After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, he divided the princes and princes, but it caused the phenomenon of repeated rebellions of heroes in the early Han Dynasty, which was unforeseeable in all dynasties and generations.
1. Yan Wang Zang Di.
According to the "Historical Records of Gaozu Benji", in October, Zang Tu, the king of Yan, rebelled and captured the land of Dai. When Liu Bang heard the news, he personally led the army to crusade, and finally captured Zang Tu. The "Historical Records" also mentions that Zang Tuyuan was a brave general of the Yan State during the Warring States Period, and later followed Chen Sheng's uprising. Chen Sheng sent his generals to capture the land of Zhao, and the ministers established themselves as the king of Zhao, and then sent Zang Di to capture the land of Yan. Zang Di lived up to expectations, successfully won the Yan land, and established himself as the king of Yan. He once led the army to rescue Zhao, participated in the Battle of Julu, and entered the customs with Xiang Yu after the war. In order to contain Han Guang, Xiang Yu named Zang Tu as the king of Yan, and renamed Han Guang as the king of Liaodong. However, Han Guang was extremely dissatisfied with this, and Zang Di took the opportunity to destroy Han Guang and officially became the king of Yan.
When Han Xin pacified the state of Qi, he wisely adopted Li Zuoche's suggestion and sent an envoy to recruit An Zang Di. Zang Di judged the situation and chose to surrender Liu Bang directly. During the Chu-Han War, Zang Di did not participate in any battles. However, just after Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and took over the world, Zang Di chose to rebel. This time, Liu Bang had to personally go out and lead the army to quell the rebellion. After a fierce battle, he successfully captured Zang Di.
The reason why Zang Di rebelled against Liu Bang may have stemmed from the special interest bond between him and Xiang Yu. As a former general, Zang Di was named the King of Yan because he followed Xiang Yu to participate in the Battle of Julu and entered the customs together. His relationship with Xiang Yu can be described as extraordinary, Xiang Yu used Zang Di to successfully attack the former Yan King Han Guang, and included Yan Kingdom in his sphere of influence, Zang Tu contributed a lot.
During the Chu-Han War, Zang Di chose to take refuge in Liu Bang, but he judged the situation and saw the wind to steer the rudder. However, there is no deep foundation of trust between him and Liu Bang. Zang Di has a ghost in his heart and is worried that Liu Bang will harm him. Coupled with the fact that the Yan Kingdom was located in the remote north, and the mountains were high and the emperor was far away, Zang Di thought that he had enough capital to compete with Liu Bang.
Based on these considerations, Zang Di will raise an army to rebel against Liu Bang.
Second, Liji. It is recorded in the Historical Records of Gaozu Benji that the autumn wind is stiff, and the beacon fire of Liji's rebellion is burning. Gaozu Liu Bang personally led his army and was determined to put down this rebellion. Li Ji, who was Xiang Yu's right-hand man, served as the county commander of Chen County during the Chu-Han War. However, under the giant wheel of history, he chose to take refuge in Liu Bang and was named the marquis of a county in Yingchuan County.
After Liu Bang defeated Zang Di, he was on the roster and convened all the marquis to discuss the matter. Liji was also summoned, perhaps because he was ashamed, he was worried that his secret would be revealed, and he would be sanctioned by Liu Bang. Driven by this panic, he chose to rebel. However, who is Liu Bang? He personally led his army into battle, and Liji's resistance seemed so insignificant in front of the powerful Han army. In the end, Li was defeated and disappeared into the fog of history.
Liu Bang's strategy is actually deeply hidden. He repeatedly convened the marquis to discuss the matter, which undoubtedly caused huge psychological pressure on those who had ghosts in their hearts. They were afraid of the revelation of secrets and Liu Bang's sanctions, so driven by fear, they took risks and rebelled. And Liu Bang took the opportunity to calm down one by one and consolidate his country.
3. Han Xin, Marquis of Huaiyin.
According to the Records of Gaozu Benji, in the cold winter of 201 BC, someone secretly reported that Han Xin, the king of Chu, was suspected of rebellion. This news stirred up a thousand waves like a stone, causing an uproar in the court. Liu Bang asked the opinions of the ministers on the left and right, and the ministers asked for help, wanting to get rid of them as soon as possible. And Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin, a hero who has made great achievements, has become a figure on the cusp at this time.
