On the afternoon of December 29, 1925, Xu Shuzheng, a famous general in Anhui, said goodbye to his friends and boarded the train from Beijing to Tianjin"Arrest and shoot Xu Shuzheng! ”
Lu Zhonglin felt that the matter was serious, and hesitated for a moment, Feng Yuxiang roared angrily"What are you afraid of, the sky is falling, and there are pillars! ”
Lu Zhonglin issued this order to Zhang Zhijiang, who was stationed in Langfang, and in the early morning of December 30, Zhang Zhijiang stopped the train, dragged Xu Shuzheng, who was wearing pajamas, out of the carriage, shot him to death, and dumped his body in the wilderness.
So what is the grudge between Feng Yuxiang and Xu Shuzheng, so that they want to kill the killer? This is related to the factional struggle of the Beiyang warlords and the political situation at that time.
Feng Yuxiang. Xu Shuzheng took the imperial examination when he was young, and later witnessed the decline of the country, so he resolutely threw his pen from Rong and defected to Yuan Shikai, the governor of Shandong, who was training the new army.
Xu Shuzheng had no choice but to live in the city of Jinan, reading and writing to pass the time.
One day, Duan Qirui, one of the "Three Heroes of Beiyang", came to visit by chance, and praised him again and again for his good writing, and then the two talked, and learned that Xu Shuzheng was going to join the army, so he happily invited him to be his secretary, and since then Xu Shuzheng has followed Duan Qirui and become a hardcore supporter of the Anhui warlords.
After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Yuan Shikai became the prime minister of the cabinet, appointed Duan Qirui as the governor of Huguang, and went to Hubei to suppress the revolutionary party, but in fact he had other plans, and soon Yuan Shikai instructed the Beiyang generals to force the Qing emperor to abdicate, and Duan Qirui's telegram was drafted by Xu Shuzheng.
Yuan Shikai. After the abdication of the Qing Emperor, the north and the south made peace, and Sun Yat-sen ceded the temporary ** to Yuan Shikai.
Duan Qirui was promoted to the chief of the army because of his "support", and Xu Shuzheng was also promoted step by step, from the director of the Department of Military Studies to the deputy director of the army, because Duan Qirui was gradually dissatisfied with Yuan Shikai and was often absent from work, Xu Shuzheng was actually presiding over the work of the Ministry of the Army.
When Yuan Shikai was about to be called emperor, Duan Qirui and Xu Shuzheng were resolutely opposed, so they were both dismissed, and then Yuan Shikai was forced to cancel the imperial system and "invited" Duan Qirui back to be the premier of the state.
Soon Yuan Shikai died of illness, the Beiyang warlords were leaderless, and suddenly fell into internal disputes, Li Yuanhong succeeded to the big **, and the "palace dispute" between Prime Minister Duan Qirui intensified, because Xu Shuzheng had a tough personality and acted arbitrarily, which exacerbated Li Yuanhong's dissatisfaction.
It was this flaw in his character that laid the groundwork for the tragedy that followed.
Xu Shuzheng. With the outbreak of World War I, around the issue of participating in the war, the "battle between the government and the court" tended to be white-hot, Duan Qirui manipulated the parliament to pass a bill declaring war on Germany, Li Yuanhong refused to sign, and dismissed Duan Qirui as prime minister.
As the chief strategist, Xu Shuzheng traveled around seeking opportunities for Duan Qirui's comeback, and he met Zhang Xun, a Qing dynasty relic, in Xuzhou.
There is a saying that Zhang Xun was instigated by Xu Shuzheng and others to carry out the restoration and become a tool for Duan Qirui's comeback.
Zhang Xun led the "Whip Army" into Beijing, and within a few days after supporting Puyi, Duan Qirui set up a rebel army, sent a telegram to crusade against Zhang Xun, and re-became the prime minister in the name of "three republics", forcing Li Yuanhong to flee, which was indispensable behind Xu Shuzheng's plan.
Xu Shuzheng. However, Duan Qirui is not the only one who benefits from the fisherman, and the original deputy Feng Guozhang took the throne as the **big**, and he went toe-to-toe with Duan Qirui, forming a new factional struggle.
Feng Guozhang is from Zhili, and Duan Qirui is from Anhui, so their forces are called Zhili and Anhui respectively, and the battle between Zhiwan and Anhui began.
At this time, China did not even exist on the surface of the unification, Lu Rongting and Tang Jiyao in the southwest became independent one after another, Sun Yat-sen raised the first banner in Guangzhou, Duan Qirui relied on the strength of the army and the horse to advocate "reunification by force", and Feng Guozhang was unwilling to sit on the Anhui system and advocated "peaceful and unified", Duan Qirui was forced to resign.
Xu Shuzheng exerted his super social skills, swept vertically and horizontally, and attracted the overseers from all over the country to hold a meeting, forcing Feng Guozhang to submit and agreeing to send troops south to attack the ** army, and he even hid Duan Qirui to attract Zhang Zuolin into the customs, and the exchange condition was to support Duan Qirui to return to power.
