1. Prepare for construction
1. Operation preparation: the waterproofing construction of the slope roof is completed.
2. Manpower allocation: technicians, constructors, safety officers, bricklayers, plasterers, carpenters, waterproofers, strong workers and other personnel are allocated according to the actual project.
3. Preparation of materials.
3.1. Description.
a. The main and accessory tiles of the roof should be calculated according to the roof drawing or on-site measurement.
b. All materials should meet the design requirements of national standards and industry standards and related specifications.
c. All main and auxiliary materials should fully consider the loss of materials. Including the loss of transportation, loading and unloading, construction and use.
3.2. Preparation of equipment and tools.
3.2.1. Large-scale equipment such as hoisting equipment uses the existing equipment of the general contractor.
3.3.2. Handy tools: ink box, line pendant, 5m ruler, 50m tape measure, more than 2m ruler, level, brick knife, shovel, trowel, claw hammer, hammer, portable electric toothless cutting saw, shovel and other necessary tools and testing instruments.
Second, the construction method and steps of hanging tiles
Acceptance of the base layer - fixed along the water strip and gable, cornice, drainage ditch strips - pay-off to determine the position of the hanging tile, and fix the hanging tile - inclined ditch laying - main tile laying (installation of wind-resistant buckle, tile interception buckle) - ridge tile laying (installation of ridge tile buckle) - roof flashing node treatment - horizontal cornice treatment - cleaning roof - delivery acceptance.
1. Acceptance of the base layer, basic requirements and specifications.
Description: The 3rd floor machine floor and the 8th floor main roof water strip specification is 50 100;The rest of the styling of the water strip specification is 30 40;The installation spacing is 450-600mm.
Hanging tile specifications 30 40 (small upward), installation spacing 260mm.
The water strips and hanging tile strips are made of finished antiseptic wood.
The hanging tile strip is fixed with 60mm long galvanized round nails or galvanized screws.
The cross-section of the main roof is 50 100, and the cross-section of the roof of the modeling hanging tile is 30 40
On the main roof, the 50 100 wooden water strip is fixed on the waterproof layer with 8 200 galvanized bolts, the bolt spacing is 500, and the spacing of the water strip is 600mm. After the water strip is fixed, the polyurethane is brushed at the position of the planting bolt of the water strip, and the nailed wood hanging tile strip is laid on the water strip.
On the roof, 30 40 wood water strips are nailed to the waterproof layer with 7 steel nails, and the spacing of steel nails is 300, and the spacing of water strips is 600mm. After the water strip is fixed, the side and horizontal plane of the water strip are fully brushed with polyurethane, and the polyurethane is brushed on each side of the side of the water strip in 5 ranges. Lay nail wood and hang tiles on the water strips.
The 100-thick extruded polystyrene board and 100-thick rock wool fireproof isolation belt are paved between the water strips.
2. The amount of hanging tile and elastic line.
1) The first hanging tile strip of the cornice should ensure that the tile head is 70mm outside the eaves (or out of the eaves) (that is, the structural surface is 90mm).
2) The buckle length of the tile head and the tile house of the upper and lower rows of flat tiles is 50-70mm, and the top two hanging tiles on the two slopes at the ridge should ensure that after hanging the tiles, the spacing of the two tile houses is not less than 40mm on each side of the ridge tile.
3) hanging tile section is 30 40, the length is generally not less than the purlin spacing, the hanging tile must be straight (especially to ensure the straightness of the upper mouth of the hanging tile), when nailing the tile, it is necessary to check the consistency of the hanging tile spacing size at any time, in order to ensure that the size is accurate, it can be accurate at both ends of a slope.
Measure the spacing of the tiles, and hang the tiles through the long pull wire.
4) Hang tile strips and brush asphalt oil for anti-corrosion.
