Why did Japan not go south to reunify and follow the route of the Mongol Qing Dynasty to destroy Jin
What exactly is a "grand view of history"? The "grand view of history" advocated by Huang Renyu in the United States is to look at historical events in the long river of 5,000 years, and you will find different experiences.
For example, when someone confuses Japan's invasion of China with the unification of the Yuan and Qing dynasties, how should we evaluate it?
The emperors of China had nicknames and temple names, while the emperors of Japan did not. For example, Emperor Hirohito's era name and epithetical name are both Showa, which is ceremonally inappropriate.
And in Chinese history, there has never been an emperor with the same era name and nickname, such as the temple name of Emperor Kangxi cannot be Kangxi. The Yuan and Qing dynasties belonged to China, while Japan was not.
The temple name is the name used by Chinese monarchs when they are enshrined in temples after their deaths, and originated from the sacrificial culture of the Shang Dynasty. During the reign of Qin Shi Huang, the temple number was abolished, but in the Han Dynasty, only emperors with outstanding merits had temple numbers, for example, Liu Bang's temple number was "Han Taizu", Emperor Wen of Han was Emperor Taizong of Han, Emperor Wu of Han was Emperor Shizong of Han, and Emperor Xuan of Han was Emperor Zhongzong of Han.
It was not until the beginning of the Sui Dynasty that the temple name replaced the nickname and became an important criterion for evaluating the emperor's merits. Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty system and worshipped his ancestors and several Yuan emperors in the temple.
After Huang Taiji established the Qing Dynasty, he also sacrificed his father Nurhachi as the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty. Japan, on the other hand, did not learn from the Chinese temple number system, and the emperor did not have a temple number. In addition, both the capitals of the Yuan and Qing dynasties were in China, including the capital of the Yuan dynasty (present-day Beijing) and the capital of the Qing dynasty (Shenyang, Beijing).
And the capital of Japan is Tokyo, not in China. In general, the Yuan and Qing dynasties were part of China, while Japan was not.
Although Japan's war of aggression against China is mentioned, its progress in China clearly lagged behind the Qing Dynasty's war of unification. For example, after the Japanese bombardment of Beijing after the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, although many cities were captured, the Qing Dynasty completed the unification of North China in less than a year after entering Beijing in 1644, and captured Shandong, Shanxi, Luoyang and other places in a shorter time.
The Qing Dynasty's war of unification was not only more extensive geographically, but also more rapid in time, demonstrating its great military strength and leadership. Compared with the Qing Dynasty's war of unification, Japan's war of aggression against China undoubtedly looked very bad.
After comparing this chronology, we find that there are many similarities between the Qing and Japanese armies in the battles, such as the fact that both armies fought for a long time in Hunan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and that they also fought fiercely with the Japanese in Hunan and Guangxi.
However, the Qing army eventually won and unified China, while Japan ultimately lost. Was this because the Qing Dynasty did not receive help from the United States and the Soviet Union at that time? This is partly due to this, but also to the correct military strategy adopted by the Qing Dynasty.
Just like in Go, if your entire direction is wrong, then it is impossible to win the whole game. Let's take a look at the chronology of the Qing Dynasty's war with the Japanese army, and find that one of the biggest differences is that the Qing Dynasty fought from the north to the south, while the Japanese fought from the east to the west.
This discrepancy ultimately led to the military defeat of the Japanese army.
During the Battle of Songhu, Li Zongren recalled his question: Why did the Japanese army choose to attack Shanxi from North China instead of attacking from the north because they were good at tactics and short at strategy, and lacked the ability to analyze strategy?
If they attacked from the north and attacked Guanzhong with a condescending advantage, at that time, it would be difficult for the Eighth Route Army and Hu Zongnan's troops to resist. In fact, this is exactly the route taken by the Mongols to destroy the Jin and the Qing Dynasty to unify them.
However, the Japanese had a deviation in their route of advance, and they chose to fight from east to west, first capturing Shanghai, then Nanjing, then winning the Battle of Xuzhou, and then defeating ** in the Battle of Wuhan, forcing the Nationals to continue to move southwest.
But for the next three years, Japan spent most of the next three years sweeping in northern China, struggling in central China without increasing its military investment in the Chinese theater.
In the end, Japan lost the war and ended in defeat. This makes people wonder if the Japanese army could have attacked from the north as Li Zongren suggested, would the result have been different?
The Battle of Songhu: Major Strategic Significance in China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression The Battle of Songhu, as the largest and most tragic battle in China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, has always been controversial.
On the one hand, it was regarded as a major crime of Chiang Kai-shek, because the squadron paid a heavy price when the terrain was not in its favor. On the other hand, it was also considered to be of great strategic importance, forcing the Japanese army to shift its strategic direction of attack and crush its plan to "destroy China in three months".
It can be said that the success of the Battle of Songhu laid a solid foundation for China's victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Similar to the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Battle of Songhu was of great strategic significance, despite the great sacrifices it took, it successfully resisted Japan's expansion in East Asia.