Duan Qirui. In order to consolidate the position of the Anhui system, Xu Shuzheng organized the "Anfu Club" and won a big victory in the new parliamentary election.
In the face of the aggressiveness of the Anhui system, Feng Guozhang is also wrestling in secret, and he has a man named Lu Jianzhang, although this person is notorious, but he is also a veteran of Beiyang, and was hired by Feng Guozhang as a senior military adviser, and Feng Yuxiang is Lu Jianzhang's old subordinate and niece-in-law.
Feng Guozhang sent Lu Jianzhang to Tianjin to invite Cao Kun out of the mountain to strengthen the power of his direct line, and Xu Shuzheng lured Lu Jianzhang to the Yunnan Hall and shot him in the back garden, which formed a personal enmity with Feng Yuxiang.
At that time, Feng Yuxiang was just a brigade commander of a mixed brigade, and his status was not the same as Xu Shuzheng's, so he could only swallow his anger and was ordered to go south to Fujian to attack the ** army.
Feng Yuxiang. There is an old saying in China, called feng shui turns, the short-lived glory of Anhui has taken a sharp turn with the defeat on the front, and the First World War has ended, the call for peace prevailed, Cao Kun, Wu Peifu, Zhang Zuolin and others left Germany, and Feng Yuxiang also publicly telegraphed the whole country to demand a truce.
Xu Shuzheng is the most staunch supporter of "reunification by force", in order to calm the people, Xu Shichang sent him to Japan to investigate, in fact, he was separated, when Xu Shuzheng returned to China, the peace between the north and the south had begun, he had no choice but to offer to go to the northwest to plan the frontier, but also to preserve military strength for the Anhui system.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Tsarist Russia took advantage of the situation and supported the Outer Mongolian authorities to declare independence, which was later changed to autonomy under international pressure, but in fact it was still semi-independent.
When the October Revolution broke out in 1917 and Soviet Russia was established, the living Buddhas and princes of Outer Mongolia were afraid of being liquidated, and they had the idea of "returning" to China.
Xu Shuzheng. Xu Shuzheng was keenly aware of this and advocated taking decisive measures to achieve actual control over Outer Mongolia, which was a good thing for the benefit of the country and the people, so Beiyang ** generally supported it, and appointed him as a border envoy in the northwest, responsible for organizing and training border guards.
In October 1919, Xu Shuzheng ordered the border guards to march into Kulun, the capital of Outer Mongolia, because they wanted to preserve their strength, so the vanguard only had two regiments.
This is also difficult for Zhiduoxing Xu Shuzheng, he learned the bridge section in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", let the two regiments take a car, pass through the city and then go around a big circle, and then re-enter the city, repeating it several times, creating the illusion of a steady stream of follow-up troops;
In order to fill the huge barracks, he also assigned a regimental barracks to each company, which was tightly sealed in peacetime to prevent outsiders from approaching the barracks.
Xu Shuzheng is in Outer Mongolia.
It was this kind of small trick that actually bluffed the Outer Mongolian authorities, Xu Shuzheng coerced and lured, and forced the living Buddha Jebtsundamba to give up the conditional withdrawal and accept the unconditional withdrawal proposed by himself, and the sovereignty completely belonged to Beiyang**.
Xu Shuzheng became famous for a while, and Xu Shichang was called "Big Xu Xiao Xu", but the country was weak and could not be maintained by one person's ability, and more than a year after he returned to Beijing, Outer Mongolia became independent again with the support of the Soviet Union.
In 1920, the contradictions between the Beiyang factions intensified, and because Duan Qirui and Xu Shuzheng made too many enemies, they were unanimously opposed by the direct family and the Feng family, and demanded the dissolution of the Anfu Club.
The Zhiwan War broke out, the Anhui system was defeated in Langfang, Duan Qirui went into the wilderness, Xu Shuzheng was wanted, could not gain a foothold in China, and fled to Japan.
Duan Qirui. And Feng Yuxiang emerged in the Zhiwan War, followed the direct Yan Xiangwen into Shaanxi, defeated the Anhui Shaanxi overseer Chen Shufan, Yan Xiangwen became the new overseer, it was difficult to maintain the situation, made a mess of Shaanxi, and finally committed suicide by swallowing opium.
Feng Yuxiang took the opportunity to annex Yan Xiangwen's troops, appointed himself as the overseer, and took the opportunity to expand his territory, although he was still in the direct line, he had his own sphere of influence, that is, the predecessor of the "Northwest Army", which laid the foundation for the future turbulent clouds.
After Feng Guozhang's death, Wu Peifu became the new direct chief.
In October 1923, he supported Cao Kun to ascend to the throne through bribery, appointed himself as a patrol envoy to the two lakes of Zhilu and Henan, supported hundreds of thousands of soldiers, and appeared on the cover of "Time" magazine.
Feng Yuxiang. Feng Yuxiang, as a direct general, naturally participated in this war, but he was inspired by Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary ideas and was ready to secretly overthrow the rule of the direct line.
