How to evaluate Zhang Chun in the Ming Dynasty? He should be called a loyal servant and not a famous general
Zhang Chun is a loyal minister, not a famous general. Zhang Chun was originally a literati, and later participated in the imperial examination, but he did not pass the examination for more than 20 years, so he had no choice but to put pen to paper. In the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631),"Battle of the Great Ling River"broke out, Zu Dashou was besieged for nearly two months, Zhang Chun was ordered to assess the reinforcements who came to the rescue, and was finally defeated**, but he did not surrender after the failure of the Ming and Qing Dynasty peace negotiations, and finally starved to death.
Zhang Chun was originally a civil servant and was reappointed"Jigong"He was later reappointed.
Zhang Chun was born as a civil official, but his reading ability was indeed mediocre, and he took the imperial examination in the twenty-eighth year of Wanli (1600), but he had no further advancement, and he had not obtained a degree for more than 20 years. In the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), Liaodong and Liaoxi were lost, and the Ming court continued to limit the ability of generals.
In the past, civil and military officials like Zhang Jun didn't want to see him, and it was difficult to reuse him, so he worked diligently in the office, and even took the job when he was sick.
In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Zhang Chun somehow offended Wang Zaijin, the secretary of the military department, and Wang Zaijin falsely accused Zhang Chun of murder and killed twelve people in one day. Zhang Chun wrote to defend himself, and the people of Guanzhou also complained to him. Wang Zaijin then falsely accused Zhang Chun of colluding with his friends and cut his salary, resulting in Zhang Chun's execution. As expected, Zhang Chun was dismissed from his post and handed over to the Criminal Department. The following year, the Criminal Department wrote that Zhang Chun's dismissal was untrue, and Zhang Chun was released.
Two years after Chongzhen trekked thousands of kilometers to attack Beijing (1629), one"The decisive battle changes"Erupted. In the first month of the following year, Yongping was lost, and the imperial court reassigned Zhang Chun as the left-behind military division of Yongping. After receiving approval, Zhang Chun went to serve in the imperial court, and was later promoted to senator by Chongzhen.
Soon, Zhang Chun and other generals recovered Yongping City, and he was awarded the Taifu Siqing for his merits. He was supposed to be appointed governor, but since there were no vacancies, he continued to be in charge of military preparations and other matters. Zhang Chun's outstanding performance was also appreciated by Sun Chengzong.
In the first month of the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), Sun Chengzong was once again in charge of the affairs outside the Guan, and in accordance with the established policy, took over the construction of the Daling River for Zu Dashou for the third time.
The geographical location of the Daling River is extremely important, and Yuan Chonghuan has built a city here twice, but they were destroyed by Huang Taiji and returned in vain. Huang Taiji saw that the Ming army was about to be rebuilt, and immediately requisitioned the Mongol army, of which on July 27, the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), the Chongzhen army went to the Daling River, and the battle of the Daling River broke out here.
Zu Dashou was besieged on the bank of the Daling River, and Zhang Chun was ordered to lead his troops to the rescue.
On August 6, the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), the army of Huang Taiji arrived at Dalinghe City, which had not yet been fully built, and Zu Dashou had to return to the city to defend. For the Qing Emperor, the Taiji army was not keen on attacking the city, but built fortifications outside the city and surrounded it around the city of Dalinghe.
After the siege of the Daling River, food was cut off within a few days, and the soldiers in the city were panicked. Zu Dashou was worried about defeat before the battle, so he organized some deserters, but they were all repelled by the Jin soldiers. In desperation, Zu Dashou had to sit in the city and wait for reinforcements. Huang Taiji had great respect for Zu Dashou, and after ten days of siege, he persuaded Zu Dashou to surrender, but Zu Dashou refused.
From August 16 to September, Songshan and Jinzhou organized three rescue operations, but they were all killed by the Jin soldiers. In order to further consume the troops in the city, Huang Taiji also pretended to reinforce and persuaded Zu Dashou to flee, but the defeated Zu Dashou did not dare to go out of the city easily, so he had to be trapped in the city.
Four years later (1631), on the 24th day of the ninth lunar month, Chongzhen organized imperial reinforcements, and an army of 40,000 led by General Song Weiwuxiang finally arrived in the Dalinghe area. The commander of this support army was Zhang Jun, who was promoted to overseer on the recommendation of Sun Chengzong.
Zhang Chun was defeated and captured in a fierce battle with the Qing army.
On September 27, 1631, Zhang Chun's army entered Dalinghe Town from Xiaolinghe and encountered Jin soldiers fifteen miles away from Dalinghe Town, and the two sides fought fiercely.
Zhang Chun knew that the Qing army was famous for its cavalry, so he prepared a large number of chariots equipped with firearms. With these chariots, Zhang Chun blocked the attack of the Eight Banners cavalry, and also killed Zhuo Huannuo, the deputy of Hou Jintai, and the reserves of Dobele. Subsequently, the Ming army, under the protection of chariots, began to steadily advance towards the towns along the Daling River.
However, Zhang Chun did not expect that the Jin soldiers equipped with red-coated cannons were not used to siege the city, but were arranged on the streets to deal with reinforcements. When Zhang Chun's army entered this place, forty red-clothed cannons rang out in unison, the Ming army's formation was immediately chaotic, Huang Taiji seized the opportunity and led the army to attack, the Ming army was defeated and retreated, Wu Xiang saw that the situation was not good, and immediately led the army to flee.
Zhang Chun saw that the army was retreating, and hurriedly gathered the division of troops to re-stabilize the position, and saw that there was wind in the east, so he attacked with fire, the wind put out the fire, and burned the Jin soldiers, and the Jin soldiers immediately forced the army to retreat, and then killed the left leader of the Jin army, Zhuo Na, the Gongda Mubu official of the Wuyuan, and the second-class light car captain Zhu.
3. Bai Sangwu, the left collar, Nima Chen, the commander of the cavalry, the Captain of the Military Guard School, and the captain of the Yunqi School, Waka.
But suddenly it rained heavily in the sky, and the direction of the wind changed. The Jin dynasty seized the opportunity to attack again, but this time Song Wei was defeated and fled. After Song Wei fled, the army was instantly shattered, and Zhang Chun's attempt to regroup the defeated army failed, and he even joined the ranks of the losers.
Huang Taiji had already laid an ambush in the process of the retreat of the Ming army, and the fleeing Ming army encountered an ambush, most of them gave up resistance and chose to surrender, Zhang Chun and his generals Zhang Hongmo, Yang Huazhen, guerrilla Xue Dahu and other 33 people were captured. Seeing Huang Taiji, everyone saluted, but Zhang Chun did not kneel and said:"Loyal ministers don't care about the two kings, and they are courteous. If you are greedy for life and afraid of death, use me! "
Zhang Chun was imprisoned in Sanguan Temple in Shenyang for more than ten years, during which time he always"Wearing Hanfu"、"Don't shave your hair", abide by the Ming Dynasty costumes, uphold the integrity of the Ming Dynasty courtiers. At the same time, he believed that the Ming and Qing peace talks were beneficial to the country, so he worked hard to live a hard life, just to promote the Ming and Qing peace talks. The peace talks failed, the war between the Ming and Qing dynasties escalated, and Zhang Chun's last hope was dashed, and he died on a hunger strike.