If there was no Battle of Songhu, the Japanese army might have attacked the Central Plains in one go, and even captured Xi'an, threatening the rear. With the Battle of Songhu, the Japanese army successfully lured the attention of the Japanese army to the prosperous area south of the Yangtze River, changed the direction of its attack, and made it impossible for them to attack Hubei or Chongqing.
This is the greatest significance of the Battle of Songhu: it successfully blocked the Japanese attack and created conditions for China's victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
From the topographic map of China, we can clearly see the distribution of the three steps. The Tibetan Plateau is the first tier, the eastern plains and the southern hilly areas are the third tier, and the mountainous areas in the middle are the second tier.
If you attack from the second ladder to the third ladder, you can be commanding from a high position and condescending, which has a great advantage. For example, Guanzhong is on the second ladder, the Qin Dynasty eliminated the Six Kingdoms, the Han Dynasty unified the world, and the Sui and Tang dynasties unified the world, all of which are classic examples of the second ladder unifying the first ladder.
The Battle of Songhu was a key battle in the early days of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, which successfully stopped the Japanese invasion. The battle was like a high wall, holding the Japanese at the first step of the map of China, making it impossible for them to advance to the second tier, let alone climb to the third.
The map of China, once occupied by the Japanese army, is the best proof that the success of the Battle of Songhu is of great significance to China.
1.The Japanese wandered on the first tier, and the capture of the second tier was unsuccessful. This is mainly because the Japanese are not familiar with Chinese history, and they think that the military strategic significance of China's Jiangnan region is not as good as that of northern Shaanxi.
As a result, they were attracted by Zhang Shicheng and fell drunk in the gentle township of Jiangnan. 2.Japan's failure to conquer Mongolia had an impact on its north-south strategy. Some people will ask, are the Japanese so stupid?
Did the people do it by luring them to Jiangnan and letting them fight from east to west? In fact, the Japanese were also forced, because they did not complete the task of conquering Mongolia, so they had to abandon this set of policies and change the plan B.
So, what is the task that is not completed? That is the conquest of Mongolia. There is a famous quote in Tanaka's sonata: "If you want to conquer the world, you must first conquer China." ”
However, if you want to conquer China, you must first conquer Manchuria. If China is completely subjugated, other foreign peoples like Minor Central Asia, India, and the South Seas will be in awe and submit to us.
There used to be a historical document called "Tanaka Soto", but it did not provide specific strategic guidance for Japan's invasion of China. It is said that at that time, the Japanese military department proposed a plan to invade China first and then conquer Manchuria, which was similar to the strategy of Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the last years of the Ming Dynasty.
However, despite this assumption, the Japanese did not succeed in conquering Manchuria. Manchuria, today's Northeast China, was occupied by Japan during the 918 Incident. However, for the Mongolian region, Japan has not been able to obtain it.
By the way, the origin of Inner Mongolia is not the Qing Dynasty, but the Ming Dynasty.
Warat and Tatar were the two major Mongol powers during the Ming Dynasty, and Warat once caused the Tumubao Rebellion. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Dayan Khan, the ancestor of the Chahar tribe, became powerful, and his grandson Altan Khan fought in the south and the north, and besieged Beijing in the 29th year of Jiajing, creating the Gengxu Rebellion.
However, during the Longqing period, Altan Khan's grandson became disgruntled and defected to the Ming Dynasty. But to his surprise, the Ming Dynasty, under the mediation of the genius politician Zhang Juzheng, sent him back to Mongolia safely.
After years of conquest, Altan Khan realized the importance of a stable life, and finally reached an agreement with the Ming Dynasty, was named the king of Shunyi, and established the city of Hohhot, which is the origin of Inner Mongolia.
During the Huang Taiji period, Lin Dan Khan tried to restore Genghis Khan's hegemony, and had a fierce conflict with Huang Taiji, and finally through a ten-year war, Huang Taiji successfully defeated Lin Dan Khan and unified Inner Mongolia, which made the Qing Dynasty already have a vast area of Inner Mongolia before entering the customs.
The Khalkha Mongols were located in the northern part of the desert, far from the center of the Qing Dynasty, so they did not receive much attention in the early Qing Dynasty. However, under the leadership of Emperor Kangxi, the Khalkha Mongols were eventually unified through the Duolun Alliance.
In the history of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi entered the first place, Emperor Yongzheng pacified Qinghai, and Emperor Qianlong defeated the Dzungar Khanate, making Xinjiang return to the embrace of the motherland. After three major military battles, the Qing Dynasty successfully achieved the unification of China, laying a solid foundation for today's national map.
With the support of Inner Mongolia, the Qing Dynasty had the advantage of the northern route and successfully unified China. The Japanese, on the other hand, failed to get their hands on Mongolia and were unable to replicate the Qing Dynasty's strategy of advancing northward. During the Qing Dynasty, Outer Mongolia was under the jurisdiction of General Uriya Sutai, but it perished before it could establish a province.