Obviously, Han Shin was wronged. This is just someone who is jealous of his talent, or has insight into the suspicion in Liu Bang's heart, and deliberately did it. Deep down, Liu Bang was actually happy to see such false accusations, because it provided him with an excellent opportunity to eradicate Han Xin. Han Xin once used the critical opportunity of the Battle of Qixia to threaten Liu Bang to become king, which undoubtedly touched Liu Bang's backlash.
Liu Bang adopted Chen Ping's strategy, pretended to inspect Yunmengze, and met with the princes in Chen County. Just when Han Xin came to see him, he was quietly arrested by Liu Bang, and since then he has lost his freedom and was demoted to the Marquis of Huaiyin.
According to the Historical Records: The Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin, when Liu Bang personally led the army to quell the rebellion of Chen Xian, Han Xin said that he was ill and did not go to help in the war. Behind the scenes, he conspired with his retainers to issue a false edict to pardon prisoners and slaves, intending to launch them to attack Empress Lü and the crown prince. After everything was deployed, they waited for news from Chen Xuan.
However, one of Han Xin's retainers denounced his plot to Empress Lü. Empress Lü discussed countermeasures with Xiao He, and finally lured Han Xin into the palace, and Empress Lü directly ordered Han Xin and his three clans to be killed.
Han Xin's life can be described as magnificent, with ups and downs. From the first time he was falsely accused of rebellion and was degraded, to the second real rebellion, the historical records are conclusive. It is no wonder that Han Xin will embark on this road of no return, after all, he has the grand ambition of being crowned king and worshipping the prime minister in his heart, but the reality has given him endless bitterness and disappointment. In the whirlpool of power, he finally chose to rebel, leaving behind regrets and sighs for the ages.
Fourth, the generation of Chen Xuan.
Chen Xuan, whose origin is unknown, emerged in the war-torn era. He led 500 righteous soldiers to join Liu Bang and fought bloodily to overthrow the rule of the Qin Dynasty. After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, he was made a marquis, and glory and power coexisted. In the flames of the Chu-Han War, he served as a guerrilla general, fought bravely and well, and followed Han Xin and Zhang Er to pacify the country, and made outstanding achievements.
When Zang Di rebelled, he followed Liu Bang without hesitation, showing loyalty and bravery. Then, he was named Yangxiahou, and the power leaned to one side. Liu Bang entrusted him with an important task and ordered him to be the acting minister of the country and lead the border guards of Zhao and Dai. For a time, Chen Xuan's power leaned towards one side and his status was prominent.
However, as his power grew, Chen's heart began to swell. He recruits a wide range of customers, is ambitious, and dreams of winning the world like Liu Bang. Zhou Chang saw it in his eyes and worried in his heart, and played Liu Bang on this matter. At this time, Chen Feng is no longer the hot-blooded young man who led 500 righteous men to Liu Bang, and power has corrupted his original intention.
What's more complicated is that Chen Xuan's relationship with Han Wangxin, Huaiyin Hou Han Xin and others is complicated. Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin, had high hopes for Chen Feng and encouraged him to rebel. And Han Wangxin, in order to fight against Liu Bang, also tried to unite with Chen Xuan. In this whirlpool of power, Chen Feng has become a pawn in the competition between various forces.
Fifth, Han Wangxin.
In the waves of history, there are two Han Xin, in order to distinguish, one is honored as the Marquis of Huaiyin, and the other is the protagonist of our story today - Han Wangxin. He is a descendant of the Korean royal family during the Warring States period, tall, mighty and majestic, with 196 meters. When Liu Bang captured the homeland of Korea, he appointed Han Wangxin as a general and led him into the stage of history.
After Liu Bang pacified the Three Qins, Han Wangxin was named the Korean Imperial Lieutenant and held a heavy army. He was brave and fearless, led the army to capture the homeland of Korea, defeated Zheng Chang, the king of Han who was divided by Xiang Yu, and captured more than a dozen cities. His brilliant achievements earned him the trust of Liu Bang and he was named King of Han.
However, in the smoke of the Chu-Han War, Han Wangxin's fate took a turn. Once, the Chu army broke through Xingyang, and he reluctantly took refuge in the Chu army. But the loyalty in his heart drove him to switch to Liu Bang again. After the unification of the world, Liu Bang moved him to Jinyang to defend against the invasion of the Xiongnu.
