Everyone has a 35% chance of developing cancer in their lifetime.
On average, seven people are diagnosed with cancer every minute in our country.
After reading these data, do you feel that your heart is cold? However, there is no need to talk about cancer discolorationNow, through some "cancer prevention tests", you can detect certain cancers as early as possible and carry out them in time**.
Some people may have questions:
How do I know if I need a "cancer test"?
How do I choose the right test for me?
The physical examination is normal every year, why is the terminal cancer still detected?
Don't worry, I'm going to talk about these issues in detail today. Let's take a look first:
Do you need a cancer check-up?
If you have these risk factors, it is recommended:Do it 1 2 times a yearCancer Prevention:
1. Age factor
People over 40 years old (some cancers are recommended to be screened from around the age of 20, which will be discussed in more detail below).
2. Have a family history of cancer
It usually includes a history of malignancy in an immediate or collateral relative within three generations.
3. Have bad living habits
Long-term heavy smoking, long-term alcoholism, drug abuse, long-term overwork, severe malnutrition, high-fat diet, picky eating, etc.
4. Precancerous lesions
Such as intestinal metaplasia, atypical hyperplasia, etc.
5. Long-term residence in areas with a high incidence of cancer
6. Frequent exposure to carcinogens
Radioactive substances, chemical substances, and polluting substances from factories and mines.
In addition to the above risk factors, if you usually have the following symptoms, you should also be careful that it is cancer "patronizing"! Be sure to seek medical attention promptly:
*, palpable or long-term swelling of the breast, tongue or any part of the body;
Significant changes in warts or moles;
Inexplicable persistent weight loss;
fever and ulcers that do not heal for a long time;
Long-term hoarseness of the throat, dry cough, chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath, etc.
After talking about the risk factors for cancer, the next step is the main event:
How to choose the right cancer screening for you?
The number one risk factor for the onset of cancer is "age", so it is recommended:According to age, refer to the risk factors for each type of cancerto determine what you need to be screened for.
However, there are about 200 types of cancer, and it is impossible to prevent all of them. Therefore, Xiaowei suggests that everyone focus on the 8 cancers with the highest incidence in China, namely:Lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer. (In particular, the first 6 species account for 80% of all cancer incidence and mortality in our country).
High-risk groups and screening methods for the 8 major cancers can be controlled
Lung cancer
High-risk groups:
Age over 50 with one of the following risk factors:
1. Smoked for 20 years, including those who have smoked but quit smoking for less than 15 years.
2. Passive smokers (more than 20 years, basically daily contact).
3. Those with a history of occupational exposure to asbestos, beryllium, uranium, radon, etc.
4. Have a family history of malignant tumor or lung cancer.
5. Have a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic pulmonary fibrosis.
How to screen:
1 low-dose spiral CT of the chest once a year
Breast cancer (female).
High-risk groups:
40-69-year-old female.
Nulliparous, late (first child after the age of 35), or not breastfeeding.
Postmenopausal obesity.
Long-term mental depression and depression.
Early onset of menstrual periods (less than 12 years of age) or late menopause (later than 55 years).
A lump in the breast or discharge from the nipple.
People who take estrogen replacement** and those who take oral contraceptives for a long time.
Has a history of breast surgery.
Have a family history of breast cancer.
Patients with a history of moderate to severe dysplasia of the mammary ducts or lobules, and previous mammography of dense breasts.
How to screen:
1. It is recommended that all women start at the age of 30 and have a breast ultrasound examination once a year.
For women over the age of age, breast ultrasound + mammography should be done once a year.
Liver cancer
High-risk groups:
40 69 years old.
Hepatitis B and C are current or carriers.
People with cirrhosis.
Patients with alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver disease.
How to screen:
Abdominal ultrasound, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are performed once a year.
Esophageal cancer
High-risk groups:
Age over 40 years.
It comes from the high-incidence area of esophageal cancer (the central region of China, including the Taihang Mountains in parts of Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces).
Upper gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., long-term nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acid reflux, eating discomfort, etc.).
Have a family history of esophageal cancer.
Those with precancerous or precancerous changes of the esophagus.
Other risk factors: smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, long-term consumption of too hot and hard food, etc.
How to screen:
Gastroscopy once a year, if gastroscopy is not suitable, it can be replaced with upper gastrointestinal barium angiography.
Stomach cancer
High-risk groups:
40 69 years old.
Those who like to eat high-salt, pickled, and smoked foods.
History of chronic smoking and/or chronic alcohol consumption.
People with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
Patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gastric polyps, atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and reflux esophagitis.
Those with a family history of gastric cancer.
People with anemia of unknown cause.
Those who are positive for fecal occult blood.
How to screen:
1 gastroscopy + Helicobacter pylori test once a year, and biopsy if necessary
Colorectal cancer
High-risk groups:
40 69 years old.
People with poor dietary habits (long-term fat meal or red meat intake).
Those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
People with chronic colitis.
Those who suffer from colon polyps.
Those who are positive for fecal occult blood.
How to screen:
Colonoscopy is performed once a year, and fecal occult blood test or digital rectal examination is required at least if colonoscopy is contraindicated.
If there is a history of polyps or family history, the reexamination will be increased according to the actual situation).
Cervical cancer (female).
High-risk groups:
Those who have sexual activity too early (before the age of 16).
Those who have more than one sexual partner or their spouse.
Women with multiple pregnancies and preterm births.
Women who smoke, take drugs, or are malnourished.
Women with cervical lesions (long-term chronic cervicitis, cervical precancerous lesions, etc.).
Immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-positive, organ transplant patients, chemotherapy patients.
Women who have had or are suffering from genital HPV, herpes simplex virus, HIV infection, or other sexually transmitted diseases.
How to screen:
Sexually active women are recommended to have 1 test** per year, including cervical TCT and HPV testing.
Prostate cancer (male).
High-risk groups:
Men over 50 years of age.
Men older than 45 years with a family history of prostate cancer.
Males >40 years of age with baseline PSA (prostate-specific antigen) > 1 g L.
How to screen:
Prostate ultrasound + serum PSA test once a year
Note: The above items are for reference only, it is recommended to determine the specific items under the guidance of a doctor based on the actual situation of the individual.
fell into these 3 misunderstandings,
Cancer tests may be "ineffective"!
1. If the routine physical examination is normal, you will not suffer from cancer
Truth:Routine physical examination ≠ cancer prevention physical examination. Most of the routine physical examinations are for common diseases, and the examination techniques and instruments are relatively simple, usually excluding tumor examinations.
A single physical examination can detect all cancers
Truth:It only takes 2 to 3 years to progress from early-stage cancer to mid-to-advanced cancer, and some cancers develop faster. Therefore, cancer prevention physical examination is not a one-time check-up, and regular screening should be carried out according to individual conditions.
A high marker of a hematologic tumor is cancerous
Truth:In addition to cancer patients, some benign diseases and some healthy people may also have elevated tumor markers. Therefore, after the abnormality is found, further investigation and long-term follow-up are recommended.
After reading the article, do you have a good idea of "whether to do cancer prevention examination" and "how to do cancer prevention examination"? At present, the rate of early-stage cancer is very high, so as long as it is detected in time, we will never "talk about cancer discoloration" again!
If you have any other questions about the physical examination, or if you have anything you want to know about the physical examination, please leave a message in the comment area