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Text丨Editor: Tell history from afar.
Preface. In the history of Chinese agriculture, there are two names that will always be worth remembering: ** and Yuan Longping. The former leader of the country may be a politician in the eyes of many, but his contributions to agriculture, especially his support for hybrid riceBut little is known. Yuan Longping, known as the "father of hybrid rice", has not only changed China, but also affected the world.
These two people, one is a supporter and the other is a practitioner, and their stories are touching. Did you know that without the strong support of ***, there may not be the glory of hybrid rice. So how did the country's leader spark with an agricultural scientist,What about the joint promotion of China's great progress in agriculture? Let's go with Xiao Yao to see what's going on.
In 1949, the People's Republic of China was born. At this turning point in history, China is moving from the years of war to peacebuilding. However, the war has been deeply traumatized, with agricultural infrastructure almost destroyed and the population living without food. At this critical juncture, a young mind makes an important choice at the crossroads of history.
He is Yuan Longping, a recent high school graduate facing a decision about his future career path. Despite coming from a family of intellectuals, his father was a respected civil servantHis mother was a teacher, and instead of choosing a comfortable city job, Yuan Longping decided to devote himself to studying agriculture, which was undoubtedly an unexpected choice at the time.
Yuan Longping's childhood experienced the circulation of many places in ChinaBeiping, Chongqing, Wuhan ......These places left him not only with a multicultural experience, but also with a deep feeling of barrenness and hunger in the vast land of China. These experiences have profoundly influenced him and inspired him to change this.
His parents, surprised when they learned of his decision, chose to understand and support him. They recognized that while studying agriculture could mean giving up some of the conveniences of city lifeBut this is a path that can truly contribute to society. So Yuan Longping stepped into the door of the Department of Agronomy of Chongqing Xianghui University, which was an important starting point of his life journey.
During his study career, another war of the country, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, was raging. Patriotism prompted Yuan Longping to sign up for the army, hoping to become a pilot. His outstanding performance allowed him to pass the medical examination and political examination with easeBut in the end, he was told that what the country needed more was talents for economic construction. This decision changed the trajectory of his destiny and contributed an outstanding scientist to the world's agricultural science. After graduation, Yuan Longping chose to work at Anjiang Agricultural School in Huaihua, Hunan. He spent 18 years of teaching at Anjiang Agricultural School.
In 1959, China went through a difficult timeKnown as the "Three Years of Natural Disaster", this period saw severe food shortages and famine across the country. By chance in July 1960, Yuan Longping discovered a rice plant in the experimental field of Anjiang Agricultural School, which was different and aroused his strong interest. He began to study the rice plant in earnest, and after a series of experiments, he speculated that it was a natural hybrid rice. For Yuan Longping, this discovery seems to be the arrangement of fateThe seeds were planted for his later scientific career.
Yuan Longping decided to conduct further experiments, and he artificially removed the male flowers of this ricePollination is then carried out with pollen from other varieties in an attempt to create a new hybrid. In the spring of 1961, he sowed the seeds of this rice plant in the experimental field of the Anjiang Agricultural School. The seeds planted germinated and grew, and the results confirmed Yuan Longping's conjecture.
This achievement sparked his ambition to use the power of agricultural science, especially rice hybridization, to combat the menace that starved the people. He began the male sterility test of rice. For the next five years, he devoted himself to scientific researchIt wasn't until February 28, 1966 that he published his first article, "Male Infertility in Rice".
This article caused a sensation in the academic community, especially Zhao Quartz, the director of the Ninth Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission at that timeHe expressed great interest and support for Yuan's research. Zhao Quartz not only sent a letter to the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission and Anjiang Agricultural School to support Yuan Longping's research, but also reported the situation to the Secretary of the Party Committee of the State Science and Technology Commission. **Naturally supportive for such forward-looking research activities.
Zhao Quartz acted quickly and issued urgent instructions to the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission and the Anjiang Agricultural School in the official nameThey were asked to do everything in their power to support Yuan's research. During this period, *** was holding important positions in Hunan Province. **Since the age of 28, he has worked in Hunan Province and has served as the secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and vice governor. Under his leadership, Hunan, a province known as the "land of fish and rice", is struggling to recover from a long period of war and poverty. Although Hunan is rich in natural resources, years of turmoil and a weak agricultural foundation have led to a sharp decline in grain production, which has directly affected the basic living needs of the people.
** Well aware of this, so when Zhao Quartz's instructions arrived,He immediately recognized the significance of Yuan Longping's research. He knows very well that increasing grain production in Hunan and even the whole country is the key to solving the problem of food and clothing for the people.
Therefore, under the active promotion of the state, the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission and Anjiang Agricultural School quickly responded to the instructions of the State Science and Technology CommissionIt provides strong support for Yuan Longping's research on hybrid rice. At this critical juncture, the full support of Hunan Province has undoubtedly added a strong impetus to Yuan Longping's research and held up a big umbrella for China's food security.
Yuan Longping's research on hybrid rice has just begunChina has entered a challenging phase. Due to the turbulence of the social environment, many scientific research projects have encountered unprecedented difficulties and even had to be suspended. For Yuan, this period of time is particularly challenging. The rice seedlings he had worked so hard to cultivate were completely destroyed overnight, which was undoubtedly a heavy blow to him.
For a scholar who is devoted to agricultural science researchThe significance of the experimental field is extraordinary, it is not only a base for researchIt is also the source of results. When Yuan Longping found that his efforts had come to naught, he felt extreme pain and anger. But in that special historical period, as an ordinary agricultural school teacher, he was faced with a situation of powerlessness. Although his heart was full of helplessness and grief, Yuan Longping could only accept this reality and silently bear all the difficulties and challenges.