In battles against the Xiongnu, Han Wangxin's army was repeatedly defeated. In the midst of the predicament, he chose to send an envoy to sue for peace with the Xiongnu. However, this move aroused Liu Bang's suspicions. Liu Bang suspected that he had two hearts and sent someone to reproach him. At this time, Han Wangxin was in a dilemma, he was worried about being killed, and he was unable to resist the powerful offensive of the Xiongnu. So, he agreed with the Xiongnu to jointly attack the Han Dynasty, and finally surrendered to the Xiongnu at Mayi and attacked Taiyuan instead.
His rebellion may have been forced into a helpless choice. It is recorded in the "Historical Records of Han Xinlie": "The letter envoy Hu begged for reconciliation. Han sent soldiers to save him, and he suspected that there were several envoys, and he had two hearts, so that people could give up the letter. In the battle with the Huns, he lost more than he won and could not get out of the situation. Although his act of seeking peace was not tolerated by Liu Bang, in that case, it was indeed a helpless move. If Liu Bang could understand his suffering, perhaps history would be different. However, the torrent of history rolled forward, and Han Wangxin's rebellion became a regret after all.
Sixth, Liang Wang Peng Yue.
Peng Yue, the valiant prince-king, was very different from the other princes and kings under Liu Bang. He did not rely entirely on Liu Bang, but thrived on his own. Peng Yue's help to Liu Bang was no less than that of Han Xin and Yingbu, the Marquis of Huaiyin. He was originally a bandit, but after Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebelled, he gathered a group of like-minded people to fight against the tyrannical Qin. Over time, his power grew. When Xiang Yu divided the world, Peng Yue failed to get a reward, but he was not discouraged. Qi Guotian Rong's invitation led him to form an alliance with Peng Yue to fight against the powerful Xiang Yu.
After Liu Bang rebelled against Chu, Peng Yue established a close alliance with him. Before the Battle of Qixia, Liu Bang named Peng Yue as the king of Liang, which was a recognition and reward for Peng Yue's strength. However, when Chen Feng rebelled, Peng Yue only sent generals to support Liu Bang on the grounds of illness, and did not go out in person. Despite this, Liu Bang was still dissatisfied with Peng Yue and sent people to reproach him. At this time, Peng Yue was full of panic in his heart and was ready to ask Liu Bang for guilt in person.
However, Peng Yue had a general named Hu Yu under him, who had a bad heart and persuaded Peng Yue to rebel. Peng Yue clearly distinguished between right and wrong, resolutely rejected the proposal, and at the same time did not hold Hu Yu accountable. However, fate brought tragedy to Peng Yue. His servant reported to Liu Bang that Peng Yue had rebelled, and Liu Bang immediately sent envoys to arrest Peng Yue. After the trial of the relevant departments, although Peng Yue was found guilty, Liu Bang did not execute him out of pity, but only deposed him as a civilian and exiled him to Shudi.
On the way to Shudi, Peng Yue met Empress Lü. He was full of anticipation that Empress Lü would intercede for him, but Empress Lü privately brought Peng Yue back to the capital and instructed someone to falsely accuse him of rebellion. After another trial, Liu Bang finally agreed to execute Peng Yue. Compared with other rebellious princes and kings, the experience of Peng Yue, the king of Liang, was particularly unjust. He was always an innocent man and never rebelled.
Seventh, Huainan Wang Yingbu.
Yingbu, born as a prisoner, gathered thousands of like-minded heroes to rise up against Qin. Later, he became Wu Rui's son-in-law. In the magnificent anti-Qin war, Yingbu resolutely took refuge in Xiang Liang and became a strong force in the anti-Qin forces. During the Battle of Julu, he moved forward bravely, served as Xiang Yu's striker, and made great achievements in overthrowing the tyrannical Qin. When Xiang Yu divided the world, Yingbu was named the king of Jiujiang and had a prominent reputation.
However, the smoke clouds of the Chu-Han War put Yingbu in a difficult situation. Because he did not personally accompany Xiang Yu on the expedition, he was suspicious and fell into a situation of isolation and helplessness. At this turning point in history, Liu Bang was keenly aware of Yingbu's predicament and skillfully persuaded him. Yingbu judged the situation and took refuge in Liu Bang, becoming an important force in the Chu-Han War.
The rebellion of Yingbu seems to have arisen for no reason, but in fact it has been brewing for a long time. An unfounded suspicion, he suspected that his concubine was having an affair with the physician Ben He, and he was furious and wanted to kill Ben He. Ben He fled after hearing the news and reported Yingbu's rebellion to Liu Bang. Worried that he would become the next prince to be eradicated, Yingbu rebelled.
