In December 1929, Gutian Town, Shanghang County, Fujian Province, which was originally remote and lonely, was lively and full of people, and the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army was held here.
After enthusiastic and intense discussions, the meeting produced the famous resolution of the Gutian Conference, which solved the historical problem of building the party and the army of the Communist Party of China in a special period, and had a far-reaching impact on the Chinese revolution.
More importantly, the Gutian Conference was successfully convened, which resolved the "Vermilion Dispute" that had been widely circulated within the Fourth Army of the Red Army, eliminated differences of opinion, and enhanced the ideological understanding of all commanders and fighters.
After more than 90 years of passing a finger, what kind of situation was the internal controversy of the Red Fourth Army before the Gutian Conference? What are the profound implications for us today?
In the spring and summer of 1929, a serious controversy broke out within the Red Fourth Army, known in history as the "Vermilion Controversy".
In November 1928, according to the instructions of the Communist Party of China on June 4 of the same year, the Committee for the Unified Leadership of the Jinggangshan Base Area and the Former Enemies of the Red Fourth Army was established, and the Military Commission of the Red Fourth Army was established, which was designated by the first secretary of the Communist Party of China.
At the beginning of February 1929, in the course of the Red Fourth Army's march into southern Jiangxi and western Fujian, in view of the march and the military emergency, the leadership level was reduced, and it was suggested that the Military Commission temporarily suspend its office and concentrate all power on the front committee, which would directly lead the party committees at all levels of the army.
The reason why the Central Military Commission was abolished and power was concentrated in the former enemy committee was because he felt that the Red Fourth Army was being pursued by the Kuomintang army, and the Red Fourth Army could no longer discuss and report on anything as it had done in the past.
Therefore, it was decided to cancel the Military Commission with ** as the secretary, and ** had no opinion on this, and ** also agreed.
In February 1929, the CCP sent a letter to the Red Fourth Army to disperse its actions and strictly ordered it to go to Shanghai to "study".
This letter caused confusion within the Red Fourth Army, **unwilling to go to Shanghai, strongly advised** not to go to the Red Fourth Army, and the whole army was even more reluctant to go to Shanghai with two leaders.
**Write a letter criticizing the **decision** for this.
* Later, this matter was not mentioned again, and Comrade Liu Angong was appointed to serve in the Red Fourth Army. Liu Angong and ** are both Sichuan villagers, and the two have studied in Germany and have a good relationship. At this time, he went to serve in the Red Fourth Army, which undoubtedly represents the attitude of the CCP.
Out of respect for the qualifications and experience of Comrade Liu Angong within the Red Fourth Army and with the consent of Comrade Liu Angong, it was decided to establish a Provisional Military Commission and let Liu Angong serve as secretary of the Provisional Military Commission and director of the Political Department of the Red Fourth Army.
Liu Angong's idea is contrary to ***, he does not agree to abolish the Military Commission of the Red Fourth Army and attribute all power to the former committee (** is consistent with Liu Angong's idea).
At the end of May 1929, Liu Angong took the lead in attacking the Red Fourth Army at the enlarged meeting of the Front Committee of the Red Fourth Army in Hulei Town, Yongding County.
Liu Angong believes: The reason for insisting on abolishing the Central Military Commission is to be a "big patriarch" and take care of the work of the party departments at the upper and lower levels and replace the work of the masses.
** Having suffered an unjustified injustice, it is natural to make every effort to defend oneself and explain the true intention of abolishing the Military Commission.
In all fairness, ** and Liu Angong included**, neither side of the argument was a self-interested person, but only a pursuit of truth to realize the necessary conditions for the realization of their political and military claims.
On June 8, 1929, an enlarged meeting of the former committee was held in Baisha to discuss whether the Red Fourth Army should have a provisional military commission and whether to restore a formal military commission.
The result of the vote was that the 41 participants in the enlarged meeting of the former committee voted by an overwhelming majority of 36 votes to 5 to abolish the provisional military commission.
The fundamental issue of the controversy has not yet been resolved, and the obvious differences between the "vermilion Mao" on this matter, which has always been tacit, have brought the atmosphere of the meeting to a low ebb. It's obviously the height of summer, why do comrades feel a little chilly?
Grassroots soldiers have heard some gossip and are also talking about it in private.
On June 14, 1929, ** wrote a long article at the request of the former committee, summarizing the content of the intra-party controversy in the Red Fourth Army into 14 issues and analyzing them in detail one by one.
