of international disputes, and we will persist in finding solutions through dialogue and negotiation, regardless of the size of the disputed areas.
Our goal is to safeguard territorial integrity and safeguard national interests, and at the same time, we also hope to establish long-term friendly relations with neighboring countries.
Kazakhstan had a territorial dispute with China over the Outer Northwest Region, which was ceded to Tsarist Russia by the Qing Dynasty that year. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan became independent, but believed that these territories were not forcibly occupied by them, but by another country.
Therefore, after independence, Kazakhstan launched consultations with our country on the border issue, and finally returned 10 territories, including the source of the Akhaba River, Xiaersili and Alashankou, with a total area of more than 1,100 square kilometers.
The return of these territories is a manifestation of the spirit of friendship and cooperation between the two countries and proves that it is possible to settle territorial disputes through peaceful consultations.
Russia once invaded and occupied our territory, which was later returned one after another, totaling about 200 square kilometers. The first return of 9 square kilometers was located in the Eastern Siberian region, the second was 5 square kilometers in the Far East, the third was 10 square kilometers on the Sino-Russian border, and the fourth was about 171 square kilometers on the Black Blind Island.
On June 9, 1898, Qing ** and the United Kingdom signed the "Special Clause on the Extension of the Hong Kong Boundary" to lease the New Territories for 99 years. Ended on 30 June 1997.
Before Hong Kong's return to the motherland, China adopted a policy of "one country, two systems" for Hong Kong. After Hong Kong's return to the motherland, China fully resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong in law, but retained Hong Kong's original social system and way of life.
In 1898, the Qing Dynasty and the United Kingdom signed the "Special Article on the Extension of Hong Kong Boundary Site", which totaled 975 of the 230 large and small islands south of the Shenzhen River and north of the boundary street1 square kilometre of land was leased to the United Kingdom for a period of 99 years; After the expiration of the date of 30 June 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty and jurisdiction over Hong Kong, and Hong Kong returned to the embrace of the motherland.
In 1557, the Portuguese landed in Macao and obtained the right to dock at the Macau Pier for **. In 1849, Portugal occupied the Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island.
In 1887, the Qing Dynasty signed the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with the Kingdom of Portugal, confirming that Portugal could be permanently administered in Macao. On December 20, 1999, China formally exercised sovereignty over Macao, and Macao returned to the embrace of the motherland.
Macau, on 13 April 1987, the Joint Declaration was signed between China and Portugal, which clarified that the Macao region (including the Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island) is Chinese territory.
At 0:00 on December 20, 1999, China and Portugal** held a ceremony for the transfer of power at the Macao Cultural Center, marking the formal resumption of China's exercise of sovereignty over Macao and the return of Macao to the motherland.
Summary: The amount of land recovered may not be much, but if China still maintains the weakness of the late Qing Dynasty, Beiyang, and the people, I am afraid that more territory will be lost.
Thankfully, our country is growing stronger, and as it grows in strength, the humiliations of the past will not be repeated.