1. The concept, characteristics, value and status quo of specialized and special new enterprises
1) The concept of specialized, special and new enterprises.
Specialized and special new enterprises refer to small and medium-sized enterprises that focus on market segments, focus on their main business, have strong innovation ability and good growth, and are an important source of support for the real economy and innovation. The concept of specialized, special and new enterprises was first proposed by the Prime Minister in 2015, which is a classification and evaluation of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as an expectation and encouragement for small and medium-sized enterprises. The core characteristics of specialized, refined, special and new enterprises are "specialized, refined, special and new", that is, specialization, refinement, specialization and innovation, which reflects the differentiated competitive advantage and development potential of small and medium-sized enterprises.
2) Characteristics of specialized and special new enterprises.
Specialized and special new enterprises have the following four characteristics:
1.Specialization. Specialized and special new enterprises focus on market segments, deeply cultivate a certain link or a certain product in the industrial chain, form their own core competitiveness, do not blindly follow the trend or cross-border operation, avoid homogeneous competition, and improve market share and profit margin.
2.Refinement. Specialized and special new enterprises pay attention to the quality and efficiency of products and services, continuously improve management level and production capacity, optimize production processes and cost structure, and improve resource utilization and customer satisfaction.
3.Specialization. Specialized and special new enterprises have distinctive product characteristics and brand image, meet the personalized and diversified needs of consumers, create their own market positioning and differentiated advantages, and enhance market influence and loyalty.
4.Innovation. Specialized and special new enterprises have strong innovation ability and awareness, constantly invest in R&D and technological transformation, promote technological innovation, system innovation and business model innovation, adapt to market changes and customer needs, and enhance product added value and core competitiveness.
3) The value of specialized, special and new enterprises.
Specialized and special new enterprises have important value and role in the country's economic and social development, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1.Promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. Through the development of specialization, refinement, specialization and innovation, specialized and special new enterprises have filled the gaps and shortcomings of the industrial chain, enhanced the integrity and competitiveness of the industrial chain, promoted the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, and enhanced the country's strategic security and economic security.
2.Increase employment and tax revenues. Through efficient production and operation, specialized and special new enterprises have created a large number of jobs and tax revenues, provided stable financial support and social security for the country and society, and promoted social harmony and stability.
3.Unleash the vitality and potential of innovation. Through continuous technological innovation and model innovation, specialized and special new enterprises have cultivated a number of innovative enterprises and innovative talents with international competitiveness, providing a steady stream of power and support for the country's scientific and technological progress and innovation-driven development.
4.Serve people's livelihood and social needs. By meeting the personalized and diversified needs of consumers, specialized and special new enterprises provide high-quality products and services, improve the quality of life and happiness of consumers, and contribute to the sustainable development of society and people's better life.
4) The status quo of specialized and special new enterprises.
As a kind of small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized and special new enterprises are also facing some common problems and difficulties in small and medium-sized enterprises, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1.Financing is difficult and expensive. Due to the small scale, low credit rating, lack of collateral and other reasons, it is difficult for specialized and special new enterprises to obtain credit support from banks and financial institutions, and the financing cost is high and the financing channels are few, which affects the capital flow and development scale of the enterprise.
2.Talent shortage, brain drain. Due to the lack of treatment level, career development, social security, etc., it is difficult for specialized and special new enterprises to attract and retain high-quality talents, especially technical and managerial talents, which affects the innovation ability and core competitiveness of enterprises.
3.Policy support is insufficient, and policy implementation is not in place. Although specialized and special new enterprises have been highly valued and supported by the state and local governments, there are still some imperfect and uncoordinated problems in the process of policy formulation and implementation, such as the coverage of the policy is not wide enough, the implementation of the policy is not strong enough, and the effect of the policy is not obvious enough, which affects the actual effect of the policy and the actual benefits of the enterprise.
4.The market competition is fierce, and the market risk increases. Due to the focus on market segments, specialized and special new enterprises are facing peers and cross-border competitors from home and abroad, and the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and at the same time, due to the changes and uncertainties of market demand, market risks are also increasing, and the survival and development of enterprises are facing greater challenges and pressures.
Second, the cultivation skills of specialized and special new enterprises
In view of the development status and problems of specialized, special and new enterprises, this paper puts forward the following cultivation skills, in order to provide reference and reference for the high-quality development of specialized and special new enterprises.
1) Increase investment in innovation and enhance innovation capabilities.
Innovation is the lifeline and core competitiveness of specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also the fundamental way out and development driving force of specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized and special new enterprises should increase investment in innovation and enhance innovation capabilities, and specific measures include:
1.Increase R&D expenditures and optimize R&D structure. At the same time, they should reasonably allocate the proportion of basic research, applied research and R&D research according to their own development strategy and market demand, so as to improve R&D efficiency and effectiveness.
2.Establish a R&D team and cultivate R&D talents. Specialized and special new enterprises should establish a professional, efficient and collaborative R&D team, attract and retain R&D talents with innovative spirit and innovation ability, provide a good working environment and incentive mechanism, and stimulate the innovation potential and enthusiasm of R&D talents.
3.Apply for patents and protect intellectual property rights. At the same time, they should make full use of patent information, understand technology trends and market trends, and guide their technological innovation and product development.
