After Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty quelled the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms", he took back the rights of the princely kingdoms, so that the princely states had no military strength to compete with the imperial court.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to power, he inherited the strategy of cutting the feudal domain with a soft knife and implemented the "Tui'en Order", which divided the large vassal states into smaller vassal states, although this measure further subdivided the vassal states, but could not increase the wealth of the imperial court.
In order to obtain greater wealth, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty successively launched".Deer coins"Policy, that is, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty requires the princes to hand over the "white deer skin", and this kind of white deer is only available in the "backyard" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the princes are in order to hand it over".Deer coinsI spent tens of thousands of dollars to buy it from the "Son of Heaven Garden".
But this measure was not large-scale, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty remembered the "".The golden rule
"酎" is a kind of alcohol wine in ancient China, used as a temple sacrifice, "Hanshu" contains; “Alcohol, triple brewing, mellow wine also, thick taste, so to recommend the temple
This "drunk" liquor is made in the first month of the year and is made in August, just in time for the sacrifice of the emperor in the moon. The sacrificial system of the Han Dynasty stipulated that the ancestors were sacrificed in the temple in August every year, and the princes, kings, and princes must offer gold to help the sacrificesDrunken
Regarding how much gold should be paid by each prince, there are regulations in the "Law of Alcohol" in the Western Han Dynasty; "The emperor is fasting, the relatives and ministers inherit the ancestral temple, and the ministers should be invited. Princes and princesWith the number of people, the rate of thousands of people is four taels of gold, odd less than 1,000 to 500 mouthsFour taels, all will be drunk, and less will be accepted. And the Great Honglu eats the nine truths, Jiaolu, Yulin, and Rinan, and uses rhino horns more than nine inches long if the armor is one, and Yulin uses ivory more than three feet long if the jade is twenty each, which is allowed to be used as gold. ”
From the above, it can be seen; First, the gold offered by the princes and princes was personally received by the emperor, and the Shaofu was responsible for inspecting the weight and fineness of the gold; Second, the standard for the amount of gold is 500 taels per 1,000 people or less than 1,000 people but 500 people, and it is necessary to pay **4 taels (because the minimum number of households in the Western Han Dynasty is 500 households); Third, remote areas can be replaced by other items**, such as Jiuzhen, Jiaoluan, Rinan, Yulin and other places.
Hanshu Food and Goods Chronicles".A pound is worth 10,000 dollars"Then four taels ** is equivalent to 2,500 money, according to Chao Cuo's estimation of the average family of five per household at that time, then the population under the jurisdiction of the marquis should be between 150,000 and 200,000, "thousands of people pay four taels" of gold, and each marquis should pay between 60 and 80 catties. This income was not much for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but it was really not something that could be taken out casually for the princes.
In addition, there is the supplementary law of the "Golden Rule"; "The prince is the marquis, and the marquis is in the Han temple with a household registration, and the emperor is about to receive a sacrifice of money. On the day of the Great Festival, drink and receive gold. Jin Shao is not as good as two catties, lustful, Wang Cut County, Hou Fuguo
One of the most important of these is; If the ** handed in is insufficient, or the fineness is not enough, by".Wang cut the county, Hou exempted the country”。As for how to judge the quality, it is up to the emperor and the Shaofu to decide.
Obviously, this was a means of reducing the power of the princes and increasing the monarch's small coffers.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (156 BC, 87 BC) did not use the "gold system" to reduce the feudal domain in the first 30 years, firstly, because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had enough money for him to consume in the early stage; The second reason is that the Tui En Decree has just been implemented, and it is not appropriate to stimulate the princes too much. Until the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (112 BC).
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty rebelled against the imperial court in the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty of the Southern Guangdong Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was forced to send troops to attack Panyu (Guangzhou) in several ways.
It just so happened that Qi Xiangbu wrote in the book: ".The minister heard that the lord was worried about the humiliation of the minister, and the minister was anti, and the minister wished that the father and son would die with those who studied the boat together”。Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy that someone was willing to fight Nanyue "at his own expense", in order to call on the princes to contribute money and help to support the operation.
So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made Bu Shi a typical character, and issued an edict: "Although the style is ploughing and herding, it is not profitable, and there is more than enough to help the county officialsGive the marquis of Guannei, sixty catties of gold, and ten acres of land
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an edict of praise, aiming to call on the world to support the war against Guangdong, but".Announce the world, and the world should not ,......Don't ask for the army to attack Qiangyue
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very dissatisfied, and felt that Tui En Tui En had launched so many princes, and none of them were worried about the monarch, since no one was willing to share the worries for the monarch, then they would simply cut it all.
So there are many records in the Book of Han: ".(Yuan Ding five years) In September, the marquis sat on the ** sacrifice temple is not as good as the law to seize the lord of one hundred and six people, Prime Minister Zhao Zhou was imprisoned and died
Since September of the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (112 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty invoked the "Golden Rule" of "Wang Cut County, Marquis Exempted from Justice", and immediately dismissed 106 liehous from their titles on the grounds that the gold offered by the liehous was "not as good as the law", creating the famous "Jujin Case" in history.
Among these 106 people, in addition to the Taohou and Pinggao Marquis mentioned before, there are also Wei Yan, Wei Budo and Wei Deng, the sons of the general Wei Qing, all of whom are sitting on the gold and losing the marquis.
To quote the statistics of posterity, ".At the time of filial piety, although the marquis was numerous, the rate was not to turn and seize the land. Fang Qi's foreign affairs are four yi, then the system of the high emperor is not meritorious, so there are 75 meritorious marquis, but the end of the emperor's life has been 68 people, and the seven people who can protect it. and the external princes, then Jia Yi was divided by his ancestors, so there were 175 princes and marquises, but the end of the emperor's life has 113 marquis, and 57 people can be protected; There are nine relatives who have favored the marquis, but there are six people who have lost the marquis in the world of the final emperor, and there are only three people who can protect them.
Around the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the number of meritorious marquis, prince marquis, and relatives of Enze Marquis had reached 187, accounting for 72% of the total number of princes at that time.
It can be seen that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty cut the means of the domain.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the vassal states of the Western Han Dynasty were basically wiped out, and only the unworthy Hou States remained. And then there is the Marquis of Guannei, who has not been sealed.
At this point, the "civil bureaucratic system" established by Qin Shi Huang completely replaced the "sub-feudal system".