The high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in winter and spring is often caused by a variety of pathogens, and a variety of common respiratory infectious diseases such as new crown infection, influenza, and chickenpox can be effectively prevented through vaccination.
Covid infection. At present, the XBB series of variants is still the main epidemic strain of the local new crown epidemic, and key groups such as the elderly are more harmful after being infected with the XBB variant, so it is recommended that eligible residents receive the new coronavirus vaccine containing the antigen component of the XBB variant. Other populations should also fill the gap in immunization levels in a timely manner according to the vaccination schedule.
The new coronavirus vaccine containing the antigen component of the XBB variant has arrived in Dalian and has now begun to be vaccinated by the public. Elderly people aged 60 years and older who have completed basic immunization or have been infected with the new coronavirus, or people aged 18-59 with more serious underlying diseases, immunocompromised people, or high-risk people can receive 1 dose of vaccine containing the antigen component of the XBB variant 3-6 months after the most recent vaccination or 6 months after the most recent infection (if both conditions occur, whichever is the most recent).
Influenza. The influenza epidemic period in our city is from October to March of the following year. The main influenza strains circulating in our city this winter are H3N2 and B(B) virus BV strains, and this year's trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccine components contain the above components, and influenza vaccination is an effective means to prevent influenza and reduce related severe disease and death.
Influenza vaccine can be given throughout the influenza season, trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated vaccine can be given to people aged 6 months, and live attenuated trivalent vaccine is also available for people aged 3-17 years.
Chickenpox. Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus"Meet and pass"About 90% of susceptible children are contagious after exposure to a sick person, and adults are also affected. Outbreaks are more likely to occur in places where people gather, such as childcare institutions and schools. Chickenpox has a long incubation period and a long course of illness, and children and adolescents need to isolate until the herpes is completely crusted over and not contagious before returning to school, a process that usually lasts about 10 days.
Vaccination against chickenpox is the most effective means of preventing and controlling chickenpox. Since 2017, our province has implemented a two-dose varicella vaccination policy, and children aged 12 months to 12 years are recommended to receive the first dose at the age of 12-18 months, and the second dose at the age of 3-4 years, with an interval of not less than three months. For adolescents and adults over 13 years of age, the interval between doses should be at least 4-8 weeks.
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is generally infected through the trachea and bronchial to the lung tissue, causing infection, and children have weak immunity and are easily invaded by pneumococcus. Elderly people over the age of 60 are very susceptible to infection when stimulated by cold air due to many underlying diseases, degeneration of tissues and organs, atrophy of respiratory mucosa, and low immunity. After pneumonia in children and the elderly, the condition is complex, progresses rapidly, and has many complications.
Pneumococcal vaccination is the most economical and effective means of active defense against pneumococcal disease. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination population is people over 2 years old, especially the elderly over 60 years old, and patients with chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, tumors, etc.), if there are no contraindications, it is recommended to be vaccinated as soon as possible. 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine is given to children aged 6 weeks to 5 years.
Peninsula Morning News, 39 Degrees ** Chief Reporter Huang Fengtong.