3. Oblique gutter and oblique ridge base.
4. Laying of the main tile.
Hanging tile order from the cornice from bottom to top, from right to left, the cornice tile should pick out the cornice 70mm, the tile back claws should be hung on the hanging tile, and the left and lower two tile grooves are tightly sealed, pay attention to the tile surface, corrugated vertical, do not meet the quality requirements of the tile can not be laid. In order to ensure the smoothness and straightness of the tile, a diagonal line should be pulled from the roof ridge to the cornice, that is, the oblique line is aligned with the right foot of the first tile of the roof ridge, and the second tile of the second row and the third tile of the third row in order until the lower right corner of the cornice tile, all of which are on the straight line, and then paved one by one from bottom to top, so that the tile ditch can be straight, neat and beautiful. The flat tile is fixed to the hanging tile strip with 3 stainless steel wood screws. The lap of the tile should follow the prevailing wind direction to prevent water leakage. The cornice tile should be paved in a straight line, and the tile at the gutter should be sawn according to the width and slope. The whole slope tile should be smooth, arranged horizontally and vertically, without warping angle and mouth opening.
5. The main tile at the inclined ridge is cut.
First hang the whole tile (or choose the available missing side tile), the ditch edge requires the width of the cover not less than 150mm, pop out the ink line, make up the number, cut off the excess tile surface (it is best to use a hacksaw to see it off, to ensure that the saw edge is straight), and then hang it in the order of numbers, and hang the flat tile edge at the oblique ridge according to the above method, so as to ensure that the ridge tile laps the flat tile on each side not less than 40mm. The flat tiles at the inclined ridge and inclined ditch should ensure that part of the tile surface appliances are used.
6. How to use the tile buckle Hang the tile strip along the water.
Description: The main tile is installed from right to left, from bottom to top.
Description: The tile clipping buckle will be safely and quickly fixed on the inclined ridge or hanging tile strip without drilling holes on the tile, which makes the time for laying the ridge tile greatly shortened, and the tile cutting buckle is struck on the tile with a hammer, and only one knock can make the buckle firmly buckle the broken tile. Tile cut-off buckles are suitable for various tile types.
Cutting of the inclined ridge bunk:
Cut the tiles to the desired size at the inclined ridge and try to get as close to the inclined ridge as possible (the distance between the sliver of the inclined ridge and the buckle is about 2 . ）
Installing the Tile Cut-off Buckle:
Knock the buckle on the cut tile, try to knock it on the flat part of the tile surface, and never install the buckle in the lap area of the tile.
Fasten the clipping tackle to the support:
Nails or screws (which must be corrosion-resistant) are driven into the strips of wood that are in place, the wire of the buckle is firmly tied to the nails or screws, and the screws or nails are hammered firm.
7. Laying of ridge tiles and heads.
When hanging flat ridges and oblique ridge ridges, long lines should be pulled through, paved and hung straight, and 1:2 should be used when buckle ridge tiles5. The cement mortar is laid flat, and the gap between the ridge tile interface and the ridge tile and the flat tile should be scraped with the mortar of the anti-crack fiber, and the lap between the ridge tile and the flat tile is not less than 40mm on each sideThe joint port of the flat tile should follow the dominant wind direction;The joint mouth of the oblique ridge is downward, that is, laid from the bottom to the top, and the junction of the flat tile and the oblique ridge should be sealed with hemp ash ash. The paved flat and oblique ridges are straight and undulating.
8. Roof flashing node treatment
Fix with screws or steel nails.
Junction (including dorsal junction, vertical junction, horizontal junction). Polymer dry mortar is used on site with water in proportion. The node should be convex and thickened, and the upper return from the node should be 250mm, and the thickness of 20mm should be combined with the outer wall of the structure. The practice is divided into two lives, and the second plastering is carried out after the first plastering is dry. After the polymer dry powder plaster is all dried, it is coated twice with a special paint of the same color as the main tile.
This method is suitable for gables, chimneys, manholes, dormer windows, canopies, etc. Be careful not to contaminate the tile surface. If there is any pollution, it should be cleaned up in time.
9. Treatment of horizontal cornice.
The ventilation and exhaust condensate holes are arranged in the center of the distance between the two downstream strips. Practice, such as plastering the horizontal cornice with mortar, should first leave a length of not less than 200mm, 15-20 plastic pipe, the lower part of the pipe should be close to the roof base.
10. Roof cleaning.
After the roof tiles are laid. Clean up all kinds of materials and garbage on the roof in a timely and thorough manner. Focus on cleaning up the dirt that pollutes the tile surface. All node structures should be coated with the same color as the main tile twice. If damaged tiles and other construction quality problems are found during cleaning, they should be repaired in time.
