Molecular distillation instrumentShort-range molecular distillation instrumentIt is an efficient separation technology, and its working principle is mainly based on the difference in the free path of molecular motion. When a liquid is heated, the molecules gain energy, which produces vibrations and rotations. At a certain temperature, the molecules in the liquid have a certain average kinetic energy, which enables the molecules to overcome the attractive force in the liquid and escape from the liquid surface to form a gas phase. When the gas-phase molecules meet the surface of the condenser, they lose some of their energy and thus re-condense into droplets. Since different substances have different free paths of molecular motion, they behave differently during evaporation and condensation. 
Specifically, the principle of a short-range molecular distillation instrument can be divided into the following steps:
1.Heating: The mixture is heated close to its lowest boiling point, allowing the components to begin to evaporate.
2.Evaporation and condensation: The evaporated component gases enter the condenser through an outlet in the upper part of the distillation column, where the cooling medium (usually cold water) cools the vapor and converts it into a liquid.
3.Separation: Due to the different free paths of molecular motion of the different components, their behavior will be different during evaporation and condensation, so as to achieve the separation of materials. Light molecules are more likely to evaporate and condense at lower temperatures, whereas heavy molecules are more difficult to evaporate and condense.
4.Collection: The different components in the mixture can be gradually separated out by constantly heating the mixture and collecting the condensate.
The short range molecular distillation instrument has very short columns, typically only a few centimeters long, so that separations can be carried out at lower temperatures, thus avoiding the decomposition and degradation of the components. In addition, it has the advantages of high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy continuous operation. Therefore, it is widely used in high-purity chemicals, medicines, food, spices, and other fields.
In conclusion, short-range molecular distillation instrument is an efficient separation technology that realizes the separation of materials based on the difference in the free path of molecular motion. Through continuous optimization and improvement, it is believed that its application prospects in the future will be broader.