On February 3, the "No. 1" document ("Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Learning and Using the Experience of the "Thousand Village Demonstration and Ten Thousand Village Renovation" Project to Effectively and Effectively Promote the Comprehensive Revitalization of the Countryside) was released, releasing a positive signal that China will effectively and effectively promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and better promote the Chinese-style modernization.
How to improve the level of rural industry development? How to increase farmers' income? How can we further liberate and develop the productive forces? On February 4, at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office, Han Wenxiu, deputy director of the Finance Office and director of the Agricultural Office, said that this is the 12th "No. 1 document" to guide the work of "agriculture, agriculture, and agriculture" since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Starting from the key incisions, the document puts forward a number of policies and measures with gold content, and strives to make practical moves, do practical things, and achieve practical results, promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside and continuously achieve new results, so that the peasant masses can get more benefits.
Xing Production: Adapt to new consumption and tap new value.
Industrial prosperity is the premise of rural revitalization, and an important experience of the "Ten Million Project" is to adhere to the industry-based. What new measures will China take to develop rural advantageous and characteristic industries?
Industry is the basic support for rural revitalization. In this regard, Zhu Weidong, deputy director of the Office of the Financial and Economic Committee and deputy director of the Office of the Rural Work Leading Group, said that in recent years, there has been a good foundation for the development of rural industries in various places, but the main body is not strong, the chain is short, the driving capacity is weak, and the problems of homogenization are still more prominent.
This year's No. 1 document emphasizes that we should adhere to the principle of rejuvenating agriculture by industry, quality and green, and accelerate the construction of a modern rural industrial system with overall planning of grain, economy and feeding, simultaneous development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, integration of production and marketing, and integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, so as to build agriculture into a modern industry. Zhu Weidong said.
Specifically, the first is to highlight local characteristics. China's regional differences are large, and the products are abundant in various places, and there is a lot to be done around the "native products". It is necessary to use modern business philosophy, standards and methods to highlight the advantages of "soil" taste, create a brand with local characteristics, and accelerate the transformation of characteristic resource advantages into product advantages and industrial advantages.
The second is to pay attention to industrial integration. "Country houses in many places are hotly booked during the Spring Festival this year, and they have become a new highlight of holiday consumption. Zhu Weidong said that it is necessary to adapt to new consumer demand, fully tap the multiple functions of agriculture and the diversified value of rural areas, vigorously develop new industries and new formats such as eco-tourism, forest health care, leisure and camping, promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and create new growth points for the rural economy.
The third is to strengthen the processing of agricultural products. In line with the requirements of residents' consumption to facilitate and high-quality upgrading, we will promote the coordinated development of agricultural product production, primary processing and intensive processing, transform and upgrade processing facilities, and further expand the breadth and depth of agricultural product processing.
Finally, smooth rural logistics. "Now in some places, the rural logistics and distribution capacity is insufficient, and good products cannot be sold or sold at a high price, which has become a bottleneck for industrial development. The document focuses on improving the county and rural logistics and distribution system, optimizing the construction of the cold chain logistics system for agricultural products, and implementing the high-quality development project of rural e-commerce. Zhu Weidong said, especially rural e-commerce, has become an important engine to promote the development of rural industries, hidden in the deep ravine of the local products on the e-commerce platform, can also enter the urban people's homes, this aspect to support the acceleration of development.
Increase income: Grant more adequate property rights.