There are two major reasons behind the rebellion of the British and Bu. First, the other princes and kings were killed one after another, which made Yingbu deeply feel that he had a bad fate and had to prepare for war secretly, which is human nature. The second is that the unwarranted concubine turmoil made Yingbu fall into a desperate situation and had to rise up. In this torrent of history, Yingbu's life is like a drama of ups and downs, full of tragedy and legend.
Eighth, Zhao Xiangguan Gao.
In the state of Zhao, Guan Gao served as the minister of the country, assisting Zhang Ao, the king of Zhao, who was Liu Bang's son-in-law. However, the harmony between the monarch and the minister was broken by an arrogant trip by Liu Bang. By chance, Liu Bang passed through Zhao State, and Zhang Ao served humbly, but in exchange for Liu Bang's contempt and scolding. This made Guan Gao unable to sit idly by, and was determined to make this breath for King Zhao, and planned an assassination operation against Liu Bang. However, the operation was not successful, and Liu Bang expressed his admiration for Guan Gao's righteous act and pardoned them. Knowing that Zhang Ao, the king of Zhao, was also pardoned, Guan Gao chose to commit suicide, and although Zhang Ao, the king of Zhao, was not involved in the matter, he was deprived of the throne and demoted to the title of Marquis of Xuanping.
Nine, Yan Wang Lu Xuan.
Lu Juan is a very special person, he and Liu Bang were born in the same year, the same month and the same day, the two grew up together, and the relationship is very good, although Lu Juan does not have much credit, but Liu Bang still named Lu Juan as the king of Yan, in order to replace the rebellious king of Yan Zang Di.
Lu Xuan's rebellion stemmed from the interweaving of three factors: first, he was deceived by his subordinates. When Chen Fan rebelled, Lu Juan also sent an envoy to the Xiongnu to ask not to help Chen Xuan, but the envoy Zhang Sheng was persuaded by Zang Yan, the son of Zang Di, and persuaded Lu Juan to secretly communicate with the Xiongnu and Chen Xuan. When Lu Juan wanted to punish Zhang Sheng, Zhang Sheng's anti-persuasion ability was once again demonstrated, causing him to miss every step on major issues of principle, and finally slid into the abyss of rebellion.
Secondly, Lu Xuan's rebellion was closely linked to Chen Xuan's rebellion. Following Zhang Sheng's plan, Lu Juan colluded with Chen Xuan in private, but unexpectedly, the matter was exposed by Chen Xuan's subordinates, which touched the taboo of rebellion.
Moreover, the miscommunication between the two sides has also exacerbated the conflict. Liu Bang had no intention of killing Lu Juan, but only hoped to summon him to meet him to solve his doubts, but Lu Juan did not dare to answer the call because of fear. When Liu Bang began to send people to investigate, Lu Xuan's panic increased day by day. In addition, Han Xin, Peng Yue and others were killed one after another, and Lu Juan felt the danger of losing his lips and teeth, so he rebelled.
Looking at the rebels, although there are all kinds of rebels, the key is nothing more than strength. Those who have the strength have the capital to rebel. And things like deception, collusion, miscommunication, etc., are nothing more than predisposing factors. There are very few truly innocent people. Although Peng Yue was persuaded by his subordinates, he did not deal with it, and was eventually convicted.
To sum up, these people's rebellion against Liu Bang has their own reasons and commonalities: the interweaving of strength and inducements constitutes the dual driving force of the rebellion.
Yan Wang Zang Di, Li Ji, Huaiyin Marquis Han Xin (second rebellion), Dai Xiang Chen Xuan, Han Wangxin, Huainan Wang Yingbu, Zhao Xiangguangao, and Yan Wang Lu Juan were the first to take the initiative to rebel, only Liang Wang Peng Yue was an exception.
In the environment at that time, in order to maintain the stability of the regime, Liu Bang must have attacked these princes and kings with different surnames who were easy to rebel, as long as he was loyal to Liu Bang and did not violate the law, Liu Bang did not deliberately harm the princes and kings. For example, Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, was able to die well, Wu Rui was born in the county order of the Qin Dynasty, or a descendant of Goujian, the king of Yue, and was named the king of Hengshan by Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang still let Wu Rui die a good death.
In addition to the princes and kings with different surnames, only Li Ji and Chen Feng rebelled and were killed among the 143 princes divided by Liu Bang, and the rest all died well.
Liu Bang