3. Precautions for construction:
1. The tiles of the flat roof do not have defects such as missing corners (edges, tile grasping), sand holes, cracks, and warping openings. The roof after laying must not be permeated with water (can be inspected after rain).
2. The hanging tile should be flat, the lap is tight, horizontal and vertical, and a row of tiles on the roof ridge should be hung with the whole tile, and the eaves of the cornice tile are of the same size, and the cornice is straight and neat.
3. The eaves should be straight, and the gaps between the ridge tiles and the flat tiles, the gaps between the inclined ditch tiles and the drainage ditches should be filled with hemp mortar and smoothed and sealed tightly.
4. It is strictly forbidden to pollute the tile surface for a long time during construction, and it should be cleaned up with the paving.
5. When hoisting and handling tiles, they should be handled with care, and they should be neat when stacking, generally not more than 5 layers.
6. Rubber-soled cloth shoes should be worn during construction to avoid gravity stepping on the tile surface.
7. The natural temperature of the color tile paint is above 100, and the overcoated part must be dried to make it waterproof and colorless.
Fourth, safety and civilized construction measures
1. Before the construction of the project, safety technology should be disclosed and safety education should be carried out step by step, and all safety technical measures and personal protective equipment should be implemented.
2. Construction personnel must wear safety helmets and fasten chin straps when entering the construction site.
3. Construction personnel are not allowed to wear spike boots and hard-soled boots.
4. Construction personnel are not allowed to work after drinking and are not allowed to work with illness.
5. Aerial workers must fasten their safety belts, and those with fear of heights and high blood pressure are not allowed to work at heights.
6. Non-electricians are not allowed to connect and move wires and electrical appliances without permission.
7. There shall be no probe board for the erection of the scaffold board, and the stacking of materials on the scaffold board shall not exceed the allowable load of the board.
5. Regulations on the safe operation of high-altitude workers
1. Before construction, wear complete personal protective equipment, otherwise construction shall not be carried out.
2.When defects and hidden dangers are found in the safety technical facilities for high-altitude work in construction, they must be solved in a timely mannerIf personal safety is endangered, the operation must be stopped.
3.Safety signs, tools, instruments, electrical facilities and various equipment in aerial work must be inspected before construction to confirm that they are in good condition before they can be put into construction. When defects and hidden dangers are found in the safety technical facilities for high-altitude work in construction, they must be solved in a timely mannerIf personal safety is endangered, the operation must be stopped.
4.When working at height in rain and snow, reliable anti-skid, cold and freeze protection measures must be taken. All water, ice and frost should be removed in time. For high-rise buildings that carry out high-altitude operations, lightning protection facilities should be set up in advance. In case of severe weather such as winds and dense fog above level 6, it is not allowed to carry out open-air climbing and suspended high-altitude operations, after a snowstorm and typhoon rain, the safety facilities for high-altitude operations should be inspected one by one, and if it is found that there are loose, deformed, damaged or falling off, it should be repaired and improved immediately.
5.All objects that may fall in the construction site should be removed or fixed first. The materials used in high-altitude operations should be stacked smoothly and not hinder passage and loading and unloading. Tools should be placed in the tool bag at hand;The walkway, passage board and climbing equipment in the operation should be cleaned at any time;Dismantled objects and wastes should be cleaned up and transported away in a timely manner, and should not be placed or discarded at will. It is forbidden to throw the passing object.
6.When the safety protection facilities must be temporarily dismantled or changed due to operation, the consent of the person in charge of construction must be obtained, and corresponding reliable measures must be taken, and the operation should be resumed immediately.
7. The materials used in high-altitude work should be stacked smoothly.
8. Operators should go up and down from the verified passages, and shall not climb in non-specified passages such as balconies, nor shall they arbitrarily use construction equipment such as crane booms to climb;When going up and down the ladder, you must face the ladder and you must not hold utensils in your hands.
9. Under special circumstances, if there are no reliable safety facilities, you must fasten the safety belt and buckle the safety hook, or set up a safety net.