Fortunately, Yuan Longping did not suffer other more serious shocks, but his research still struggled in that turbulent environment. Despite his perseverance, he faced all kinds of difficultiesHis research has been slow.
Finally, Yuan Longping's fate ushered in a turning point. At that time, he was the acting director of the Hunan Provincial Revolutionary Committee, and gave timely attention and support to Yuan Longping's predicament. ** Not only did he understand the scientific research value of Yuan Longping, but more importantly, he realized the importance of hybrid rice to national food security.
With the support of ***, Yuan Longping not only quickly stepped out of the previous shadow, but also made remarkable progress in the research of hybrid rice. 's help, for Yuan Longping, is tantamount to sending charcoal in the snowThis allowed his research to continue, and to achieve even more remarkable results subsequently.
In 1970, Hunan Province held the landmark second Dazhai Science and Technology Experience Exchange Conference in Agriculture. The organizer of this conference was the chairman at the time, and he specially named Yuan Longping to speak. When he received this notice, Yuan Longping felt a lot of pressureBecause his hybrid rice research encountered many difficulties at that time, the progress was not smooth.
At the conference, Yuan Long frankly introduced the current status of his research to the delegates, including the technical difficulties faced and the progress that did not meet expectations. He felt that he had failed everyone's expectations and trust. **The chairman gave great encouragement and support after listening to Yuan Longping's speechHe told Yuan Longping that even Prime Minister *** often asks about the progress of his researchEncourage him not to give up and keep going. These words greatly inspired Yuan Longping and injected him with new motivation and determination.
After this meeting, Yuan Longping redoubled down on his research. In November of the same year, he led the team to make a new attempt in hybrid rice breeding, planning to use rice with large differences in genetic background for crossbreedingIn order to break through the existing technical bottleneck. During a field trip to Hainan Island, his team members accidentally discovered a rice with special traits, a discovery that provided new direction and hope for their research.
This important discovery brought a turning point to Yuan Longping's research on hybrid rice, and made remarkable progress in his work. ** Chairman's support and encouragement, as well as important discoveries on Hainan IslandTogether, Yuan Longping's hybrid rice research has reached a new peak. This series of events has accelerated the research process of hybrid rice and opened up a new path for the development of China's agricultural science and technology.
In 1973, the scientific research team led by Yuan Longping made a major breakthrough in the research of hybrid rice. After a series of testing experiments, the team successfully found a suitable recovery systemThe key technical problems of supporting "three-line" hybrid rice were solved, and the first generation of hybrid seeds was cultivated.
In October of the same year, Suzhou held the second National Hybrid Rice Research Collaboration Conference. At the meeting, Yuan Longping published the landmark ** "Utilization'Wild defeat'Progress in the selection of three lines". This article summarizes their research results, and officially announces the success of the "three lines" of Chinese indica hybrid rice.
***, who originally supported Yuan Longping, has been transferred to *** work. Despite his high position, ** still maintains a high level of interest in agricultural research projects, especially for Yuan Longping's hybrid rice project. In Hunan Province, Zhang Pinghua, then the second secretary of the provincial party committee, took over the banner of promoting hybrid rice productionIt is proposed to promote the cultivation of hybrid rice with "the greatest vigor and the fastest speed".
In 1974, Hunan Province achieved remarkable results in the experiment of popularizing hybrid rice. In the more than 20 acres of fields planted, the average yield per mu is more than 650 kgThis achievement fully demonstrates the great advantages of hybrid rice in increasing yield. The success of this experiment verified the practical value of hybrid rice technology and laid a solid foundation for its promotion across the country.
Even during *** as *** First Deputy Prime Minister,He still maintains a constant interest in Yuan Longping and his hybrid rice research. His unremitting support and deep understanding of the progress of agricultural science and technology have made immeasurable contributions to the modernization of China's agriculture and food security. This unwavering support and Yuan Longping's scientific research achievements have jointly promoted a major change in China's agriculture.
In October 1975, a key meeting was held in Changsha, which was the fourth national scientific research cooperation meeting on hybrid rice. The challenge faced by the researchers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences who participated in the meeting is no longer a technical battleIt's about how to quickly breed a large number of sterile line seedsIn order to accelerate the popularization and application of hybrid rice.
After in-depth discussions, the participants agreed that taking advantage of the favorable climatic conditions in the coastal areas of South China and strengthening the organization of breeders are the key to solving this problem. Therefore, two experts, Yuan Longping and Chen Yiwu, were sent to Beijing to report the plan to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. But the debriefing didn't go as smoothly as expectedThe result was a return of disappointment.
Chen Hongxin was very anxious, and on December 17, he went to Beijing again to reportHowever, due to the fact that the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was busy with other important affairsThe debriefing was again deadlocked. At this time, Chen Hongxin thought of an important person who could change the situation - * On December 20, he personally wrote a four-page long letter and personally sent it to the *** office, and the envelope clearly said "** comrade personally received".
Immediate action was taken after reading the letter. In order to promote the work of hybrid rice, he made two key decisions: first, he allocated 1.5 million yuan to support the promotion of hybrid rice; The second is to instruct the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry to convene a meeting on hybrid rice production covering 13 provinces in Guangzhouto accelerate the pace of rollout.
These actions have played a decisive role in the promotion of hybrid rice. When Yuan Longping and his team reviewed this history, they deeply felt the importance of support for the large-scale promotion of hybrid rice. It is because of his timely intervention and strong supportThis enabled Yuan Longping's research to proceed smoothly and laid a solid foundation for China's "second green revolution". **Played an indispensable role in this historic transformation.