Calligraphy, as an important part of traditional Chinese culture, has undergone thousands of years of development and has formed a unique artistic style and aesthetic value. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy not only reflects the transformation of the form and writing of Chinese characters, but also reflects the continuous improvement of the artistry of calligraphy.
Judging from the earliest ancient Chinese character materials in China, the oracle bone inscriptions and Jin inscriptions of the middle and late Shang Dynasty, the Chinese characters of this period not only have pictographic characteristics, but also have obvious graphic characteristics. With the passage of time, Chinese characters gradually changed from complex to simplified, and the late Western Zhou Dynasty Jin script tended to be linear, which was an important transmutation of fonts and glyphs. As a result of this change, the pictographic nature of Chinese characters gradually weakened, and more attention was paid to the efficiency of writing and the standardization of characters.
Let's take a look at the masterpieces of calligraphy from different dynasties and different eras (not all)!!
Yin Shang Oracle Bone Inscription - Sacrificial Hunting Tu Zhu Niu Bone Inscription The oracle bone inscription was first discovered by people in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and it was a text engraved on the animal or tortoise shell by people in the Yin Shang period, and it was originally used for divination and sacrifice. Before its value was discovered, it had no cultural value, it was known as keel, and it was a traditional Chinese medicine that could weaken and bruise.
Yin Shang Oracle Bone Inscription II in 1899 by chance, a person named Wang Yi found, maybe he was unwell and wanted to buy some home to make up, before the pot saw a slight notch on it, like a certain character, after the research found that it is the ancient Chinese script. Because it was written on the turtle bone, it was named oracle bone inscription.
Yin Shang Tadpole Text
By the time of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, people had already skillfully made all kinds of utensils, and gradually changed the text from the turtle bone to the utensils, which was the time when bronze ware was popular. There have always been people on the Internet saying that it was their iron refining technology that was introduced, and we were able to develop agriculture, I laughed to death, haven't you heard of bronze before that?
Western Zhou Mao Gongding inscription
Western Zhou Sanshi plate
Spring and Autumn Zizhong Jiang Panming
Qin "Mount Tai carved stone" Li Si
Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land Qin Jian, Hubei Provincial Museum From here, calligraphy ushered in a real sense of great development and began to lay the law. Qin Xiang Li Si can be called the first recorded calligrapher in the history of calligraphy. It is also from here that words are not just words, it can also be art.
Song of the Western Han Dynasty (1) After this, the characters were called Chinese characters. A different type of font followed, giving calligraphy more artistic expression.
Song of the Western Han Dynasty (2).
Eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Qian Monument.
Eastern Han Dynasty Xianyu Huang Monument.
Eastern Han Dynasty Cao Quan Monument.
Han "Yuan An Monument".
Han Shrine Sangong Mountain Monument.
Han Kong Zhou Monument.
During the period when Han-Zhangzhi Qiuliangti was finalized in Hanli, then Xingshu and cursive script also came into being. Therefore, the regular script is not preceded by the grass, so the regular script can also be put first.
Western Jin Dynasty - Suo Jing Yueyi Chapter.
Three Kingdoms - Zhong Xuan Xuan Kaishu was born, and his creator should be Zhong Xuan, who created a new font from Lishu - Kaishu. (Here's my personal opinion).
Three Kingdoms - Dunshou Prefecture Folk Post.
Three Kingdoms: Emperor Elephant Wenwu Post.
The Three Kingdoms: The Emperor is in a hurry.
Three Kingdoms Wu Gu Lang Monument (National Atlas Collection).
Western Jin Dynasty Lu Ji "Pingfu Post".
Eastern Jin Dynasty Baozi.
Mrs. Wei of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Mrs. Wei is the teacher of Wang Xizhi, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is the most prosperous period in the history of calligraphy, the two fathers and sons are called the two saints of calligraphy by later generations, because the surname is Wang, yes, the two kings are talking about them. The style of writing has influenced to this day.
Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Xizhi "Orchid Pavilion Preface" Feng Chengsu copy.
Eastern Jin Dynasty - Wang Xizhi's chapter grass "Leopard Slave Post".
Eastern Jin Dynasty Xie An Zhonglang Ti.
Eastern Jin Dynasty - Wang Xianzhi regular script "Luo Shen Fu".
Jin-Wang Xun "Boyuan Post".
Southern Dynasty Tao Hongjing Crane Ming (Water Front Ben).
Nanqi Wang Shengqian "Long Live Tongtian Post".
Sui out of the teacher's ode.
Sui Dong Meiren Epitaph During the Sui and Tang dynasties, calligraphy was connected from the previous to the next, integrating the calligraphy style of the Wei and Jin dynasties, and the five-body calligraphy was fully developed in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. Among them, this regular script department that came to the top produced the most, so that the four regular script masters became the method of entry for latecomers.
Sui Zhiyong, thousand-character essay.
Tang Ouyang Xun "Ji Ying Post".
Tang Xu Hao is not empty monk monument.
Tang Yu Shinan Princess Runan.
Tang Yan Zhenqing, "Manuscript for the Sacrifice of Nephews".
Tang Huaisu's "Self-Narrative Post".
Tang Yan Zhenqing, "Yan Qinli Monument".
Tang Liu Gongquan, "Cursive Meng's Edict".
Tang Liu Gongquan's "Mysterious Tower Tablet".
Tang Li Yangbing, "Small Seal City God's Temple Tablet".
Tang Sun Guoting, "Book Pedigree" (detail).
Tang Li Shimin, "Hot Spring Ming" (detail).
Tang Wu Zetian "Ascending Immortal Prince Tablet" (tablet).
Tang Xue Ji Xinxing Zen Master Monument.
Tang Yan Zhenqing Tang Yan Zhenqing "Liu Zhong Envoy Post".
Tang Chu Suiliang, "The Holy Order of the Wild Goose Pagoda" (detail).
Tang Lu Cambodia's "Wenfu" (detail).
Tang Li Bai "On the Balcony Post".
Tang He Zhizhang "Cursive Filial Piety Sutra" (detail).
Tang Zhang Xu, four ancient poems (detail).
Tang Zhong Shaojing Lingfei Jing.
Tang Li Yong Yunlu General Monument.
Tang Li Longji Ode to the Wagtail.
Tang Dumu, "Zhang Haohao's Poems".
Five Dynasties Yang Ningshi "Leek Flower Post" Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, a very chaotic dynasty. Calligraphy ushered in the first decline, and there were not many calligraphers, and in the early Song Dynasty, calligraphy was inherited from the Tang Dynasty.
Five generations of Xu Xuan "Today There is a Private Sincere Post".
Detail of Yang Ning's "Leek Flower Post".
In the heyday of the calligraphy history of Su Shi's "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty created a style of calligraphy that advocated freehand and was represented by leading figuresCai Xiang, Su Dongpo, Mi Fu, Huang Tingjian four calligraphy masters, known as the "Song Four".They broke through the shackles of the Tang Dynasty and pursued the style of calligraphy with personal interest, and their calligraphy had its own style of style. The style of Shangyi has had a profound impact on later generations. In addition to the four great masters who were admired by later generations in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Ji of Song Huizong was unique and could also be called Tao.
Northern Song Dynasty Su Shi "Second Debate Talent Rhyme Poems".
Northern Song Dynasty "Su Shi Taixu Poems".
Northern Song Dynasty Huang Tingjian "Songfeng Pavilion".
Northern Song Dynasty Huang Tingjian, "Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu
Northern Song Dynasty Huang Tingjian "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems".
Northern Song Dynasty Mi Fu "Shu Su Ti".
Northern Song Dynasty Mi Fu "Grain Yard Post".
Northern Song Dynasty Cai Xiang "Hongxian Post".
Northern Song Dynasty Cai Xiang "Leaving the Capital".
Song Wu Ju "Urgent Post".