2) Strengthen collaborative innovation and expand innovation resources.
Collaborative innovation is an important way and effective means for specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also the inevitable choice and development trend of specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized, special and new enterprises should strengthen collaborative innovation and expand innovation resources, and specific measures include:
1.Strengthen industry-university-research cooperation and promote technology transformation. Specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen cooperation with universities, scientific research institutes, industry associations and other institutions, use their technological advantages and talent advantages to carry out technological development and achievement transformation, improve their own technical level and innovation capabilities, and at the same time, provide them with practical application scenarios and market feedback, and promote the commercialization and socialization of technology.
2.Establish industry alliances to promote resource sharing. Specialized and special new enterprises should establish industrial alliances related to themselves, cooperate with upstream and downstream enterprises, peer enterprises, cross-border enterprises, etc., share technical resources, market resources, human resources, etc., realize the optimal allocation and utilization of resources, improve the overall efficiency and competitiveness of the industry, and at the same time, provide more opportunities and space for their own development.
3.Participate in international exchanges and promote the introduction of technology. Specialized and special new enterprises should participate in international exchanges and cooperation, carry out technical exchanges and technology introduction with foreign advanced enterprises and institutions, learn from and learn from foreign advanced technology and management experience, improve their own international level and vision, and at the same time, provide a platform and support for foreign technology output and market expansion.
3) Promote digital transformation and improve operational efficiency.
Digital transformation is an important opportunity and effective way for specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also a necessary condition and development direction for specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized and new enterprises should promote digital transformation and improve operational efficiency, including specific measures:
1.Optimize production processes with digital tools. Specialized and special new enterprises should use digital tools, such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc., to digitally manage and optimize the production process, realize the intelligence, automation, precision and visualization of production, improve the quality and efficiency of production, and reduce the cost and risk of production.
2.Establish a digital platform to optimize marketing channels. Specialized and special new enterprises should establish digital platforms, such as e-commerce platforms, social platforms, content platforms, etc., to digitally expand and optimize marketing channels, realize diversification, personalization, interaction and real-time marketing, improve marketing coverage and conversion rate, and increase marketing revenue and profits.
3.Leverage digital data to optimize decision support. Specialized and special new enterprises should use digital data, such as customer data, market data, competition data, industry data, etc., to digitally analyze and optimize decision-making support, realize scientific, data-based, intelligent and high-quality decision-making, improve the accuracy and effectiveness of decision-making, and enhance the confidence and determination of decision-making.
4) Enhance brand influence and increase market awareness.
Brand influence is an important asset and core competitiveness of specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also an important goal and development driving force of specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized and special new enterprises should enhance brand influence and increase market awareness, and specific measures include:
1.Shape the brand image and convey the brand value. Specialized and special new enterprises should shape their own brand image, highlight their own product characteristics and brand advantages, convey their own brand concept and brand culture, create their own brand personality and brand differences, and improve their brand awareness and reputation.
2.Carry out brand promotion and expand brand influence. Specialized and special new enterprises should carry out brand promotion, use a variety of channels and channels, such as TV, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, social **, etc., to carry out brand advertising, public relations activities, word-of-mouth marketing, event marketing, etc., to expand their brand influence and loyalty.
3.Participate in brand reviews and improve brand credibility. Specialized and special new enterprises should participate in brand evaluation, accept a variety of authoritative and professional brand evaluation institutions and first-class evaluation and certification, such as China famous brand, China well-known trademark, China Quality Award, China Consumers Association, etc., to improve their brand reputation and trust.
5) Accelerate the pace of listing and increase financing channels.
Listing is an important goal and effective means for specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also an important opportunity and development direction for specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized, special and new enterprises should speed up the pace of listing and increase financing channels, specific measures include:
1.Choosing the right listing market is in line with its own development strategy. Specialized and special new enterprises should choose the appropriate listed market according to their own scale, growth, innovation, internationalization and other factors, such as the main board, small and medium-sized board, gem, science and technology innovation board, overseas markets, etc., in line with their own development strategies and goals, and obtain more capital support and market recognition.
2.Improve the preparation for listing and meet the listing conditions. Specialized and special new enterprises should improve their financial, legal, management, information disclosure and other aspects of listing preparations, in line with the conditions and requirements of the listing market, such as profitability, market value, equity structure, governance mechanism, information disclosure system, etc., to improve the quality and level of their listing.
3.Use the listing platform to enhance development capabilities. Specialized and special new enterprises should use the listing platform to enhance their own development capabilities, such as through additional issuance, allotment, convertible bonds, etc., to increase funds and expand the scale of development; Through mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, investment and other means, increase the integration of resources and expand the development space; Through equity incentives, employee stock ownership and other means, increase talent incentives and improve development efficiency.
III. Conclusion
Specialized and special new enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises that focus on market segments, focus on their main business, have strong innovation ability and good growth, and are an important source of support for the real economy and innovation. Faced with problems and challenges such as financing difficulties, brain drain, insufficient policies, and market competition, specialized and special new enterprises need to increase investment in innovation, strengthen collaborative innovation, promote digital transformation, enhance brand influence, accelerate the pace of listing and other cultivation skills, so as to achieve high-quality development and sustainable development, and make greater contributions to the country's economic and social development.