Introduction
Camus's Statement is one of the "Western Scholars Series" series, the compiler carefully selected the chapters that can best reflect Camus's literary and philosophical ideas from many of his works, and arranged the book according to the nine parts that he wants to use literature to express philosophical thoughts, the sunshine of the Mediterranean, happiness and love, how people become absurd and become absurd, people wandering in loneliness, resistance and rebellion, from resistance to freedom, absurd death, and what is real art and artist. Camus's life and philosophy.
Table of Contents
Preface. First, I want to use literature to express philosophical thoughts.
1.Poor families.
2.My mom and my dad who never met.
3.He joined the French Communist Party in college.
4.Why do I do drama?
5.Meet Andre Gide.
6.Me and Sartre.
7.I fell in love with ** creation.
8.Be a person worthy of being called a "writer."
9.He won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Second, the sunshine of the Mediterranean.
1."Southern Thought" expresses my ideals in life.
2.Everyone yearns for the sun and the sea.
3.The Garden of Eden in my dreams.
4.To love life is to transcend nihilism.
5.Love life.
6.A life of hope is worth living.
7.To create is to realize the hope in one's heart.
8.Revolution is a special kind of creative activity.
3. Happiness and love.
1.The pursuit of earthly happiness is a matter of course.
2.How love becomes ridiculous.
3.Absurd love turns people into loneliness.
4.There is a kind of love that degrades people.
5.True love makes a person**.
6.Heavenly love.
4. How man becomes absurd and becomes absurd.
1.What a ridiculous.
2.What ridiculous people look like.
3.Between absurdity and dignity.
4.Reverse vs. Positive.
5.The fog blinds the eyes.
6.Man goes into captivity.
7.Living in confinement.
8.Blind reason leads people astray.
9.See the road ahead in the desert of ideas.
5. People who wander in loneliness.
1.Lonely people.
2.Lonely old man.
3.Is life a desert.
4.People are as lonely as stones.
5.Lonely people are cold and unforgiving.
6."Silence" is a state of existence.
6. Resistance and rebels.
1.Conquest by force is immoral.
2.Slavery is a distortion of man.
3.Conquest is ridiculous.
4.Why should we rebel.
5.People should have a spirit of resistance.
6.Who are the rebels.
7.Heroes who rebel against the absurd.
8 mythical heroes of rebellion.
7. From Resistance to Freedom.
1.Does philosophical revolt work.
2.Revolt against religion.
3.What is "absolute resistance".
4."Revolution" is a special kind of rebellion.
5.We just need to rebel in moderation.
6.How human freedom has become absurd.
7.Freedom is the most precious thing.
8.Why should people fight for social justice.
9.The difference between freedom and justice.
8. Absurd death.
1.Walk to the door of death.
2. Initiation is a really serious philosophical question.
3.Logical suicide.
4.Why should I say that killing people is absurd.
5. Basic views on the abolition of the death penalty.
9. What is true art and artistry?
1.What is beautiful?
2.What kind of beauty should art express?
3.Human Resistance and Art.
4.True works of art belong to people.
5.The social responsibility of the artist.
6.The honor of an artist is the best reward for hard work.
7.An exploration of the absurd.
8.What a real actor looks like.
9.My ** on "tragedy".
Camus Chronology. Wonderful book excerpts
2. The sunshine of the Mediterranean "yes." You love life. You only believe in life, and that's how it should be. "You're right. I am passionate about life and passionate about it. But at the same time, it makes me feel hateful and unpredictable. So I believed it with skepticism. Yes, I am willing to believe, I am willing to live, forever and ever. —The First Man" 1"Southern Thought" expresses my ideals of life, rebellion, relying on truth, and a protracted battle to the truth. Resistance is by no means romantic, on the contrary, it is on the side of true realism.
If it wants to start a revolution, it should be for life, not against life. It is for this reason that it relies first and foremost on the most concrete reality, the occupation and the countryside, where all things and the living mind of man manifest themselves. For it, politics should be subordinated to these truths. Finally, when revolt moves history forward and alleviates human suffering, terror is not used, if not violence, and it is done under the most different political conditions.
This example tells more than it suggests.