Wu Peifu was completely ignorant of this, and appointed Feng Yuxiang as the commander of the Third Army, and detoured to the rear of the Feng army from the northern front.
When the main forces of the two armies fought fiercely at Shanhaiguan, Feng Yuxiang saw the opportunity, returned to Beijing day and night, put Cao Kun under house arrest, and asked Sun Yat-sen to go north to preside over the overall situation.
Wu Peifu was shocked, threw down the troops and fled to Tianjin, seeing that the situation was developing in a favorable direction, Sun Yat-sen suddenly became seriously ill, and Feng Yuxiang's strength could not control the overall situation at all, so he had to acquiesce to Zhang Zuolin's entry into the customs, and jointly "support" Duan Qirui, who was already a dry bone in the grave, to form a temporary deacon.
Feng Yuxiang. As the old warlords, Zhang Zuolin and Duan Qirui could not tolerate Feng Yuxiang, who was inclined to the national revolution, and squeezed him out of the center of power through various means, and appointed him as the Northwest Frontier Inspectorate in early 1925, and was reorganized into the Northwest Frontier Army, stationed in Zhangjiakou.
Of course, Feng Yuxiang is not completely without hole cards in his hand, and one of the conditions for compromise is that his confidant Lu Zhonglin serves as the commander of the Beijing garrison and controls the important places in Gyeonggi, which can have the effect of coercing the "Son of Heaven" to order the princes.
At this time, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had begun, and Feng Yuxiang got in touch with the Soviet Union with the help of Li Dazhao, and the Soviet Union promised to assist Feng Yuxiang and send military advisers.
Therefore, Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army nominally belonged to Beiyang, but in fact it was a revolutionary contingent that supported Sun Yat-sen's three major policies.
Duan Qirui. After the May Revolution, Feng Yuxiang made his position clear, telegraphed Duan Qirui to demand unanimous opposition to imperialism, and held an anti-imperialist demonstration meeting of the masses from all walks of life in Zhangjiakou, and even took the lead in singing the "Internationale" and called on officers at all levels of the Northwest Army to donate money to support the patriotic struggle of the workers in Shanghai and Qingdao.
If the friction within the Beiyang warlords can be regarded as a "family matter", then at this moment it is a life-and-death class struggle, and the direct Feng family is united and ready to attack Feng Yuxiang at any time.
The above is the background at that time, let's talk about Xu Shuzheng, after Xu Shuzheng's downfall, he continued his life of unwilling to be lonely and toss forever.
In 1921, he secretly infiltrated Fujian to try to persuade the local Fujian warlord Li Houji to rebel against the upright, but Li Houji did not agree, and he chose to cooperate with Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen. According to the agreement, Xu Shuzheng returned to Fujian, instigated Li Houji's subordinate Wang Yongquan to revolt, set up a government system, and telegraphed to support Duan Qirui and Sun Yat-sen, but he used Wang Yongquan, and Wang Yongquan also used him to grasp real power.
Later, after consultation, Wang Yongquan served as the commander-in-chief, Lin Sen, a Kuomintang, served as the governor, and Xu Shuzheng's bamboo basket was empty.
Then he left Fujian, secluded in Shanghai, in 1924 the direct line of Qi Xieyuan and Anhui Lu Yongxiang between the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War broke out, he repeated the old tricks, and instigated Lu Yongxiang's subordinates to rebel, self-appointed commander-in-chief of the Zhejiang-Shanghai coalition army, but was arrested by the British Concession patrol on charges of engaging in illegal military activities, and once again collapsed in the sand.
After being released from prison on bail, Xu Shuzheng once again "went abroad for investigation" and visited more than 10 countries, including Britain, France, the United States, Germany, the Soviet Union, and Japan, before returning to China at the end of 1925.
Feng Yuxiang. On December 27, he arrived in Beijing as if nothing had happened, and met Duan Qirui, who said that the situation was tense and advised him to leave Beijing as soon as possible.
I don't know which master handed Duan Qirui a note, saying that Xu Shuzheng must not go south, otherwise his life will not be guaranteed, but Xu Shuzheng didn't care, and said with a smile:"Who hinders me, shall I believe this prophecy? ”
As a result, he was shot dead by Feng Yuxiang's order in the early morning of December 30.
After Xu Shuzheng's death, Feng Yuxiang sent Lu Jianzhang's son to the scene and asked him to claim that he was avenging his father.
Xu Shuzheng. But people of insight at that time generally believed that personal enmity was just an excuse, at that time Feng Yuxiang was surrounded by warlords of various departments, and the situation was critical, and Xu Shuzheng was a well-known troublemaker, and he was Duan Qirui's cronies.
Therefore, it is reasonable for Feng Yuxiang to order Xu Shuzheng to be shot.
It can also be seen from this that the old China is divided and scattered, and even if there are one or two capable people, they will not be able to form a joint force, and only by opening up a new road can China be saved.
Revealing: Feng Yuxiang's serial ** case of assassinating Xu Shuzheng".Folk tales.