Song Lu Youba, "Northern Qi School Book Map".
Song Lu Youba, "Northern Qi School Book Map".
Southern Song Dynasty Zhao Ji "I Want to Borrow Wind and Frost Two Poems".
Southern Song Dynasty Zhao Ji "Leap Mid-Autumn Moon".
Southern Song Dynasty Zhao Ji "Qin Fang Poems".
Southern Song Dynasty Zhao Ji "Cursive Thousand Character Text" (detail).
Song Li Jianzhong, "Mother of the Earth".
Northern Song Dynasty Fan Zhongyan.
Northern Song Dynasty Wang Anshi Lengyan Sutra Decree Volume.
Northern Song Dynasty Qin Guan "Maha Rim River Tuba".
Xue Shao, Peng Qing and Ti.
Northern Song Dynasty Cai Jing "Festival Husband's Post".
Northern Song Dynasty Lin Kui, Five Poems of the Pine Fan (detail).
Southern Song Dynasty Mi Youren "Movement and Holding Blessings".
Southern Song Dynasty Wen Tianxiang "Shanghong Zhai Post".
Southern Song Dynasty Wen Tianxiang Xie Changyuan Motto Self-Warning Resignation Volume.
Southern Song Dynasty Lu You "Huai Chengdu Poems".
Southern Song Dynasty Fan Chengda "Snow Clear Post".
Southern Song Dynasty Xin abandoned the disease and went to the country.
Southern Song Dynasty Zhang Jizhi talked about Lao's poems.
Liaojin Shen Liao.
Yuan Zhao Mengfu "Autumn Deep Post" (partial) The economic development of the early Yuan Dynasty was not big (if I want to say that the entire Yuan Dynasty economy is not good), the general situation of calligraphy is to advocate retro, chasing the Jin and Tang dynasties, the patriarchal Jin and Tang and less innovation, and pay attention to the knotted font. And it was my Tian Shen Zhao who proposed retro, who became the leader of the art world at that time.
Zhao Mengfu, "Xingshu Two Praises and Two Poems" (detail).
Yuan Deng Wenyuan After the rain of Bawang Xi.
Yuan Ni Zhan light room poems.
Yuan Yang Weizhen, "Chengnan Singing and Poems".
Yuan Xian Yushu "Song of General Du Shiwei".
Yuan Kang Li Kui Kui "Shu Zhang Xu Brushwork Volume" (detail).
Ming Zhu Yunming "Before and After Chibi Fu" (detail) The Three Families of Wumen: Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming and Wang Chong got rid of the disadvantages of the Taige style and formed a unique style with a wide influence. The Taige style in calligraphy is similar to the "Bagu Wen" in the imperial examination, which was the official calligraphy style at that time.
Ming Song Lian Wang Xi "Yanjiang Stacked Peaks and Maps".
Ming Tang Yin, "Falling Flower Poems".
Ming Tang Yin, "Self-Poems".
Ming Zhu Yuanzhang "The Great Army Post".
Ming Zhang Ruitu, "Cursive Thousand Character Text" (detail).
Ming Wang pet Xiaokai "Seven Articles in the Nanhua True Scripture".
Ming Huang Daozhou, "Filial Piety and Respect" (detail).
Ming Wang Duo "Gift Zhang Baoyi Cursive Poetry Scroll".
Ming Dong Qichang, Cursive Codex
Clearly explain the cursive fan.
Ming Wu Chengen, "Fan Face Seven Words Rhythm Poem".
Ming Mi Wan Zhong "Cursive Fan Surface".
Ming Ni Yuanlu, "Walking Book Ruler".
Ming Chen Hongshou "Walking Grass Ruler".
Ming Yu Qian title Gongzhong Tower ** Hui Ming.
Ming Wang Shouren "Tongling View of Iron Boat Song".
Ming Xie Jin's "Self-written Poems".
Qing Fu Shan, "Cursive Seven Words Poetry Axis".
