When building a house, the foundation of the house is crucial. It is directly related to the stability and safety of the house, and the quality of foundation construction also determines the length of the service life of the house. So how is the foundation of the house made? What are the steps?
The foundation practice of the house mainly includes the following steps, you can refer to them:
1. Measurement and pay-off: including preparing measuring instruments, putting control point lines, putting exterior wall lines, and letting go of digging lines.
2. Foundation trench excavation: first by the excavator to explore the point to confirm the soil quality of the foundation, and then according to the construction drawings for foundation trench excavation.
3. Foundation cushion construction: the cushion formwork must be stable and reliable, and the cushion concrete pouring meets the design requirements.
4. Large-scale foot-laying masonry: also called large-scale foot-laying of the foundation, that is, the bottom surface of the foundation is wider than the wall, and it is widened step by step in a step-shaped manner.
5. Geosphere beam construction: it forms a seismic cracking system with the structural column to slow down the negative effect of uneven settlement.
6. Ground leveling and foundation pit excavation: the foundation pit should be excavated in accordance with the design requirements, and the bottom of the foundation pit should be smooth, and the depth and width of the foundation pit should be controlled according to the size and elevation of the design drawings.
7. Foundation pile foundation piling: For building structures with good soil conditions such as clay soil, supporting concrete cast-in-place piles can be selected for foundation connection.
8. Soil drainage and treatment: During the construction process, it is necessary to exclude the groundwater in the foundation and take measures to prevent water backflow. Commonly used drainage methods include open drainage method and artificial groundwater level lowering method. The open drainage method is to set up drainage ditches and water collection wells in the foundation, and use water pumps to discharge water; The artificial groundwater level lowering method is to set up a well-point precipitation system around the foundation to reduce the groundwater to the required depth by pumping water.
9. Reinforced concrete pouring: After completing the above steps, the reinforced concrete needs to be poured into the foundation to form the foundation of the building.
10. Foundation test: for example, pile foundation detection, static load test, etc. These tests can test the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation to ensure the safety and reliability of the building.
How deep the foundation of the house should be
The depth of the foundation of a house depends on a variety of factors, including soil quality, floor height, design requirements, etc. Generally speaking, if a low-rise building with 2 or 3 floors is built, it is enough to drive the foundation to a depth of about 2 meters. If a high-rise building is being built, then the depth of the piling should be up to meters. Of course, the specific construction should be determined according to the situation of the site, and if there is a problem of deviation or displacement, fixed measures should be taken immediately. At the same time, the depth of the foundation should also consider the influence of groundwater, and if the groundwater level is high, the depth of the foundation needs to be increased accordingly.
In addition, the depth of the foundation is also related to the soil quality. If the soil quality is good and relatively uniform, then the depth of the foundation can be reduced accordingly. If the soil quality is poor, such as soft soil, sandy soil, etc., then it is necessary to increase the depth of the foundation and take corresponding reinforcement measures.