* The day when the revolution triumphs over syndicalism and liberalism, revolutionary thought loses its indispensable balancing power and goes into decline. This balancing force, this idea of regulating life, is the kind of force that inspires a long tradition called the idea of the sun. Since the Hellenistic culture, nature has been balanced with change in this way. The confrontation between prudent freedom and rationality, between altruistic individualism and the enslavement of the masses, once again manifests the contradictions of the age-old opposition between ** and excesses, which have given life to Western history since the ancient world. The deep conflict of this century may not have been the historical conflict between German ideology and Catholic politics, but in some ways they were identical, but between the German dream and the Mediterranean tradition, between the excesses of eternal youth and the power of adults, between the nostalgia evoked by knowledge and books and the courage to grow stronger in the course of life, and finally between nature and history. However, the German ideology is the successor in this respect.
During the twentieth century, there was a futile struggle against nature, first in the name of the gods of history, and then in the name of deified history. The struggle ended in German ideology. Undoubtedly, the Church established its doctrine only when it absorbed everything that could be absorbed in Greek thought.
However, when the Church of the Church eliminated the ideas it had inherited from the Mediterranean, it focused on history to the detriment of nature, giving Gothic triumph over Romanesque. It destroys its own boundaries and increasingly demands a secular theory of power and historical dynamics. Nature is no longer an object of contemplation and admiration, but has since become the content of actions aimed at transforming it. The concept of harmony would have been the real strength of the religion, but it was not this concept but the tendencies described above, which were opposed to the religion itself. God was expelled from this historical world, and the German ideology arose at this time from a purely conquest act, i.e., **.
However, the historicism of **, in spite of its triumph, has always been confronted with the unconquerable demands of human nature, and the Mediterranean holds their secrets, where the blazing sun accompanies wisdom. Ideology used three wars to wipe out the flesh of a group of outstanding rebels, engulfing this liberal tradition. But this pitiful victory was temporary, and the struggle continued. Europe has always been in this struggle between light and darkness. It is because it has given up on this struggle, allowing darkness to prevail over light, and thus losing its dignity. We have lost our sense of harmony, we are far from the beauty of nature, and we are once again in the world of the Old Testament, trapped between the cruel pharaohs and the unforgiving skies.
When all are suffering, ancient demands reappear, and nature stands up to history. Of course, this is not to disdain anything, nor to incite one civilization against another, but simply to say that such ideas cannot be lacking in today's world for long. It is true that the Russian people can give Europe a sacrificial force, and in the Americas an indispensable building force, but the youth of the world will always be around the same beaches. In a despicable Europe where the proudest races are dying, deprived of beauty and friendship, we Mediterranean people live in the same sunshine all the time. In the long night of Europe, the sun-minded, civilization with a double face, waits for the dawn. It has illuminated the way for people to grasp reality.
To truly grasp reality is to refute the prejudices of the times, first and foremost the most unfortunate deep-seated prejudices, which wish to be free from excesses and surrender to poor intelligence. Admittedly, there may be a sacredness when excesses absorb Nietzsche's crazy thoughts. Is this state of the confused soul displayed on our cultural stage always a deranged excesses and a frenzied pursuit of the impossible? And if a person indulges in it at least once, he will never be able to get rid of it. Did Prometheus ever have the face of a Heloh or a lawsuit? No. Our civilization lives forever among smug cowardly or resentful souls, and Lu Xifan also dies with God. Out of his ashes came a cramped devil, and he could no longer even see where to venture out. In the 1950s, excesses were a comfortable thing, sometimes a profession. Temperance, on the other hand, is pure pressure. It is undoubtedly smiling, while our spasms are so zealous with apocalypticism that they despise it. But this smile shines brightly at the pinnacle of endless effort: it is a complementary force. Why do the little Europeans who show us the face of misers, if they no longer have the strength to smile, want to use their spasms of despair as an example of superiority over others? Truly insane excesses are dying out or creating their own rules of moderation. It doesn't make excuses for itself to let others die.
It has regained the boundaries of its actions in the most extreme agony, and if necessary, will sacrifice itself like Kalyaev. Temperance is not the opposite of rebellion. Resistance is temperance, defending it, re-establishing moderation through history and its chaos. The origin of this value itself assures us that it is sad. Temperance is born of rebellion. It can only survive by revolting. It is a perpetual conflict that is always stimulated and controlled by wisdom.
It does not overcome the impossible and the abyss, but balances with them. No matter what we do, excesses always remain in people's hearts and minds, retaining their place in lonely places. All human beings carry hardships, sins, and disasters in themselves. However, our task is not to pour them out into the world, but to destroy them. The revolt, of which Barles speaks of a will that lasted for a century, is consistent with the principles of this battle. Resistance is the mother in all its forms, the source of true life, and it keeps us standing forever in the unfinished violent movement of history.