Qing Cha Shibiao "Xingshu Sends Friends to Poetry Fan" The Qing Dynasty book style is roughly divided into two factions: those who study the post and those who learn the tablet. Tixue inherited the calligraphy tradition since the Jin and Tang dynasties, and was dominated by Zhong Wangyan and Zhao Dong. The retro of Qing Dynasty calligraphy can be said to be a sharp return, due to the gold and stone unearthed more and more, the scholar is keen on the gold and stone research,The study of stele is to draw on the style of calligraphy of Zhong Ding, Qin Seal, Han Li and the stone carvings of the Six Dynasties。Famous calligraphers such as Jin Nong, Deng Shiru, Wu Changshuo, Kang Youwei, etc.
Qing Deng Shiru "Lishu on the Book of Vertical Scrolls".
Qing He Shaoji Xingshu Tao Yuanming poems three screens.
Qing Kangxi, "Cursive Eight Words Couplet".
Qing Yongzheng "Xingshu Summer Boating Axis".
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty "Yushu Hong Zhikui Spring and Autumn Period Says on Concealing Public Fraud".
Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty.
Qing Bada Shanren "Xingshu Inscription Poems".
Qing Pu Songling, "Liao Zhai Poems" (detail).
Qing Jinnong, "Lacquer Book Draws Ancient Places and Four Words Couplet".
Qing Zheng Banqiao, "Xingshu on the Book Vertical Axis".
Qing Yi Bingshou.
Lin Zexu. Qing Liu Yong, "On the Book Axis".
Qing Zhao Zhiqian, "Han Song Sui Wenli Shulian".
Qing Zhang Yuzhao "Six Words Couplet".
Qing Kang Youwei "Xingshu Couplet".
Qing Weng Tongyi's "Five Words of the Crane and the Hanging Pole of the Calligraphy".
Qing Wu Changshuo.
Qing Shen Zengzhi.
Master Qing Hongyi.
* Sun Yat-sen.
* Yuan Shikai.
Yu Youren. Chiang Kai-shek.
Lu Xun. Qi Baishi.
Guo Moruo. Lu Weizhao.
Shen Yinmo. Xu Beihong.
Lin Sanzhi. Sha Menghai.
Wang Yuchang. Xu Shengweng.
He Xiangning. Li Ruiqing.
Feng Zikai. White bananas.
Shu Tong. Qi Gong.
Shen Peng. Sun BoxiangWith the development of the Han folk grass seal to the ancient lily in the Warring States Period, the way of writing Chinese characters has undergone great changes. The emergence of Guli has greatly improved the writing efficiency of Chinese characters, and has also laid the foundation for the evolution of later regular script, line script, cursive script and other scripts. In this process, the artistry of calligraphy has also been greatly enriched and improved.
In the process of the evolution of Chinese calligraphy, the artistry of calligraphy has gradually become the focus of attention. From the initial practical writing to the later artistic creation, the expression and aesthetic value of calligraphy have changed dramatically. Especially in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and other periods, the art of calligraphy reached its peak, and many outstanding calligraphers and works emerged. These works are not only of high artistic value, but also provide us with an important way to understand the society, culture and ideas of the time.
Calligraphy has never evolved because of a single person, and writing was never created by a single person. Therefore, the emergence and evolution of calligraphy came into being, and it is necessary not to say anything about abandoning tradition, but to open up to the public. It is still the same sentence, calligraphy should be popularized, but it is not to abandon the law, but to popularize the culture of calligraphy among the public.
In modern society, with the continuous development of digital technology, people's understanding and demand for calligraphy are also changing. Digital technology provides new opportunities and challenges for the development of calligraphy. On the one hand, the use of digital technology makes it easier for us to preserve, disseminate and appreciate calligraphy works. On the other hand, the popularization of digital technology has also made it possible for more people to learn and create calligraphy, thus further promoting the development of the art of calligraphy.
Declaration:The above ** are all from the Internet, if there is any inadvertent infringement, please contact to delete.