In order to establish a buffer zone, the Soviet Union wantonly ** princes and foster pro-Soviet forces, and Outer Mongolia, with the support of the Soviet Union's military strength, taught the Japanese a lesson in the Battle of Normenhan. In 1939, Japan attacked eastern Outer Mongolia in order to condescendingly attack Shanxi, China, and satisfy its "northward expansion plan".
Stalin, fearing Japan's invasion of the Soviet Far East, decided to take action to deter Japan and protect it.
During World War II, the Soviet Union sent Zhukov, the god of war, as the commander of the 57th Special Army, in the hope that he would avoid direct conflict as much as possible. At first, Zhukov relied mainly on aircraft to engage the Japanese in air battles, but as the battle progressed, the Japanese adjusted their tactics and adopted a ground offensive.
With their powerful firepower and deployment, the Soviet-Mongolian forces successfully stopped the Japanese advance. In order to end the fighting more quickly, the USSR decided to expand the 57th Special Army into the 1st Army, with Zhukov as its commander.
The Soviet-Mongolian forces greatly outnumbered the Japanese in strength and firepower, and launched a general offensive on August 20, successfully defeating the Japanese army. This battle was not only the largest battle between the Soviet Union and Japan in the early days, but also a key battle for foreign countries.
After the war, Outer Mongolia became more dependent on the Soviet Union, and Choibalsan, the founder of the Mongolian People's Party, further consolidated his position, which he declared in 1945
Japan attempted to conquer Manchuria, but met strong Soviet resistance in Outer Mongolia and ultimately failed. For Inner Mongolia, however, the situation is more complicated. The Qing Dynasty's three-hundred-year rule divided Inner Mongolia into three parts, and a number of urban settlements emerged from the traditional nomadic regions, including Suiyuan in the west, Chahar in the center, and Rehe in the east.
The fate of the three provinces varied, with the most urbanized Rehe being annexed by Japan and annexed to the puppet state of Manchukuo. Therefore, the puppet state of Manchukuo should include not only Heijiliao, but also Rehe.
It is worth noting that Heijiliao itself included part of the eastern part of today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Chahar was fostered by Japan and established a puppet regime, the German monarchy.
With the support of King De, Japan established a puppet Mongolian and Xinjiang joint autonomy in Chahar**. This**, the puppet Manchukuo and Wang Jingwei's puppet national** were the three traitors of China at that time**, colluding with each other and all under the control of Japan.
So, you may want to know the specific situation of Suiyuan Province in the early years, right? At that time, Suiyuan Province was an important stronghold of the Jin warlords, and the chairman of Suiyuan Province was Fu Zuoyi, a famous general of the Jin Dynasty at that time.
Fu Zuoyi is a brave and warlike general with strict military discipline, known as the "Seven and a Half Routes", and his military discipline is excellent, comparable to the Eighth Route Army. In the battle against King Chahald and the Japanese invading forces, Fu Zuoyi showed outstanding military talent and noble national spirit.
In 1936, before the outbreak of the all-out war of resistance, King De tried to invade the Ordos minerals in Suiyuan Province, and the chief of staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, Itagaki Seishiro, openly broke into Suiyuan in an attempt to lure Fu Zuoyi down.
However, Fu Zuoyi was not threatened, and he resolutely demanded to fight back against the Japanese army and the traitors and maintain the justice of the nation. However, Chiang Kai-shek asked Fu Zuoyi to focus on forbearance and avoid fighting the Japanese army easily.
Despite this, Fu Zuoyi still decided to face the cavalry troops of King De. On November 24, 1936, the troops led by Fu Zuoyi achieved a great victory in Bailing Temple, eliminating 700-800 Japanese puppet soldiers and capturing 300 people, which was another important victory for the squadron since the Great Wall War of Resistance in 1933.
This battle shook the whole of China and the world, and made the whole people proud and inspired.
Fu Zuoyi adhered to Suiyuan, preserved Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, thwarted the Japanese invasion, won the victory of Wuyuan, set a precedent for the Kuomintang to recover the lost territory, and won the "National Glory Medal". Fu Zuoyi guarded Suiyuan for more than ten years, successfully resisted the attacks of the Japanese and the puppet ** of King De, ensured the tranquility of China's great northwest, and also firmly held one-third of Inner Mongolia, making it impossible for Japan to occupy Manchu and Mongolia.
At the same time, Japan's distrust of the puppet regime of the German king also played a certain role, because Japan attached more importance to the puppet Manchukuo, and the existence of the puppet regime of the German king threatened the security of the rear of the puppet Manchukuo.
As a result, the three forces competed on the Inner Mongolian grasslands, and in the end, the Japanese army could not move south through the Inner Mongolian grasslands. At the same time, the Japanese were lured to the south of the Yangtze River, lost the important northwest region of China's strategic position, could not defeat Qiaobalshan in Outer Mongolia and Fu Zuoyi in Inner Mongolia, and guarded against King De of Chahar, so that they could not fight from north to south.