At the end of the article, it is pointed out sharply: Personal leadership and party leadership are the main issues of the party of the Red Fourth Army, and they are also the struggle between personal leadership and party leadership.
This long article reveals the grievances that *** has exhausted and exhausted.
On the 15th, ** also wrote a long article, the content of which is roughly the same as ***'s article, but the views are contrary.
* Advocate the implementation of "bottom-up" democratic centralism and oppose the "top-down" paternalism.
In fact, the most objectionable thing is not the centralization of power in the former committee, but the centralization of power in the former party secretary.
Seeing such an argument, Comrade ** was very uncomfortable, and he sincerely said to everyone: "This kind of argument is not good, it affects unity, everyone has come down from Jinggang Mountain, and we must unite together." Zhu Mao Zhu Mao, Zhu does not leave Mao, Mao does not leave Zhu. If Zhu Zhi doesn't exist, Mao will be attached? ”
However, when people are in disputes, their emotions will be wise, and they often do not agree with the correct views of the other party and insist on their own opinions.
At that time, *** and ** all fell into such a dead end.
Immediately after the Red Fourth Army held the "Seventh National Congress", * and ** were criticized respectively, and Liu Angong, ** and others also criticized. **Dissatisfied with the criticism of the "Seventh National Congress", ** was also unconvinced, both of them believed that the "Seventh National Congress" did not judge right and wrong from the height of the political line.
On July 9, 1929, the former secretary of the party committee wrote a "Report on the Situation in Western Fujian and the Work Plan of the Front Committee" to **, and sent the "Seventh National Congress" resolution and intra-party disputes with the report.
***, whose mood has fallen to the bottom, applied to go to Moscow to study and rest for a period of time.
After that, he did not go to Moscow, and left Longyan, Fujian with Jiang Hua, He Zizhen and others, and traveled to Sujiapo and Dayangba, which was more than four months.
With the smooth convening of the Gutian Conference, the dust of the "Vermilion Dispute" has settled. When the last winter of the 20s of the 20th century was about to pass, the heat of revolution shone on everyone in the Red Fourth Army.
Ideological building of the party and political building of the army" was the core idea of the great creation produced by the Gutian Conference, which established a firm foundation for the future struggle of the Red Army and even our party.
Looking back, let's talk about the "Vermilion Controversy" that broke out more than 90 years ago, what are the profound inspirations for future generations?
First of all, in this controversy, Liu Angong's starting point is different, and it cannot be simply and arbitrarily said that these views are good or bad.
Many histories fully show that the successful rendezvous in Jinggangshan at the end of April 1928 closely combined the destinies of each other.
As for the future politics and army building line, ** and *** have had differences for a period of time.
* Believing that the Party is the supreme principle of controlling everything, and that the central role should be played through the proletarian organization; The party should not take over the party, and it is not the leading role of the opposition party.
**With the advanced strategic vision of great politicians and revolutionaries, he believes that special affairs should be done on a special basis. When the Red Fourth Army encounters an emergency, there is no need to report it at all levels, because that will delay the fighters and have a major impact on the troops.
As a result, the two broke out into arguments over different lines such as politics and army building.
Later, *** also admitted that their working methods and attitudes at that time were wrong, so the essence of the "Zhu Mao Dispute" was the debate between democratic centralism and centralization.
It has an important position in the history of China and has a direct impact on the later history of the Party and the national history of the People's Republic of China.
To put it bluntly, democratic centralism means that when something happens, everyone should pool their wisdom and efforts, and do not engage in the words of cadres and leaders.
Centralization means that some leading comrades do not act and ignore the suggestions of other comrades when they are in power, which constitutes many unhealthy tendencies.
The results of the "Zhu Mao Controversy" give important enlightenment to the controversy between the two systems, that is, the practice of democratic centralism under normal circumstances.
In the event of an emergency, it is necessary to make timely changes according to the situation.
As the saying goes: you can't let your urine suffocate you. Democratic centralism is a correct line in many cases, and there are priorities, and centralization also has its irreplaceable role in some cases.
It's just that there is a balance between these two systems of power.
In a certain sense, the great success of the Gutian Conference, including the "Zhumao Controversy" triggered before, is the crystallization of the positive ideological struggle, highlights the important role of the positive ideological struggle, provides very valuable experience and lessons for future generations, and enriches and deepens the political wisdom of the Chinese. **10,000 Fans Incentive Plan