The bulging of the waist bag is the most concerned matter of the peasant masses. In recent years, the overall trend of increasing peasants' incomes has been good. According to the data, the per capita disposable income of rural residents will reach 21,691 yuan in 2023, an actual increase of 76%, and the income ratio of urban and rural residents shrank to 239：1。
Increasing peasants' income is the central task of the 'three rural' work. Zhu Weidong said frankly, "We must also see that there are many difficulties and challenges in consolidating the momentum of farmers' income increase." This year's document puts the measures to strengthen farmers' income increase in a prominent position, focusing on four aspects. ”
The first is to tap the potential of industrial operation to increase income. Doing a good job in household management is still the most important task in increasing peasants' incomes. The document proposes to implement actions to promote farmers' income and support farmers to develop family management projects such as characteristic planting and breeding, handicraft workshops, and understory economy. The document also proposes to improve the monitoring and early warning mechanism of the whole industrial chain, strengthen the linkage regulation and control of multiple varieties, improve the effectiveness of consumption assistance and agricultural income increase, stabilize and promote income increase. At the same time, we should strengthen the policy orientation of industrial development and linking agriculture with agriculture, improve the support policies for new agricultural business entities and agriculture-related enterprises and the mechanism of linking the income of rural households, so as to better drive farmers to participate in industrial development and share value-added benefits.
The second is to stabilize the income of peasants who go out to work. Wage income has become the first pillar of peasant income. The document emphasizes that it is necessary to strengthen the vocational skills training of migrant workers, improve the cross-regional information sharing and organized labor export mechanism, do a good job in supporting the employment of older migrant workers, actively promote cash-for-work in key projects and agricultural and rural infrastructure construction, and promote multi-channel employment of rural labor. In view of the problem of arrears of wages for migrant workers, the document proposes to strengthen source prevention and risk early warning, and improve the long-term mechanism of wage arrears. At present, it is the end of the year and the beginning of the year, and the relevant departments are carrying out a special action to rectify wage arrears, and go all out to let the migrant workers have a safe year.
The third is to expand transfer income. Transfer income is an important part of the income of ordinary rural households, especially low-income people. It is necessary to continue to intensify the policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers and rich peasants, and gradually raise the level of social security in rural areas. The document stresses that it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of agriculture-related capital projects, strictly investigate and deal with illegal activities such as arbitrage and fraudulent acquisition of funds, and make up for the various subsidies and subsidies given to farmers, so that farmers can really get benefits.
Finally, peasants should be given fuller property rights. There is still great potential for property income increase. The document proposes to encourage the use of rural idle homesteads, idle houses, "four wastelands" and other resource assets by means of leasing, cooperative development, and shareholding management, so as to create conditions to increase farmers' property income through multiple channels.
Reform: Solve the problem of "who will farm the land".
In the final analysis, it is necessary to rely on reform to solve the problems facing agricultural and rural development. What are the new reforms in Document 1?
In the new era and new journey, the "three rural" tasks are more arduous and the contradictions are more complex, so we must further deepen the rural reform, break down the obstacles of the system and mechanism, and liberate and develop the productive forces. Zhu Weidong said, "This year's No. 1 document has made arrangements for the key work of deepening rural reform."
First of all, it is necessary to consolidate and improve the basic management system in rural areas. The policy direction of extending the second round of land contracts for another 30 years after the expiration has been clear, and this year the whole province will carry out pilot projects to explore specific implementation measures to lay a good foundation for the whole country. The document also proposes to build a modern agricultural management system, based on small farmers, focusing on new agricultural business entities, and supported by socialized services, accelerating the creation of a high-quality production and management team that adapts to the development of modern agriculture, and striving to solve the problem of "who will farm the land".
The second is to deepen the reform of the collective property rights system. According to Zhu Weidong, the reform has been completed in the early stage of the liquidation of assets and the quantification of shares, around the second half of the article, under the premise of strict risk control, encourage all localities to explore property leasing, intermediary services, asset participation and other diversified ways according to local conditions, to promote the healthy development of the new rural collective economy.
Finally, adhere to integrity and innovation. Rural reform has entered the deep water area, involving the vital interests of hundreds of millions of farmers, we must adhere to the bottom line of rural reform, encourage local practice and exploration and institutional innovation, strengthen the integration and efficiency of reform measures, and stimulate the vitality of rural revitalization. Zhu Weidong said.
Comprehensive report by Beijing Business Daily.