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Dong Dan. Phytomics
A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and only when agriculture is strong can the country be strong. The seed industry is at the source of the entire agricultural industry chain and is a national strategic and basic core industry. China attaches great importance to the issue of seed industry, which is based on 'biotechnology + information technology + artificial intelligence + big data technology'Breeding'40’The times are expected to allow China's seed industry to achieve corner overtaking and solve the problem of stuck neck, therefore, it is urgent to promote biological breeding technology and industrialization.
In addition to food crops, cash crops have also become the focus of breeding research. As an important cash crop, tea is cultivated in many countries around the world, and it is a very popular beverage because of its taste, flavor and health benefits, as well as regional cultural attributes.
Recently, led by the team of Wen Weiwei, the National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Horticulture and Horticulture, Huazhong Agricultural University, and a number of research teams (including Thermo Fisher Scientific), published a paper entitled "depicting the genetic and metabolic panorama of chemical diversity in the tea plant"**. Combined with metabolomics, genetics and biochemistry, this paper comprehensively studied the diversity of metabolites in tea plants, which provided rich resources and scientific and technological support for the genetic improvement of tea quality and germplasm resource mining. The Q ExActive Plus Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry platform combined with the TSQ Quantis triple quadrupole LC/MS was provided for this studyData with high mass accuracy and excellent stability for combined analysis of metabolomic and genomic data
First of allThe researchers conducted a large-scale metabolomics study on 215 tea germplasm resources by combining Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry and TSQ Quantit, and detected 2837 metabolites in two different tissue samples (YL and TL), of which 1098 compounds were annotated and classified, and 63 compounds were accurately identified by comparison with standards. The metabolite isomers and modification networks were further constructed. Hydroxylation and glycosylation are usually the most significant modifications in plant metabolism, and it is interesting to note that galloylation is the most abundant type of modification in the tea metabolome, rather than hydroxylation or glycosylation.
NextThe researchers performed metabolite genome-wide association analysis (MGWAS) based on metabolite genome-wide association analysis (MGWAS) on two tissues (YL and TL) to identify genome-wide MQTLs to reveal the genetic basis of metabolite diversity in tea plants. Flavonoids are one of the most characteristic metabolites of tea plant, and the flavonoid synthesis pathway is further studied at the end of this paper. The biosynthesis pathway of tea tree flavonoids was expanded through two identified MQTLs, including functional candidate genes CSUGTA, CSUgtb, and CSCcoaomt.
Q ExActive Plus Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer.
TSQ Quantis Triple Quadrupole LC/MS.
This study provides the most abundant resources for the study of chemical diversity of tea, lays a solid scientific foundation for the genetic improvement and germplasm resource mining of tea plants, and deepens our understanding of the genetics of chemical diversity of tea plants.
summary
In recent years, with the rapid development of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epimics and other technologies, focusing on core germplasm resources, carrying out all-round multi-omics research, and breaking data silos will be the key development direction in the field of biological breeding. Metabolomics is the bridge between genotype and phenotype, and the genome-wide association analysis of metabolites can accurately locate and control metabolic phenotype-related candidate genes in batches, and study the mechanisms related to the regulation of crop nutrition and quality, which is helpful to deeply explore and utilize excellent genes and cultivate new varieties, and further promote the rapid development of China's breeding industry and agriculture.
Expert interviews. Wen Weiwei (National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Horticulture, Professor, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University).
Q: Could you please talk about the difficulty of this study?
A: Tea tree is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and other secondary metabolites, these metabolites have many types and complex structures, and their structure identification and annotation is a major difficulty.
Q: What role did the Q ExActive Plus high-resolution mass spectrometer and TSQ Quantis play in this study?
A: In this study, the Q ExActive Plus high-resolution mass spectrometer is an important guarantee for the structural identification and annotation of metabolites. TSQ Quantis exerts the advantages of faster and more accurate quantitation, improves research efficiency, and lays a good foundation for subsequent genetic and biochemical analysis.
Q: Could you please talk about the help of analyzing the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of tea plants for the study of tea germplasm resources?
Answer: Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites rich in tea trees, which play an important role in the regulation of flavor quality and resistance to adversity in tea trees. The analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in tea plants can lay a foundation for the study of the mechanism of tea quality formation and resistance, and the subsequent genetic improvement of tea quality and resistance.
Expert Profile:
Weiwei Wen, Ph.D., Professor, Doctoral Supervisor. In recent years, genomic and metabolomic studies have been carried out on important horticultural crops such as tea trees, the first ancient tea plant genome assembly has been completed, the breeding process of tea plants in China has been revealed, and the genome typing of tea plants based on single-cell sequencing has been completed for the first time, and the synthesis pathways of amino acids, flavonoids and alkaloids in tea plants have been analyzed. In recent years, he has published more than 40 SCI articles, presided over more than 10 scientific research projects, and served as an editorial board member of international journals such as Journal of Experimental Botany and Beverage Plant Research.
References. 1] hj qiu, xl zhang, yj zhang , et al. depicting the genetic and metabolic panorama of chemical diversity in the tea plant [j]. plant biotechnology, 2023.
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Phytomics